p.39
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What percentage of respondents declared the same religion as at least one of their parents when they were 12 years old according to ISSP 2018?
Own calculations from ISSP 2018.
p.38
Socialization and Human Behavior
What should one be mindful of when considering socialization?
Other processes and what individuals do (i.e., agency).
p.19
Socialization and Human Behavior
According to Giddings, what is the significance of socialization in sociology?
It is the most important part of the Theory of Sociology.
p.34
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is the purpose of socialization according to Parsons?
To acquire the requisite orientation for satisfactory functioning in a role.
p.17
Socialization and Human Behavior
What was the main criticism of biological explanations of human behavior in the 20th century?
They were challenged for not accounting for learned behavior.
p.16
Socialization and Human Behavior
What commonality is being questioned among characters in the context of nurture and nature?
The shared traits or behaviors that may arise from environmental influences rather than biological factors.
p.36
Socialization and Human Behavior
Who are the authors of the article discussing socialization?
Guhin, Calarco, and Miller-Idriss.
p.24
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What were the four answer categories in the study?
Strongly agree, agree somewhat, disagree somewhat, strongly disagree.
p.42
Culture and Inequality
How is human behavior linked to our shared way of living?
Human behavior is influenced by cultural norms, values, and social interactions within a community.
p.40
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is secondary socialization?
The process when individuals learn culture outside of the family later in life.
p.19
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is socialization?
The lifelong experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture.
p.33
Agents of Socialization
How do video games serve as an agent of socialization?
They provide interactive experiences that influence behavior and social norms.
p.18
Culture and Inequality
What type of content does 'Basement Medicine' provide?
It offers insights and discussions on various topics, often with a humorous twist.
p.19
Socialization and Human Behavior
How does prolonged and repetitive social influence affect individuals?
Individuals tend to learn and internalize the way of thinking or acting.
p.16
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
How did 19th-century scientists view members of less developed societies?
They viewed them as biologically less evolved and therefore 'less human.'
p.3
Culture and Inequality
How does culture perpetuate inequality?
Cultural beliefs and practices can reinforce social hierarchies and limit opportunities for marginalized groups.
p.36
Socialization and Human Behavior
What issues are highlighted in the warning about socialization?
Incoherence and conflict.
p.43
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
How does the association between mother’s trust and child’s trust represent socialization?
It illustrates how parental attitudes and behaviors influence children's development of trust.
p.6
High Culture vs. Popular Culture
What characterizes popular culture?
Popular culture distinguishes the lower class and lower middle class.
p.24
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What statement suggests caution when dealing with strangers?
When dealing with strangers, it is better to be careful before you trust them.
p.23
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
Which studies explore the influence of parents on ethnocentrism?
Duriez & Soenens (2009) and Epstein & Komorita (1966).
p.42
Agents of Socialization
What is anticipatory socialization?
Anticipatory socialization involves preparing for future roles and social expectations, often seen in adolescents as they transition to adulthood.
p.44
Resocialization and Total Institutions
What are some situations that can lead to (re)socialization?
Transition to university, a new job, or migration.
p.15
Socialization and Human Behavior
What does 'Nurture is our nature' imply?
It suggests that human behavior is influenced by environmental factors.
p.34
Socialization and Human Behavior
What does Parsons define socialization as?
A particular part of learning through which actors acquire the requisite orientation for satisfactory functioning in a role.
p.7
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
How does inequality affect cultural practices?
Inequality can lead to changes in cultural practices, such as elite practices becoming popular.
p.4
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
How do inequalities affect culture?
Inequalities influence cultural practices and values.
p.1
Agents of Socialization
What factors can influence attendance rates?
Health, motivation, family circumstances, and school environment.
p.30
Agents of Socialization
What types of activities might children engage in with their peer groups?
Romantic relationships, deviant behavior, and video games.
p.45
Resocialization and Total Institutions
What is the third characteristic of total institutions according to Goffman?
Formal rules dictate daily behavior.
p.36
Socialization and Human Behavior
In which publication did the article 'Whatever happened to socialization?' appear?
Annual Review of Sociology.
p.22
Agents of Socialization
What factors can influence the variation in socialization?
Ethnicity, social class, and other social categories.
p.28
Agents of Socialization
What is the hidden curriculum in schools?
The informal teachings that convey social norms and values.
p.26
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What does the study suggest about children copying their parents?
It does not state that each child exactly copies their parents.
p.32
Agents of Socialization
How does the influence of mass media differ from that of family?
Mass media's influence is likely to differ from that of the family, local school, and peer group.
p.5
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
What is the Protestant ethic?
A commitment to one's worldly calling and ascetic abstinence.
p.16
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
What was the belief of scientists in the 19th century regarding differences among people?
They believed that differences were explained by nature.
p.7
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
What can lead to elite cultural practices becoming popular?
Reduction of inequalities and government barriers to access.
p.5
Culture and Inequality
What is ascetic abstinence?
A lifestyle characterized by self-discipline and avoidance of indulgence.
p.13
Culture and Inequality
What is Tarzan's relationship with Jane?
She is his love interest.
p.17
Socialization and Human Behavior
According to Watson, how is behavior formed?
Behavior is learned, not instinctive.
p.8
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
How do scholars view the consistency of ways of thinking?
They tend to be inconsistent.
p.24
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What statement reflects a negative view of social trust?
These days you cannot rely on anybody else.
p.23
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
Which research addresses the influence of gender roles in parental socialization?
Moen et al. (1997) and O’Bryan et al. (2004).
p.42
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What is primary socialization?
Primary socialization occurs in early childhood, primarily through family, where basic norms and values are learned.
p.1
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is attendance?
The act of being present at a place, especially at a meeting or event.
p.18
Culture and Inequality
Why might someone watch 'Magic for Humans'?
It is entertaining and can alleviate boredom.
p.30
Agents of Socialization
What is a peer group?
A social group whose members have common interests, social position, and age.
p.8
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
According to Marx and Engels, what determines consciousness?
Social being determines consciousness.
p.45
Resocialization and Total Institutions
What is the second characteristic of total institutions according to Goffman?
Life is controlled and standardized.
p.6
High Culture vs. Popular Culture
What distinguishes high culture?
High culture distinguishes the upper class and upper middle class.
p.22
Agents of Socialization
How can socialization occur within families?
It can be direct or indirect.
p.8
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
What is the role of culture in relation to inequalities?
Culture does not motivate but justifies inequalities.
p.28
Role of Schools in Socialization
What is a child's first experience with bureaucracy?
For most children, it is at school.
p.32
Mass Media and Socialization
What is mass media?
Means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience.
p.45
Resocialization and Total Institutions
What is a total institution?
A setting where people are isolated from society and manipulated by an administrative staff.
p.35
Culture and Inequality
What is the concept of cultural downloading?
It refers to the process of acquiring cultural norms and values, but may have associated problems.
p.1
Socialization and Human Behavior
How can attendance impact academic performance?
Regular attendance is often linked to better understanding of material and higher grades.
p.35
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is the main concern raised by Guhin, Calarco, and Miller-Idriss in their 2021 review?
The review discusses the state and evolution of socialization in contemporary society.
p.36
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is a key problem identified in socialization according to Guhin, Calarco, and Miller-Idriss?
Lacking necessary attention to agency.
p.37
Socialization and Human Behavior
What role do children play in their own socialization?
Children play an important role in the way they are parented.
p.8
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
What is an example of ideologies mentioned?
Nazism, communism, liberalism.
p.8
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
What does the toolkit theory suggest about culture?
Culture is like a toolkit from which people draw elements to make sense of their actions.
p.24
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What statement reflects a positive view of social trust?
In general, one can trust people.
p.42
Agents of Socialization
Can you provide an example of anticipatory socialization?
A college student taking internships to prepare for a future career.
p.18
Culture and Inequality
What is 'Magic for Humans' primarily about?
It is a show that combines magic and social experiments.
p.40
Socialization and Human Behavior
What types of values, norms, or skills can be learned at the university?
Values, norms, and skills related to academic and social interactions.
p.4
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
How does culture affect inequality?
Culture generates inequalities.
p.38
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
What does socialization make visible?
Structures of power and how domination is reproduced.
p.30
Agents of Socialization
How do peer groups allow children to interact?
They let children escape the direct supervision of adults.
p.6
Culture and Inequality
What role does culture play in social group boundaries?
Culture generates boundaries between groups.
p.43
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What association did Dohmen and colleagues report regarding trust?
An association between a mother's trust toward others and a child's trust toward others in Germany.
p.30
Agents of Socialization
What is anticipatory socialization?
The process where people are influenced by peer groups they wish to join.
p.43
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is the concept of socialization?
The process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture.
p.42
Role of Schools in Socialization
Can you provide an example of secondary socialization?
A teenager learning social norms and behaviors in high school.
p.20
Agents of Socialization
What are agents of socialization?
Settings that guide the socialization process.
p.35
Socialization and Human Behavior
How does Parsons define socialization?
As a particular part of learning through which actors acquire the requisite orientation for satisfactory functioning in a role.
p.15
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is the primary focus of the statement 'Human behavior is shaped by the environment'?
The impact of environmental factors on behavior.
p.8
Marxist Perspective on Culture and Inequality
What role do ideologies play in society?
They explain the world and aspire to change it.
p.34
Socialization and Human Behavior
In which publication can the discussion about socialization be found?
Annual Review of Sociology.
p.37
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is the implication of viewing children as active agents in socialization?
It acknowledges their influence on parenting dynamics.
p.3
Role of Schools in Socialization
What role does education play in the relationship between culture and inequality?
Education can either challenge or reinforce cultural norms that contribute to inequality.
p.17
Socialization and Human Behavior
What does 'behavior is rooted in nurture' suggest?
Environmental factors significantly influence behavior.
p.42
Role of Schools in Socialization
What is secondary socialization?
Secondary socialization occurs later in life, through institutions like schools and peer groups, where individuals learn more complex social skills.
p.20
Agents of Socialization
How does socialization occur?
Through different conduits.
p.5
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
How can people's values influence financial behavior?
Values can motivate behaviors that lead to inequality.
p.16
Socialization and Human Behavior
What does the phrase 'Nurture is our nature' imply?
It suggests that environmental factors and upbringing play a significant role in shaping human behavior.
p.32
Mass Media and Socialization
What do mass media introduce people to?
Ideas and images that reflect the larger society and the entire world.
p.3
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
What is the relationship between culture and inequality?
Culture can influence social structures and contribute to inequality by shaping values, norms, and practices.
p.13
Culture and Inequality
What theme is prominent in the story of 'Tarzan'?
The struggle between civilization and nature.
p.41
Role of Schools in Socialization
What is the purpose of socializing students before the mid-term?
To provide examples of questions.
p.6
Culture and Inequality
How is culture differentiated in society?
Culture is differentiated along social classes.
p.22
Agents of Socialization
How do infants depend on others during early childhood?
Infants are dependent on others for care.
p.3
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
In what ways can inequality affect culture?
Inequality can lead to cultural divisions, where dominant cultures overshadow or marginalize others.
p.22
Agents of Socialization
What role does the family play in socialization?
To teach values, norms, and skills.
p.43
Agents of Socialization
What role do parents play in socialization?
Parents act as agents of socialization, shaping their children's beliefs and behaviors.
p.42
Socialization and Human Behavior
What does the phrase 'The nature of humans is nurture' imply?
It suggests that human behavior is primarily shaped by environmental factors and social experiences.
p.40
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is primary socialization?
The process when a child learns culture.
p.4
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
What is the nature of the relationship between culture and inequality?
It is complex and bidirectional.
p.1
Role of Schools in Socialization
Why is attendance important in educational settings?
It reflects student engagement and participation, which are crucial for learning.
p.37
Socialization and Human Behavior
What criticism do sociologists have about the concept of socialization?
It inaccurately suggests that children are passive agents.
p.45
Resocialization and Total Institutions
What is the first characteristic of total institutions according to Goffman?
Staff supervise the residents.
p.3
Culture and Inequality
How can cultural practices impact economic inequality?
Cultural practices can influence access to resources, job opportunities, and social mobility.
p.28
Agents of Socialization
How do schools expand children's social world?
By including people with different backgrounds such as gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES).
p.42
Socialization and Human Behavior
What are the concepts of socialization and culture?
Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of their culture.
p.14
Socialization and Human Behavior
What does 'Nurture is our nature' imply?
It suggests that human behavior is influenced by environmental factors.
p.20
Agents of Socialization
What role do agents of socialization play?
They facilitate the socialization process.
p.5
Culture and Inequality
What behavior does the Protestant ethic promote?
Unceasing commitment to one's worldly calling.
p.34
Socialization and Human Behavior
Who are the authors of the work discussing socialization?
Guhin, J., Calarco, J. M., & Miller-Idriss.
p.7
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
What happens when a group appropriates cultural practices of another?
It can lead to changes in cultural dynamics and perceptions.
p.7
Bidirectional Relationship of Culture and Inequality
What is a class-based origin in cultural practices?
It refers to cultural practices that originate from specific social classes.
p.17
Socialization and Human Behavior
What is the primary argument regarding nature and nurture?
Nurture matters more than nature in shaping behavior.
p.28
Agents of Socialization
Why are teachers considered important role models?
Because they influence children's behavior and attitudes.
p.42
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
Can you provide an example of primary socialization?
A child learning language and basic manners from their parents.
p.26
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What is the general proposition regarding parent-child transmission?
There is a general tendency towards transmission from parent to child.
p.44
Resocialization and Total Institutions
What does (re)socialization refer to?
The process of learning new norms and values in new social contexts.
p.41
Role of Schools in Socialization
What type of questions were students primarily prepared for in schools for the HKDSE?
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ).
p.6
Culture and Inequality
What is a key characteristic of cultural values in society?
Cultural values are shared by almost all social members, but different social groups practice different ways of life.
p.37
Socialization and Human Behavior
How do sociologists view the relationship between parents and children in the context of socialization?
As reciprocal and dynamic, rather than unidirectional.
p.24
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What was the main question investigated in the study?
Is social trust transmitted from parents to their children?
p.38
Agents of Socialization
How does socialization facilitate communication?
It enables communication with other disciplines that discuss learning processes.
p.17
Culture and Inequality
What does the phrase 'People are equally human, they differ in their cultural patterns' imply?
Cultural differences shape human behavior.
p.23
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What is the guiding proposition of parental socialization?
Children tend to conform to the opinions and behaviors of their parents.
p.43
Parental Socialization and Its Impact
What does it mean that parents tend to reproduce rather than reflect socialization?
It means that parents often pass on their own beliefs and behaviors to their children rather than merely reflecting societal norms.
p.42
Socialization and Human Behavior
How do primary, secondary, and anticipatory socialization differ?
They differ in timing and agents: primary occurs in childhood with family, secondary in adolescence/adulthood with peers and institutions, and anticipatory prepares for future roles.
