p.7
Developmental Anatomy of the Upper Limb
Where do ventral muscles lie in relation to long bones in anatomical position?
Anterior to the long bones.
What is the primary function of the interossei muscles in the hand?
They help the lumbricals to extend the IP joints and flex the MCP joints.
p.8
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What are the divisions of the Brachial Plexus?
Anterior (ventral) division and Posterior (dorsal) division.
p.26
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What is the primary function of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?
Wrist flexion and radial deviation.
What are the three muscles associated with the pinky?
Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi.
p.3
Developmental Anatomy of the Upper Limb
What are limbs considered as in relation to the body?
Outgrowths of the ventral body wall.
p.7
Developmental Anatomy of the Upper Limb
Where do dorsal muscles lie in relation to long bones in anatomical position?
Posterior to the long bones.
p.18
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the Thoracodorsal Nerve?
Supplies the Latissimus dorsi.
p.16
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What does the acronym MMMMU represent in the Medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Ulnar nerve, and Medial root of Median nerve.
p.16
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What nerves are included in the Posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Lower subscapular nerve, Upper subscapular nerve, Nerve to latissimus dorsi, Axillary nerve, and Radial nerve.
p.16
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What are the components of the Lateral cord in the brachial plexus?
Lateral Pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, and lateral root of Median nerve.
p.8
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What are the cords of the Brachial Plexus?
Lateral (Lat), Posterior (Post), Medial (Med).
p.16
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the Musculocutaneous nerve?
It innervates muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm.
p.16
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the pectoral muscles?
Lateral Pectoral nerve and Medial pectoral nerve.
p.11
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the nerve supply for the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7).
p.4
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What is the anterior compartment of the forearm responsible for?
Flexion of the wrist and fingers.
p.13
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What is the primary structure discussed in this content?
Brachial Plexus (branches).
p.23
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What are the two types of layers in the flexor compartment?
Superficial and Deep layers.
p.10
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What nerves are included in the Posterior cord of the Brachial plexus?
Lower subscapular nerve, Upper subscapular nerve, Nerve to latissimus dorsi, Axillary nerve, Radial nerve.
p.12
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which muscles are supplied by the Lower Subscapular Nerve?
Subscapularis and teres major.
p.8
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What are the trunks of the Brachial Plexus?
Upper (U), Middle (M), Lower (L).
What are the two types of interossei muscles in the hand?
Palmar interossei and dorsal interossei.
p.19
Muscle Compartments of the Arm
What are the two compartments of the arm muscles?
Anterior and Posterior compartments.
p.4
Anatomy of Upper Limb Compartments
Which metacarpal is referred to as the 5th metacarpal?
The bone associated with the little finger.
p.23
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerves supply the flexor compartment of the forearm?
Median nerve, Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN), and Ulnar nerve.
p.10
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What does the acronym MMMMU represent in the Medial cord of the Brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Ulnar nerve, Medial root of Median nerve.
p.12
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What is unique about the Upper Subscapular Nerve?
It is smaller and frequently double.
p.2
Clinical Importance of Anatomical Relations
What is the clinical importance of understanding nerves and blood vessels in the upper limb?
It helps in diagnosing and treating injuries and conditions affecting the upper limb.
p.25
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which muscle is innervated by the Ulnar nerve and is part of the deep muscles of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half).
Which nerve innervates the Adductor pollicis?
Ulnar nerve (deep branch).
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
p.23
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What are the two main compartments of the forearm?
Flexor Compartment and Posterior Extensor Compartment.
p.27
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What is the function of the Extensor carpi radialis Longus?
Wrist extension and abduction.
p.10
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What are the components of the Lateral cord of the Brachial plexus?
Lateral Pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of Median nerve.
p.11
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What muscles are supplied by the suprascapular nerve?
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
p.28
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
Where is the lateral epicondyle located?
At the outer part of the elbow, serving as an origin point for several extensor muscles.
p.26
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What is the role of the Brachioradialis?
Flexes the elbow, especially when the forearm is in a mid-pronated position.
p.5
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
Which muscles are present in the anterolateral aspect of the forearm?
Brachioradialis and supinator.
p.4
Clinical Importance of Anatomical Relations
What is the significance of the stern in gross anatomy?
It serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments.
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerves are responsible for innervating the subscapularis muscles?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves.
p.14
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerve innervates the pectoralis muscles?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
p.18
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which muscles are innervated by the Subscapular Nerves?
Subscapularis and Teres major.
p.4
Anatomy of Upper Limb Compartments
Where is the posterior radius found?
At the back of the forearm.
p.23
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
Where do most superficial flexors of the forearm originate?
From a common origin at the medial epicondyle.
p.26
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What is the significance of the Medial Epicondyle?
It serves as the origin for several forearm flexors.
What are lumbricals responsible for in the hand?
Flexing the MCP joints and extending the IP joints.
p.6
Motor Innervation Patterns in the Upper Limb
What is the primary function of the radial nerve?
Motor innervation to the posterior compartment.
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the role of the thoracodorsal nerve?
Innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle.
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the ulnar nerve?
Innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand and provides sensation to the medial side of the hand.
p.7
Developmental Anatomy of the Upper Limb
What is the essential rule regarding ventral and dorsal limb muscles?
Ventral muscles lie anteriorly, while dorsal muscles lie posteriorly.
p.19
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (MCN).
p.2
Brachial Plexus Structure and Function
What is the brachial plexus?
A network of nerves that supplies the upper limb.
p.25
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the nerve supply for Flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior interosseous nerve (Median).
p.11
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the significance of the long thoracic nerve?
It supplies the serratus anterior muscle.
What are the two types of interossei muscles in the hand?
Palmar and Dorsal Interossei.
p.25
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm is primarily responsible for flexing the fingers?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
p.14
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the role of the long thoracic nerve?
Innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
p.18
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What sensory supply does the Axillary Nerve provide?
Skin of the lower part covering the deltoid.
p.13
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?
Deltoid and teres minor muscles.
p.4
Anatomy of Upper Limb Compartments
What is the location of the anterior humerus?
It is located at the front of the upper arm.
p.12
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which muscles does the Lateral Pectoral Nerve supply?
Pectoralis major and minor.
What movements do the palmar interossei facilitate?
Adduction of the fingers.
p.28
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What is the role of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
To extend and abduct the wrist.
p.26
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
Which muscle is deep to other flexors in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis.
p.19
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (MCN).
p.23
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What are the two types of layers in the posterior extensor compartment?
Superficial and Deep layers.
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial arm?
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve.
p.27
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extensor carpi radialis Longus & Brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris.
p.2
Muscle Compartments of the Arm
What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Muscles such as biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis, along with associated nerves and blood vessels.
p.27
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which muscles are innervated by the Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN)?
Supinator, Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor indicis.
p.6
Essential of Gross Anatomy
What is the essential focus of gross anatomy in relation to the upper limb?
Understanding the muscle compartments and their innervation.
p.14
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the axillary nerve?
Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
p.26
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
Where is the Flexor Retinaculum located?
It is a fibrous band on the anterior wrist.
p.19
Muscle Compartments of the Arm
What is the primary function of the posterior compartment muscles?
Extensors of the forearm.
p.2
Muscle Compartments of the Arm
What are the contents of the posterior compartment of the arm?
Muscles such as triceps brachii and associated nerves and blood vessels.
p.26
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm
What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation.
p.25
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the nerve supply for Pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous nerve (Median).
p.6
Muscle Compartments of the Arm
What is the significance of the posterior compartment of the arm?
It is primarily innervated by the radial nerve.
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerve innervates the pectoralis major and minor muscles?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
p.19
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerve innervates the brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (MCN).
p.23
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerves supply the posterior extensor compartment of the forearm?
Radial nerve and Posterior Interosseous nerve.
p.25
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the nerve supply for Flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half)?
Anterior interosseous nerve (Median).
p.12
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm?
It provides cutaneous sensation.
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the role of the nerve to subclavius?
Innervates the subclavius muscle.
p.16
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the role of the Axillary nerve?
It innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
What movements do the dorsal interossei facilitate?
Abduction of the fingers.
p.6
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
Which nerves innervate the 5th metacarpal?
Ulnar nerve and Median nerve.
p.5
Anatomy of Upper Limb Compartments
What is notable about the posterior compartment in the hand?
There is no posterior compartment in the hand.
p.14
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
What is the function of Teres Minor?
Moves the arm and originates on the scapula.
p.6
Motor Innervation Patterns in the Upper Limb
What is the primary function of the ulnar nerve?
Motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
p.15
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the function of the long thoracic nerve?
Innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
p.14
Nerve Supply to Upper Limb Muscles
What is the significance of the ulnar nerve?
Innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
