p.10
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What does fixed unilateral mydriasis in a comatose patient suggest?
Third cranial nerve compression.
What is the initial treatment of sigmoid volvulus in the absence of ischemia or perforation?
a) endoscopic distortion, effective for 60-95% of patients.
p.24
Drug-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
What is a false statement regarding anal fissures?
Pain is almost always relieved by the presence of intestinal transit and is usually accompanied by melena.
p.6
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Causes
Which statement about simple febrile seizures in children is true?
There are generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
p.24
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Causes
What is a common clinical manifestation of anorectal abscesses?
Anorectal pain and the presence of a palpable mass or swelling at the perineal level.
p.15
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are some etiologies of conductive hearing loss?
External otitis, otitis media, tympanic membrane perforation.
p.11
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What type of coma state has the best prognosis?
Coma states generated by metabolic causes that can be corrected.
p.8
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
Which condition is typically associated with neonatal nuclear jaundice?
Maternal-fetal incompatibility ABO.
p.23
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What classes of drugs are included in the current medical treatment of ulcerative colitis?
Corticosteroids, immunomodulators, antibiotics, and biological therapy.
p.12
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What investigations are required for a stroke patient in the first hour?
a) cerebral computed tomography, c) blood sugar level, d) blood count.
p.21
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What is the mortality rate associated with acute mesenteric ischemia (IMA)?
Mortality is not low; treatment is often not effective.
p.22
Colonic Diverticulitis
What does not include the clinical manifestations of complicated colonic diverticulitis?
e) the appearance of colon cancer.
p.5
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What does the radiological aspect of papillary necrosis represent?
The sign of the ring (ring shadows around detached papilla) and clubbed calyces (necrotic papilla).
p.15
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the common pathologies that can cause conductive hearing loss?
Pathology involving the external auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, and ossicular chain.
p.1
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is a common characteristic of lupus arthritis?
It is the most common clinical manifestation.
p.16
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are the indications for tonsillectomy?
Recurrent acute tonsillitis (6 episodes/year), recurrent acute tonsillitis (3 episodes/year), chronic tonsillitis, recurrent peritonsillar abscess, and suspicion of malignancy.
p.18
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
Which symptom is NOT characteristic of Crohn's disease?
The progressive evolution of symptoms.
p.17
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What typically causes vocal cord nodules?
They are secondary to vocal abuse.
p.30
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
Which statement is false regarding benign esophageal tumors?
c) The most common benign tumor is lipoma.
p.1
Pleuro-Pulmonary Involvement in Lupus
What type of dysfunction can occur in pleuro-pulmonary involvement in lupus?
Obstructive respiratory dysfunction.
p.3
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What are the histopathological changes in chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy?
Chronic cellular inflammatory infiltrate, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and interstitial edema.
p.19
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What characterizes Crohn's disease?
It is a chronic transmural inflammatory disease of the digestive tract.
p.27
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What arteries ensure the arterial vascularization of the esophagus?
Upper thyroid arteries, bronchial arteries, internal mammary arteries, inferior thyroid arteries.
p.24
Pleuro-Pulmonary Involvement in Lupus
How are right colon cancers typically characterized?
As exophytic lesions associated with occult hemorrhages, which can cause iron deficiency anemia.
p.3
Drug-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
What are the three most common classes of drugs that can cause hypersensitivity reactions with acute tubulointerstitial nephropathy?
Penicillins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Chinese herbs.
p.5
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
Can reflux nephropathy be unilateral?
Yes, it can be unilateral.
p.27
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are true statements about the use of the left colon for esophageal reconstruction?
It is used in an isoperistaltic manner and has the advantage of easy ascent to the level of the cervical esophagus.
p.13
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the characteristics of meningeal syndrome?
Headache, neck stiffness, fever.
p.4
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a false statement regarding analgesic nephropathy treatment?
NSAIDs can be administered.
p.19
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is the importance of nasogastric tube placement in SBO?
It is important for decompression.
p.11
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is true about CADASIL?
It is autosomal dominant inherited, characterized by cerebral infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.
p.23
Drug-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
What is Ogilvie syndrome?
Acute pseudo-occlusion of the colon.
p.23
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What are typical signs of acute pseudo-occlusion of the colon?
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and colon dilation on radiographs.
p.21
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
Why might a second laparotomy be required in acute mesenteric ischemia?
Due to complications or inadequate initial treatment.
p.4
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What is a common laboratory finding in chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy?
Mild proteinuria (<1g/day).
p.20
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What characterizes the clinical picture of AMI?
Disproportionate pain on clinical examination and risk factors like atrial fibrillation.
p.5
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What are the metabolic causes of chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy?
Balkan endemic nephropathy, Hyperoxaluria, Nephrocalcinosis, Hyperuricemia.
p.3
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What symptoms may be present in the clinical picture of drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy?
Patients may be asymptomatic, or present with fever, arthralgia, rash, oliguric renal failure, or hypertension.
p.1
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What type of joint involvement is typical in lupus arthritis?
Involvement of small joints.
p.20
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease more common with?
When colonic involvement is present.
p.1
Pleuro-Pulmonary Involvement in Lupus
What is a potential complication of vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Intrapulmonary hemorrhage.
p.20
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What are the major etiologies of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI)?
Embolism of the superior mesenteric artery, upper mesenteric artery thrombosis, splenic vein thrombosis, thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein, and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are the components of Fallot's tetralogy?
Ventricular septal defect (DSV), right ventricular hypertrophy (HVD), overriding aorta, and obstruction of right ventricular (VD) ejection.
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What local conditions might prevent anastomosis during colorectal surgery?
Stercoral peritonitis, unstable patient, or advanced condition.
p.13
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What causes extradural hemorrhage?
A tear in a branch of the middle meningeal artery.
p.16
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
What are the characteristics of fungal rhinosinusal infections?
Caused by Phycomycetes and Aspergillus, facial hyperaesthesia, seromucous nasal secretions, and necrosis of the nasal turbinates.
p.15
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the common symptoms of acute otitis media?
Otalgia, with either intact or perforated erythematous eardrum.
p.23
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Causes
What is a key characteristic of large bowel occlusion related to the ileo-cecal valve?
If competent, a 'closed loop' forms, leading to colonic distension.
p.30
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What statements are true regarding the ingestion of foreign bodies?
a) It is common in mentally ill children and adults; b) In adults, most cases involve impacting food; c) Most impacts occur in the cricopharyngeal muscle or in a peptic stricture in the distal esophagus; e) Symptoms include inability to swallow secretions, sialorrhea, and chest pain.
p.30
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What statements are true in the case of imaging exploration after ingestion of foreign bodies?
a) Simple cervical and thoracic radiography to rule out cervical and mediastinal emphysema; c) Cervical and thoracic CT scan provides useful information; d) Endoscopic examination should be performed under anesthesia.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What imaging examination can demonstrate the presence of a hydroaerial level in the mediastinum in patients with hiatal hernias?
Simple chest radiography.
p.19
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What are characteristic symptoms of Crohn's disease?
Diarrhea and weight loss.
p.21
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
What components do tumors of the small intestine originate from?
Epithelial and mesenchymal components of the intestine.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are physiological causes of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns?
Low excretion and failure of natural feeding.
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is a reason for performing an ileostomy or colostomy related to intestinal segments?
Absence of an intestinal segment necessary for performing an anastomosis.
Which statement about colon anatomy is false?
b) the distal third of the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid and the rectum develop embryologically from metenterone.
p.27
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What organs are used for esophageal reconstruction after resection for cancer?
The stomach, jejunum, ileum, large intestine, duodenum.
p.28
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a true statement about palliative treatment in esophageal cancer?
It relieves severe dysphagia.
p.3
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
Which viruses are known to cause tubulointerstitial nephropathy in immunocompromised patients?
Cytomegalovirus and Polyoma (BK).
p.10
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Causes
How is intracerebral hemorrhage immediately detected?
Cerebral computed tomography.
p.11
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What can cause cerebral veins and sinuses thrombosis?
Hypercoagulability states, arterial hypertension, thrombotic diseases, malignant diseases, diabetes mellitus.
p.30
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What statements are true about paraclinical examinations for diagnosing benign esophageal tumors?
a) Barium swallow highlights a mass with a smooth, well-defined contour that occupies the lumen of the esophagus; b) Diagnostic evaluation includes direct endoscopic visualization and echoendoscopy; d) Computed tomography is the method that brings valuable information in incipient tumors.
p.28
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What occurs in type I hiatal hernia?
The phenomenon of stomach prolapse in the chest occurs.
p.28
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What does type IV hiatal hernia involve?
Herniation of other organs such as the colon or spleen into the chest.
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What layers of the intestine does Ulcerative colitis affect?
The mucosa and submucosa.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What complication is associated with ventricular septal defect (DSV)?
Increased risk of endocarditis.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What prevents the development of anti-Rh antibodies?
Administration of Rho (D) immunoglobulin (RhoGAM) within the first 72 hours of life.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is a treatment option for mild cases of croup?
Steroids and antileukotriene (leukotriene receptor antagonist).
p.21
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
Are tumors of the small intestine easily diagnosed by simple abdominal radiography?
No, they are not easily diagnosed by simple abdominal radiography.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What indicates multiple episodes of seizures in 24 hours?
It classifies febrile seizures as complex.
p.25
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What does M0 indicate in the TNM staging system?
Without the presence of distant metastases.
p.16
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the manifestations of allergic rhinitis?
Nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, pruritus, and increased prevalence in children under 5 years old.
p.8
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What causes respiratory distress syndrome in newborns?
It is due to surfactant deficiency.
p.17
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is the appearance of vocal cord nodules?
They have a whitish appearance.
p.12
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the clinical signs for lacunar stroke?
a) pure motor hemiparesis, c) pure hemisensory syndrome, d) unilateral ataxia with sudden onset.
p.15
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a common cause of acute otitis media?
Eustachian tube dysfunction.
p.23
Pleuro-Pulmonary Involvement in Lupus
What happens if the ileo-cecal valve is incompetent in large bowel occlusion?
Signs and symptoms are similar to those of small bowel occlusion.
p.16
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Causes
What are the characteristics of acute laryngitis?
Usually viral etiology, dysphonia, erythematous vocal cords, self-limiting, and healing is not influenced by vocal rest.
p.21
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What complications are common in acute mesenteric ischemia?
Medical and surgical complications are common.
p.21
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What is frequently found in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia?
An extensive segment of necrotic intestine.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
When do anti-Rh antibodies cause severe hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes?
In subsequent pregnancies with Rh-positive fetuses.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
Do anti-Rh antibodies cause severe hemolysis in pregnancies with Rh-negative fetuses?
No, they do not cause severe hemolysis in Rh-negative fetuses.
p.14
Pleuro-Pulmonary Involvement in Lupus
What does the ostiomeatal complex at endonasal level consist of?
The anterior ethmoidal sinus and the middle meatus.
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are the indications for performing an ileostomy or colostomy?
After right hemicolectomy, healing of a distal anastomosis, or when anastomosis cannot be performed.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are common clinical presentations of bronchiolitis in infants?
Nasal congestion, respiratory distress, inspiratory stridor, wheezing, and prolonged expiration.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is the treatment for symptomatic patients with Zenker diverticulum?
Cricopharyngeal myotomy and diverticulectomy or diverticulopexy.
p.25
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is the surgical approach for rectal cancer?
Total rectocolectomy with primary anastomosis.
p.6
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What virus most commonly causes bronchiolitis in children?
Respiratory syncytial virus.
What does the initial clinical picture in ulcerative colitis depend on?
b) the extent of lesions in the colon and the severity of the disease.
p.13
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What can extradural hemorrhage produce in terms of pupil response?
Ipsilateral pupil dilation.
p.13
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What serious condition can result from extradural hemorrhage?
Rapid transtentorial herniation.
p.17
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
How are vocal cord nodules observed on the vocal cords?
Symmetrically on both vocal cords.
p.12
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the thrombolysis exclusion criteria?
a) thrombocytes < 100,000/mm³, b) creatinine > 3.5 mg/dL, c) blood sugar < 2.8 mmol/L or > 26.2 mmol/L, d) INR > 1.7 if treated with warfarin, e) systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg.
p.10
Drug-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Consciousness is based on which anatomic and physiologic system?
Ascending reticular activating system.
p.18
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are common signs and symptoms of small bowel obstruction?
Abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting.
p.12
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the characteristic clinical signs for subarachnoid hemorrhage?
a) severe headache, b) vomiting, d) positive Kernig sign.
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are the two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease?
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (BC).
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What factors contribute to the development of Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?
A combination of genetic and environmental factors.
p.23
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Hypothesis
When should endoscopic decompression be considered in acute pseudo-occlusion?
When neostigmine treatment is contraindicated or ineffective.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
Is barium swallow contraindicated in patients with hiatal hernias?
Yes, it is contraindicated.
p.20
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What is the gold standard for diagnosing AMI?
Mesenteric arteriography.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What can cause overproduction of bilirubin without hemolysis?
Hemorrhage and maternal-fetal transfusion.
p.25
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What characterizes grade I internal hemorrhoids?
Protrusion at the level of the anal lumen; does not prolapse outside the lumen.
p.25
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is the recommended follow-up for colorectal cancer in the first 2 years?
Anamnesis, physical examination, and CEA dosing every 3 months.
p.25
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is the role of technological advances in rectal cancer surgery?
They allow the resection of colon cancers to be done safely and effectively by minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery.
p.24
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What symptom is associated with rectal prolapse?
Rectal pain or sensation of anal pressure.
p.8
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a true statement about respiratory distress in newborns?
The debut takes place in the first 2 days after birth.
p.5
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What is a common radiological finding in reflux nephropathy?
Loss of cortical tissue in the area of the blunt calyces.
p.28
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a false statement regarding thoracic esophageal perforations?
Patients with Boerhave syndrome have a good prognosis.
p.8
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
Which statement about enuresis is true?
Most cases resolve by the age of 4 years.
p.15
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the optimal characteristics of inspired air?
Temperature of 37°C and 80% humidity.
p.20
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What types of manifestations are included in the extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease?
Ocular, ear, skin, and joint manifestations.
p.20
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
When is surgical treatment applied in Crohn's disease?
Only to complicated cases or those refractory to medical treatment.
p.17
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What are the first therapeutic options for malignant tumors of the larynx?
Surgery and radiotherapy.
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
Which parts of the digestive tract are affected by Ulcerative colitis?
Only the colon and rectum.
p.20
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
What is the main goal in the treatment of AMI?
To quickly restore intestinal blood flow.
p.25
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What does N2 indicate in the TNM staging system?
Metastases in more than 4 pericolic lymph nodes, or perirectal lymph nodes.
p.24
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is one argument for the malignant potential of colorectal polyps in adenomas?
Simultaneous occurrence of cancers and polyps in the same patient.
p.6
Drug-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
How is Hirschsprung's disease defined?
Absence of autonomic intestinal innervation.
p.11
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the characteristics of a vegetative state?
Normal respiration, maintained wake-sleep rhythm, inability to open eyes, presence of some reflex movements, patients are fed by gastrostomy.
p.23
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are the indications for surgical treatment in diverticular colonic disease?
Free perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage, and fistula.
p.3
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
Which systemic diseases may be associated with chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy?
Diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus/vasculitis, Balkan endemic nephropathy, Alport syndrome, and sarcoidosis.
p.16
Pleuro-Pulmonary Involvement in Lupus
What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?
Arytenoid and corniculate.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect (DSV).
p.4
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What is a potential outcome of Chinese herbs nephropathy?
Progression to chronic end-stage renal disease.
p.12
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the complications for subarachnoid hemorrhage?
a) obstructive hydrocephalus, c) vasospasm.
p.19
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What are common manifestations of Crohn's disease?
Lesions such as 'cobblestone', formation of fistulas or abscesses, and pain in the right lower quadrant.
p.20
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is a potential complication of surgical treatment for Crohn's disease?
Short bowel syndrome can sometimes occur.
p.23
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
When is surgical treatment reserved in cases of pseudo-acute occlusion of the colon?
For cases complicated by colonic ischemia, perforation, or refractory dilation.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
Which viruses are etiological agents of croup in children?
Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and adenovirus.
p.21
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
How can tumors of the small intestine affect intestinal function?
They can act as starting points for invagination.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What treatments are available for bronchiolitis in infants?
Nasal aspiration, humidification of the air, and adequate hydration.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a characteristic of the Zenker diverticulum?
It is a pocket-like structure.
What artery supplies the anal canal and anal sphincter?
a) inferior hemorrhoidal artery originating from the internal pudendal artery, branch of the internal iliac artery.
p.11
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What conditions can mimic a coma state?
Psychogenic coma, sleep, 'locked-in' syndrome, catatonia, severe palsy.
p.8
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
In which group are respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn most commonly present?
Premature newborns, especially before 30 weeks of gestation.
p.19
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are some extrinsic causes of small bowel occlusion (SBO)?
Postoperative adhesions, strangled inguinal and umbilical hernias, peritoneal carcinomatosis, biliary ileus, and volvulus.
p.16
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What symptoms can neoplasms of the tonsillar fossa cause?
Hemoptysis, dysphagia, odynophagia, trismus, and dyspnea.
p.28
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What should be the approach to non-operative treatment of thoracic esophageal perforations?
Non-operative treatment should be the exception and not the rule.
p.19
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is the initial treatment approach for SBO?
Hydro-electrolytic rebalancing.
p.15
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What are the manifestations of acute viral rhinitis?
Nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is the primary abnormality in achalasia?
A degenerative disease of Aurbach plexus.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What type of seizure can classify febrile seizures as complex?
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
p.25
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What happens to the resection piece of colon or rectal cancer?
It is sent to the pathologist for staging.
p.15
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
Which conditions are associated with pulsatile tinnitus?
Glomus tympanicum, glomus jugulare, intracerebral aneurysms.
p.11
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What characterizes a transient ischemic attack?
Cerebral or retinal temporary ischemia, duration less than 24 hours, complete recovery.
p.3
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What are the true statements about acute tubulointerstitial nephropathy with uveitis?
It occurs frequently in childhood and more frequently in women.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
Which congenital heart defect is most common in Down syndrome?
Ventricular septal defect (DSV).
p.30
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
Which statements are true regarding the ingestion of caustic substances?
a) May be accidental in children; b) Represents a medical emergency; e) The long-term complication is the formation of stenoses.
p.21
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
Is prolonged hospitalization in the intensive care unit common for acute mesenteric ischemia?
There can be prolonged hospitalization in the intensive care unit.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is considered the gold standard for imaging the upper digestive tract?
The upper digestive tract with contrast substance.
p.21
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
What symptoms can tumors of the small intestine cause?
Obstructive symptoms or bleeding.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a false statement regarding the treatment of hiatal hernias?
In tarred patients, a simple reduction of the stomach and gastropexy are preferred.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
Is endoscopy important for the diagnosis of achalasia?
No, endoscopy is not important for diagnosis.
p.25
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is the prognosis for colorectal cancer regarding recurrences?
Most recurrences occur in the first 18-24 months, making patient supervision extremely important.
p.25
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is the safety margin for rectal cancer surgery?
The rectum is removed with a safety margin of 5 mm distal to the tumor.
p.4
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
What is a correct statement about acute tubulointerstitial nephropathy caused by Hanta virus?
It appears as a complication of systemic infection.
p.12
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is a subdural hematoma?
a) a blood collection in the subdural space, c) caused by a tear in a cerebral bridging vein, e) appears after traumatic head injury.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What syndrome can occur in the absence of treatment for ventricular septal defect?
Eisenmenger syndrome (irreversible).
p.26
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
Where is Crohn's disease typically located?
In the small and large intestine, usually near the ileocecal valve.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What additional information does a CT scan provide in cases of hiatal hernias?
Additional details about the anatomy of the hernia.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What can increased hemolysis in newborns be due to?
ABO maternal-fetal incompatibility.
p.25
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What is the definition of grade II internal hemorrhoids?
Prolapses during defecation and decreases spontaneously.
p.25
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
How are grade III internal hemorrhoids defined?
Prolapses during defecation and is reduced manually.
p.25
Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What does T4 indicate in the TNM staging system?
Tumor that directly invades other nearby organs or structures or perforates the visceral peritoneum.
p.2
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Hypothesis
What is the main hypothesis regarding the etiopathogenesis of Balkan endemic nephropathy?
d) intoxication by ingestion of aristolochic acid.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What causes severe hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes in the first pregnancy?
Anti-Rh antibodies do not cause severe hemolysis at initial interaction.
p.21
Viral Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
Are tumors of the small intestine common?
They are not very common despite the length of the intestine.
p.20
Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
Why are antibiotics frequently given in AMI treatment?
Due to the risk of intestinal necrosis.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What liver abnormalities can lead to hyperbilirubinemia?
Gilbert syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome.
p.25
Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
When is a colonoscopy routinely performed after colorectal cancer surgery?
At 1 year and 4 years postoperatively, then every 5 years.
p.9
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What does Rho (D) immunoglobulin (RhoGAM) do for future pregnancies?
It protects future pregnancies from hemolytic disease.
p.7
Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What severe treatment is used for croup?
Epinephrine plus corticosteroids.
p.29
Clinical Picture of Drug-Induced Nephropathy
What is the main symptom of achalasia?
Progressive dysphagia in solids and then in liquids.
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Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy Associations
What does T2 indicate in the TNM staging system for colorectal cancer?
The tumor invades through the muscular layer in the serosa or in the nonperitonealized dangerous or perirectal tissue.
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Acute Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Treatment
Which statement about the treatment of acute hyperuricemic nephropathy is false?
c) limiting water intake.
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Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
Can congenital heart malformations cause hyperbilirubinemia?
Yes, conditions like patent ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot can contribute.
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Reactive Arthritis Etiologies
What prolonged condition can classify febrile seizures as complex?
Prolonged postictal status or focal deficit.
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Lupus Arthritis Characteristics
What is indicated when a rectal tumor invades the anal sphincter?
Low rectal resection with colo-anal anastomosis.
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Drug-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
What additional lesions can drug administration cause in tubulointerstitial nephritis?
a) minimal lesions glomerulopathy.
