The greater the concentration difference, the more energy is needed to overcome the gradient.
The vesicle is pinched off within the cytoplasm.
The extracellular environment.
Transport that uses energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
Passive transport.
The movement of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy.
Distribute themselves evenly.
Movement of substances into and out of the cell across the plasma membrane.
Smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger ones.
The process where the plasma membrane invaginates to form a vesicle that is pinched off within the cytoplasm.
The process of fusion of a membrane-bound vesicle with the plasma membrane, allowing the vesicle's lumen to open to the extracellular environment.
A volume change.
The cell must provide metabolic energy, usually ATP.
ATP generated by respiration in mitochondria.
It forms a vesicle.
A membrane-bound vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane.
Both are passive, but osmosis specifically involves water movement.
The movement of molecules through the phospholipid bilayer or ion channels.
To prevent cells from bursting or shrinking.
It will burst.
Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, H+ ATPase.
The difference in concentration of a substance across a space, which drives diffusion.
The carrier changes shape to transport the solute.
The potential energy of water in a system, influencing the movement of water across membranes.
The rate of active transport decreases.
They diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer.
No energy is required.
The net movement of water molecules from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a selectively permeable membrane.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
From high to low concentration.
The solute dissociates from the carrier.
Pumps Na+ to the outside and K+ to the inside.
They facilitate the diffusion of ions.
High temperature generally increases the diffusion rate.
They act as specific protein 'carriers' within the cell membrane.
Hydrolysis of ATP.
A process for transporting large organic molecules like glucose and amino acids.
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy, usually in the form of ATP.
A larger surface area allows for more molecules to diffuse at once, increasing the rate of diffusion.
Na+/K+ ATPase.
No, it does not use energy from ATP.
The shorter the distance between two regions of different concentrations, the faster the rate of diffusion.
Diffusion surfaces frequently have structures that increase their surface area.
A protein that facilitates the transport of substances across a cell membrane.
Passive process and active process.
Ethanol, fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, and nonpolar gases like O2.
Selectively permeable.
The process of transporting molecules across the membrane with the help of carrier proteins.
The process of moving molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from the electrochemical gradient created by primary active transport.
They help transport solutes across the membrane.
Nonpolar and lipid-soluble substances.
Concentration gradient of ions across the cell membrane.
The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion.
The difference in water potential between two solutions.
From a region of high water potential to a region of lower water potential.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
It binds to a specific binding site on the carrier.
Higher temperatures increase molecular movement, thus speeding up the rate of diffusion.
The greater the difference in concentration between two regions, the faster the rate of diffusion.
Fat-soluble molecules diffuse more rapidly than water-soluble molecules.
An energy-consuming transport of molecules or ions from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration (against a concentration gradient).
A selectively permeable membrane.
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need for energy.
The process of moving molecules against their concentration gradient using energy directly from ATP.
It will shrink.
Use of ion concentration differences, often Na+.
Symport and antiport.
Increased distance can slow down the rate of diffusion, as molecules have to travel further.
Transport that uses ion concentration differences across the membrane.
In the stomach, small intestine, and colon.
Re-absorption of water by the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
The process of transporting molecules across a membrane via protein channels without energy, relying on concentration gradients.
No, it does not require energy.
From high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient.
