Basic building blocks of larger molecules, such as glucose, amino acids, and nucleotides.
Large molecules formed by the condensation reaction of monomers, including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Energy source, storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals), and structural components (cellulose in plant cell walls).
Energy storage, insulation, and forming cell membrane structures.
To detect reducing sugars.
Simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.
Formation of alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets.
Lipids composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
Lipids composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Assembly of multiple polypeptide chains.
Proteins, indicated by a purple color after adding Biuret reagent.
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, examples include sucrose and lactose.
The sequence of amino acids.
Long chains of monosaccharides, examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
3D folding due to interactions between R groups.
Add iodine solution; a blue-black color indicates starch presence.
To detect lipids, indicated by a milky emulsion after mixing with ethanol and water.
