p.1
Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What are the main causes of Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
Nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation.
p.1
Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Who is susceptible to developing Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
Anyone with diabetes, especially those with poor blood sugar control, peripheral neuropathy, and other risk factors.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What are the main types of biopsy?
Needle Biopsy, Surgical Biopsy, Endoscopic Biopsy, and Punch Biopsy.
p.3
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is Stage 0 of venous disorders?
No visible signs; symptoms like achy or tired legs may be present.
p.6
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What are some indications for debridement?
Chronic wounds, infected or necrotic tissue, burns, and non-healing surgical wounds.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What are some potential complications of a biopsy?
Infection, bleeding, damage to surrounding tissue, and allergic reactions.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a priority nursing action when preparing a patient for a minor surgical procedure?
To be determined based on specific context.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What are specific types of breast cancer that may require a mastectomy?
Infiltrating/Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Inflammatory Breast Cancer, and Paget’s Disease of the Breast.
p.1
Diabetic Foot Ulcer Overview
Why are Diabetic Foot Ulcers a significant concern?
They are a leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations in the U.S.
p.2
Open Reduction External Fixation Techniques
What is the purpose of an external fixator?
To stabilize bone fragments using pins or wires attached to bars placed outside the skin.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a priority nursing action when preparing the surgical environment?
Ensuring adequate lighting in the operating room.
p.6
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What is surgical debridement?
The removal of dead tissue using a scalpel or surgical instrument.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What does a benign finding in a biopsy indicate?
No evidence of cancer or other serious disease.
p.6
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What are the potential outcomes of debridement?
Successful healing, incomplete healing, or the need for further debridement.
p.6
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What is a common complication during debridement?
Infection and excessive bleeding.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is an inappropriate action regarding patient meals before a procedure?
Allowing the patient to eat a heavy meal right before the procedure.
p.6
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What types of pain management may be provided to patients post-procedure?
Over-the-counter medications or prescription painkillers.
p.6
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What are the risks associated with biopsy procedures?
Inaccurate results, infection, and tissue damage.
p.3
Venous Insufficiency: Causes and Symptoms
What is venous insufficiency?
A venous disease that causes damaged leg veins to pool blood, leading to high pressure and hindered blood flow back to the heart.
p.1
Anatomy and Physiology Related to Diabetic Foot Ulcers
How does peripheral arterial disease (PAD) contribute to Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
It reduces blood flow, limiting oxygen and nutrients necessary for healing, making ulcers more likely to form.
p.7
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What is the most appropriate initial action when observing increasing redness and tenderness along a mastectomy wound?
Document any findings and inform the physician.
p.3
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a recommended prevention strategy for venous insufficiency?
Avoid sitting or standing for too long and move around frequently.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a priority nursing action when caring for a patient with arterial insufficiency?
Elevating the affected limb.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What should a nurse ensure regarding the consent form before a procedure?
That the patient has signed the consent form.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a key nursing action during the intraoperative phase?
Assisting the surgeon by holding surgical instruments.
p.1
Anatomy and Physiology Related to Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What role does peripheral neuropathy play in Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
It causes loss of sensation, making individuals unaware of injuries that can lead to ulcers.
p.6
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What does debridement aim to achieve?
To remove dead, damaged, or infected tissue from a wound to promote healing.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What is the first step in the biopsy procedure?
Preparation, which often includes local anesthesia.
p.3
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What are non-surgical treatments for venous insufficiency?
Endovenous ablation and sclerotherapy.
p.3
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What lifestyle changes can help manage venous insufficiency?
Leg elevation, regular exercise, weight management, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, and maintaining healthy skin.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What nursing intervention is appropriate for facilitating patient understanding during an outpatient consultation?
Encouraging the patient to ask questions about the condition.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a priority nursing action when caring for a patient with a chronic wound?
Assessing the wound for signs of infection.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What is the purpose of a frozen section?
To determine if a tumor is cancerous or benign and to assess surgical margins.
p.6
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is the purpose of wound care post-procedure?
To monitor the surgical site for signs of infection, swelling, and pain.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What is a biopsy?
A medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for diagnostic examination.
p.3
Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What are some secondary causes of venous insufficiency?
Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, pregnancy, prolonged standing or sitting, chronic conditions like hypertension or diabetes, and frequent wearing of high heels.
p.6
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What is autolytic debridement?
A method that uses the body’s own enzymes and moisture to break down dead tissue.
p.2
Open Reduction Internal Fixation Techniques
What is the purpose of the implant in internal fixation?
To provide temporary stabilization, maintain alignment during recovery, and support functional rehabilitation.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What nursing intervention is appropriate for promoting wound healing in a patient with a chronic wound?
Keeping the wound covered and dry.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What long-term management is necessary after a mastectomy?
Ongoing surveillance for breast cancer recurrence, with frequency and type varying based on individual factors.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is an inappropriate nursing action regarding pre-operative medication?
Providing pre-operative medication without verifying the physician’s order.
p.2
Open Reduction External Fixation Techniques
What is external fixation?
A method of stabilizing a fracture using a cluster of pins connected to the external environment.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What nursing intervention promotes patient safety during the postoperative phase?
Monitoring vital signs and assessing for complications.
p.7
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What is a priority nursing action before performing wound debridement?
Administering pain medication.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What nursing intervention is appropriate for maintaining aseptic technique?
Avoiding reaching across the sterile field.
p.2
Open Reduction Internal Fixation Techniques
What are the two stages of open reduction internal fixation?
Fracture reduction and internal fixation.
p.6
Debridement Techniques and Indications
What is the role of biological debridement?
The use of maggots to consume dead tissue in certain wound types.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What immediate postoperative care is required after a mastectomy?
Pain management, wound care, monitoring for complications, early mobilization, and infection prevention.
p.8
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a key nursing intervention to minimize the risk of surgical site infection (SSI)?
Performing a thorough skin preparation with antiseptic solution.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a priority nursing action when caring for a patient with a diabetic foot ulcer?
Assessing the ulcer for signs of infection.
p.2
Open Reduction Internal Fixation Techniques
What is open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)?
A surgical procedure that uses plates, screws, or an intramedullary rod to stabilize and repair bone fractures.
p.1
Anatomy and Physiology Related to Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What musculoskeletal abnormalities can occur in diabetics?
Foot deformities and joint stiffness, which can increase the risk of ulcer formation.
p.2
Open Reduction External Fixation Techniques
What are some complications associated with external fixation?
Pin tract infection, pin loosening, pin breakage, and chronic osteomyelitis.
p.2
Open Reduction Internal Fixation Techniques
What methods are used for internal fixation?
Plates and screws, K-wires, intramedullary nails or rods, tension band wiring, and TightRope.
p.3
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is the purpose of compression therapy in venous insufficiency?
To improve blood flow and reduce swelling by wearing compression stockings or using intermittent pneumatic compression.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What happens to the tissue during a frozen section procedure?
The tissue is quickly frozen, cut into thin slices, and examined under a microscope.
p.1
Diabetic Foot Ulcer Overview
What is a Diabetic Foot Ulcer?
A common complication of diabetes caused by nerve damage and poor circulation, typically forming on the bottom of the foot.
p.3
Venous Insufficiency: Causes and Symptoms
What are common signs and symptoms of venous insufficiency?
Achy or tired legs, burning or tingling sensations, leg cramps at night, discolored skin, edema, flaking or itchy skin, heavy feeling in the legs, leathery-looking skin, ulcers, and varicose veins.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What nursing intervention is appropriate for promoting diabetic foot ulcer healing?
Keeping the ulcer dry and covered.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
When is a biopsy recommended?
When a mass is detected, abnormalities are identified, certain symptoms occur, or screening for cancer is required.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What are common post-procedure care steps after a biopsy?
Pain management, wound care, and monitoring for complications.
p.7
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What is a priority nursing action when preparing a patient for an outpatient consultation?
Reviewing the patient's medical history and current chief complaints.
p.2
Open Reduction Internal Fixation Techniques
What are common symptoms post-ORIF surgery?
Pain and discomfort, swelling and bruising, limited range of motion, fatigue, and hardware sensation.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What is the outcome of a mastectomy procedure?
Findings can be benign, malignant, borderline, non-neoplastic, or normal.
p.2
Open Reduction External Fixation Techniques
When is external fixation typically indicated?
For open fractures with severe soft tissue injury, closed fractures with soft tissue compromise, and pelvic fractures requiring fixation.
p.1
Anatomy and Physiology Related to Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What skin changes can increase the risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
Dryness and decreased sensation due to poor circulation and nerve damage.
p.1
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
What are some management strategies to prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcers?
Keep blood sugar levels low, practice adequate foot care, wear appropriate footwear, and have regular foot checkups.
p.5
Biopsy Procedures and Their Importance
What is a frozen section in biopsy procedures?
A rapid biopsy technique that involves freezing tissue samples immediately for quick analysis during surgery.
p.2
Open Reduction Internal Fixation Techniques
What are some complications of internal fixation?
Infection, bleeding, nerve damage, skin complications, and blood clots.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What is a mastectomy?
A surgical procedure to remove some or all of the breast tissue, used as treatment or prevention for breast cancer.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What are some factors that may require a mastectomy?
Large tumor, tumor involves more than one area of the breast, radiation therapy is not advisable, and women at risk of breast cancer (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations).
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What role do supportive care services play in long-term management after a mastectomy?
They provide physical therapy, psychosocial support, and survivorship programs.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What evaluations and tests are performed before a mastectomy?
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), Mammography, Breast Ultrasound, Breast MRI, Biopsy, Genetic Testing, and Frozen Section.
p.4
Mastectomy: Types and Indications
What are the types of mastectomy?
Total (Simple) Mastectomy, Modified Radical Mastectomy, Radical Mastectomy, Skin-Sparing Mastectomy, and Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.
