p.4
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is a characteristic sign of Rubella?
Inflammation of the lymph nodes ≥ 1.5 cm, appearing 24 hours before the rash.
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Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What type of rash is associated with Rubella?
Maculopapular rash that appears on the trunk.
p.2
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is lichenification?
Hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin due to chronic irritation.
p.5
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
Where do rashes typically appear first in Varicella?
On the head with a high concentration on the trunk.
p.5
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is Herman’s rash associated with Dengue?
Isles of white on a sea of red.
p.6
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What are common symptoms of Meningococcemia?
Fever, headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, and a reddish to purple non-blanching rash.
p.3
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What are some causes of vesicular rashes?
Coxsackie A, Varicella, Chickenpox, and Herpes zoster.
p.3
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What causes petechiae?
Dengue, Leptospirosis, and Drug Reactions.
p.1
Vital Signs and Their Interpretation
What is the significance of abnormal combinations of vital signs in febrile children?
They may point to severe disease or a toxidrome.
p.5
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is a common rash associated with Dengue fever?
Maculopapular rash in around half of patients.
p.3
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
Which diseases can cause a maculopapular rash?
Rubeola, Rubella, Parvovirus B19, and Group A Streptococcus.
p.4
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is the characteristic rash appearance in Erythema Infectiosum?
Erythematous and macular 'slapped cheek' appearance with circumoral pallor.
p.6
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is the triad of symptoms for Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)?
Abdominal pain, joint pain, and palpable purpura.
p.1
Associated Symptoms of Fever in Children
What are some associated symptoms of fever in children?
Headache, altered sensorium, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What are the symptoms of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by HSV I?
Pain in the mouth, salvation, fetor oris, refusal to eat, and fever.
p.2
Clinical Reasoning for Febrile Children
What are some keywords associated with the prodrome of measles?
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis.
p.1
Associated Symptoms of Fever in Children
What are the components of the Cushing triad?
Bradycardia, hypertension, and altered breathing.
p.1
Management of Acutely Ill Febrile Children
What are danger signs in the management of an acutely ill febrile child?
Vomiting everything, unable to drink or breastfeed, having a seizure episode, lethargic.
p.3
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is Koebnerization?
Auto-inoculation by scratching, transferring bacteria from one area to another.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is a key symptom of Kawasaki Disease?
Conjunctivitis with limbal sparing.
p.2
Clinical Reasoning for Febrile Children
What is the intuitive system in clinical reasoning?
A fast, automatic process that relies on mental shortcuts.
p.6
Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dermatology
What is a notable dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19?
Acral ischemia, where digits swell and turn pink, red, or purplish.
p.3
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What defines a vesicular rash?
A small fluid-filled blister that can range from pinpoint to 5 mm in size.
p.1
Associated Symptoms of Fever in Children
What should be investigated when headaches occur upon arising in the morning?
Increased intracranial pressure.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What are the initial symptoms of Varicella?
Mild prodrome of fever and malaise for 1-2 days.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is the incubation period for Varicella?
14-16 days (can range from 10 to 21 days).
p.3
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What are the characteristics of a maculopapular rash?
Flat and raised lesions of various sizes over one or more areas of the skin.
p.7
Management of Acutely Ill Febrile Children
What is a key prevention strategy for viral infections?
Immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases.
p.6
Drug Abuse and Its Cutaneous Effects
What skin changes can indicate drug abuse?
Petechiae, skin-picking with abscesses, and various rashes depending on the substance.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is the main difference between Varicella and Zoster (shingles)?
Varicella affects the whole body, while shingles follows dermatomal lines and is painful.
p.1
Fever in Pediatric Patients
What defines hyperpyrexia in children?
A body temperature of 41°C or higher.
p.6
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is a tell-tale sign of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose.
p.4
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is the main characteristic of Herpangina?
Fever, sore throat, dysphagia, and vesicles in the posterior pharynx.
p.3
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What characterizes a polymorphic rash?
Multiple skin lesions in various stages, including macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions.
p.2
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is an example of a rash associated with hand-foot-mouth disease?
Vesicles in the mouth, hands, and soles of the feet.
p.1
Associated Symptoms of Fever in Children
What is the Cushing triad indicative of?
Life-threatening increased intracranial pressure.
p.1
Vital Signs and Their Interpretation
What is the relationship between respiratory rate and heart rate in febrile children?
The respiratory rate increases in a 1:4 ratio to heart rate.
p.3
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What are the prodromal symptoms of Measles (Rubeola)?
Stepwise increase in fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots.
p.6
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
How is Meningococcemia transmitted?
By inhaled respiratory droplets.
p.2
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What are primary skin lesions?
Changes in the texture and appearance of the skin, such as macules and papules.
p.3
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What are petechiae?
Microscopic blood vessels beneath the skin, resulting in a generally pinpoint rash.
p.3
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is a pustule and its common association?
A small pus-filled lesion, most commonly seen in Impetigo.
p.3
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
When does the rash appear in Measles after prodrome?
2-4 days after prodrome, 14 days after exposure.
p.7
Clinical Reasoning for Febrile Children
What is the incubation period for viral causes of fever and rash?
7-21 days from exposure to prodrome.
p.7
Management of Acutely Ill Febrile Children
What precautions should be observed for febrile patients?
Standard transmission precautions.
p.2
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is a maculopapular rash?
Red areas of the skin with small bumps.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What happens to the varicella-zoster virus after primary exposure?
It remains dormant in the dorsal nerve ganglia.
p.5
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
How does the rash of Varicella evolve?
Macules to vesicles in crops to crusted lesions in various stages of evolution.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is required for a diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease?
5 days of high spiking fever and 4 classic clinical criteria.
p.7
Management of Acutely Ill Febrile Children
What should be ensured regarding nutrition in febrile children?
They should be hydrated and have adequate urine and stool output.
p.6
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What are the symptoms of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)?
Fever for 3 days or more, rash, conjunctivitis, hypotension, and gastrointestinal problems.
p.2
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What is the description of a vesicle?
A fluid-filled lesion less than 1 cm.
p.2
Types and Characteristics of Rashes
What are petechiae?
Small purpura less than 2-3 mm.
p.5
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
When is a patient with Varicella contagious?
1-2 days before to 4-5 days after the onset of rashes.
p.7
Management of Acutely Ill Febrile Children
When should a febrile patient be isolated?
If there are immunocompromised household contacts, infants, elderly, or pregnant women.
p.4
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What are the complications associated with Enterovirus 71 in HFMD?
Pneumonia and encephalitis, as well as neurologic, respiratory, and cardiac complications.
p.3
Common Pediatric Diseases Associated with Fever and Rash
What is the appearance of the Measles rash?
Maculopapular, becomes confluent, begins on the face and head, persists for 5-6 days.
