p.1
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What is the focus of Lecture 1 in SW220?
Introduction to the Historical Development of Social Work with Groups.
p.2
Types of Groups in Social Work
What types of groups are involved in social work?
Small treatment and task groups.
p.3
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What does group work in social work involve?
The deliberate use of intervention strategies and group processes to achieve individual, group, and community goals.
p.12
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What was the professional status of workers running social services in the first stage?
They were civil servants of a non-professional grade.
p.6
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
Where did group work primarily develop?
In British and American settlement houses.
p.2
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the primary goal of social work with groups?
To engage in goal-directed activity aimed at meeting socio-emotional needs and accomplishing tasks.
p.4
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What context is emphasized in social work with groups?
Person-in-situation context.
p.4
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the progression of concerns in social work with groups?
From individual to group to community concerns.
p.8
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What was the relationship between case work and group work during this period?
Group work was greatly influenced by case work, adopting its theories and approaches.
p.23
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What aspects should be determined about the group sessions?
The number of sessions required.
p.8
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What methods were used in the development of the therapeutic group model?
Case study, diagnosis, and treatment.
p.11
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the main characteristic of the Reciprocal Model?
Partners who work together sharing common concerns.
p.26
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
How does effective communication benefit a group worker?
It facilitates clear expression of ideas and fosters open dialogue among group members.
p.15
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What social work skills gained importance in the 1970s?
Group work and community development.
p.5
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What does the acronym PIE stand for in social work?
Person-In-Environment, focusing on environment and life changes.
p.5
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the difference between needs and problems in social work?
Needs refer to what individuals require, while problems refer to difficulties they face.
p.9
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What skills should a professional helper ideally possess in assisting clients?
Skills in both direct and indirect service roles.
p.23
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What should be considered regarding the group's specific needs?
Who will be addressed and how many participants are involved.
p.7
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What year did group work become a formal social work approach?
1946, after Grace Coyle's speech at the National Conference of Social Work.
p.25
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
How do goals relate to the project's Big Picture?
Goals outline the outcome of the project’s Big Picture.
p.22
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What does informed decision and self-determination refer to in social work ethics?
Empowering clients to make their own choices based on adequate information.
p.22
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What is the significance of confidentiality in social work?
It protects client privacy and builds trust.
p.15
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What alternative titles did some social workers adopt in the mid-1970s?
Group workers or community organizers.
p.13
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
When did the definition and scope of social welfare become clearer in Hong Kong?
In 1965, with the publication of a White Paper on Social Welfare.
p.4
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
How are group activities in social work planned?
They are planned orderly and carried out in the context of professional practice.
p.25
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What does SMART stand for in performance objectives?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound.
p.2
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
In what context is social work with groups conducted?
Within a system of service delivery and a larger community and societal environment.
p.9
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
Which social movements in the 1960s utilized group work as a means of social action?
Civil Rights Movement, War on Poverty, and Welfare Mother’s Right Movement.
p.5
Group Dynamics and Interactions
What are the key components of group dynamics in social work?
Interactions among group members.
p.12
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What are the two stages of social work professional development in Hong Kong?
First stage: 1945 to early 1970s; Second stage: 1970s to now.
p.23
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What methods should be identified for the group?
The specific methods to be used in the group work.
p.3
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What principles guide group work in social work?
The value base and ethical practice principles of the social work profession.
p.9
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What are the three models of group work classified by Papell and Rothman in 1966?
Social Goals Model, Remedial Model, and Reciprocal Model.
p.25
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
How are goals typically described?
Goals might be described in a broader manner.
p.13
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What four public services did the Hong Kong government prioritize in its annual report during the 1950s?
Housing, education, health, and clean water supply.
p.21
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What do social workers recognize as central to their practice?
The importance of human relationships.
p.17
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What does psychodynamic theory analyze in group members?
How their unresolved conflicts from early life experiences affect their behavior in the group.
p.15
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What significant change occurred at Hong Kong Shu Yan College in 2006?
It became the first private university in Hong Kong and articulated its social work program to bachelor level.
p.11
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the primary focus of the Social Goals Model?
To address the needs of citizens, neighborhood, and community residents.
p.7
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
How does casework differ from group work in terms of focus?
Casework focuses on psychodynamic aspects, while group work focuses on group dynamics.
p.12
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What role did the Hong Kong Government play in social work during the first stage?
The government provided relief for the poor and prevented exploitation of women and children.
p.9
Theories and Methods in Group Work
Who developed the fourth model of group work in 1965?
Bernstein, who developed the Developmental Model.
p.9
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What does the Generic Approach in social work refer to?
A social worker trained to understand and respond to a wide range of individual, family, small group, and community needs.
p.15
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
Which institutions provided social work diploma and certificate courses since 1977?
Hong Kong Polytechnic, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong Baptist College.
p.18
Types of Groups in Social Work
What are the two main types of groups in social work?
Natural and Formed groups.
p.28
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
Why is it important to review and revisit learned material?
To reinforce understanding and retention of knowledge.
p.24
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
How are roles and responsibilities assigned in a group?
Based on what needs to be done to accomplish the group's goals.
p.23
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What resources need to be considered for the group?
The necessary resources to support the group activities.
p.24
Group Dynamics and Interactions
How are conflicts among group members resolved?
Based on what helps the group achieve its goals.
p.21
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What do values delineate?
Preferences about how one ought to behave.
p.5
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What is essential for effective interventions in social work with groups?
Theories, methods, and approaches.
p.21
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What affects a worker's value actions in a group?
Contextual values, member value systems, and the worker’s personal value system.
p.13
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
How did people in Hong Kong perceive social work in its early days?
As a job for a salary, primarily involving handing out relief.
p.14
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What was the significance of the compulsory registration system established for social workers?
It recognized social work as a profession requiring special training and established its professional status.
p.10
Types of Groups in Social Work
In which settings is the Social Goals Model typically applied?
Settlement houses and neighborhood center settings.
p.18
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the purpose of Treatment Conferences in group work?
To address client needs and treatment planning.
p.28
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the purpose of consolidation and reflection in learning?
To review and revisit what has been learned or gained.
p.11
Types of Groups in Social Work
Who does the Remedial Model primarily serve?
Clients who are not functioning adequately and need help coping with life’s tasks.
p.5
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What can social work with groups be regarded as?
Roles of Workers or Leaders, Leadership Styles, Group Stages, Group Members, Group Dynamics, Values and Ethics, and more.
p.11
Group Dynamics and Interactions
How does the Reciprocal Model facilitate group dynamics?
By promoting shared authority where members discuss concerns and support one another.
p.14
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What challenges did social welfare development face after Hong Kong's return to China in 1997?
Development grew slowly due to financial crises and resource exploitation challenges.
p.10
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the purpose of the Remedial Model?
To restore and rehabilitate group members who are having dysfunctions.
p.8
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
How did Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory influence group work practice?
It shifted the focus from solution-focused approaches to individual psychological needs.
p.2
Group Dynamics and Interactions
Who does the activity in social work with groups target?
Individual members of the group and the group as a whole.
p.25
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the difference between goals and objectives?
Goals are broad, long-term outcomes, while objectives are tangible results of short-term activities that address the project goals.
p.3
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What is a key characteristic of group work according to social work methods?
Social workers assist group participants in developing personal potential and learning to solve problems.
p.6
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
Who established the British YMCA and when?
Sir George Williams in 1844.
p.11
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What skills do members acquire in the Social Goals Model?
Instructional skills about social action and communal living and change.
p.17
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What significant development occurred in social work in groups by the end of the 1980s?
The introduction of various group theories and methods.
p.21
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What is the goal of social workers in relation to human relationships?
To strengthen relationships among people to promote well-being.
p.16
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What types of groups were group work approaches used in during the golden age?
Volunteer groups, leadership training, and self-programming groups.
p.17
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What do constructivist and narrative theories suggest about group members?
They construct life stories and personal narratives through language and experience.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the purpose of personal-growth groups?
To facilitate individual personal development.
p.7
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What organization was founded in 1936 related to group work?
The National Association for the Study of Group Work.
p.12
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What characterized the first stage of social work in Hong Kong?
Indigenous groups like Tung Wah Group of Hospitals and Po Leung Kuk, with workers mostly being kind-hearted volunteers.
p.12
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
How were social work volunteers perceived in the first stage?
They were highly regarded for providing sacrificial service, though their motives were often questioned.
p.22
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What is one key responsibility of social workers according to the Practice Ethics?
To uphold ethical standards in their practice.
p.25
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What do objectives illustrate in relation to project goals?
Objectives illustrate the body of singular activities that deliver distinctive results aligned with the project’s goal.
p.26
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What role does patience play in group work?
It allows the group worker to handle diverse personalities and conflicts calmly.
p.21
Values and Ethics in Social Work
According to Rokeach (1968), what do values refer to?
A goal that is worth attaining.
p.10
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the primary focus of the Social Goals Model?
Social consciousness, social responsibility, informed citizenship, and social action.
p.5
Evaluation and Outcomes
What type of evaluation is important in social work?
Evidence-based evaluation.
p.18
Types of Groups in Social Work
What type of group focuses on personal development and mutual support?
Self-help/Mutual-aid groups.
p.10
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What role does the group worker play in the Social Goals Model?
Role model and enabler for responsible citizenship.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What do training groups aim to achieve?
Skill development and training.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the purpose of advocacy groups?
To promote social change and support specific causes.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What types of groups use creative methods like art and music?
Art, music, dance, and drama groups.
p.3
Therapeutic Processes in Group Work
What is the therapeutic process in social work with groups?
Helping people learn about themselves to make constructive behavioral and life changes.
p.24
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
On what basis are the efficiency and usefulness of group procedures evaluated?
On how they facilitate goal accomplishment.
p.11
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What methods are used in the Social Goals Model?
Discussion, participation, consensus, and community organizing.
p.3
Therapeutic Processes in Group Work
What challenges do participants learn to overcome in group work?
Emotional and behavioral difficulties.
p.25
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What constraints must objectives meet?
Objectives must meet the limits of time, budget, and quality.
p.9
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What insight led to the integration of case, group, and mass works into direct practice?
The insight of System Theory.
p.17
Theories and Methods in Group Work
How does field theory view a group?
As an evolving entity of opposing forces that influence members' participation and goal achievement.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the focus of anti-addictions groups?
Support for individuals dealing with addictions such as drugs, alcohol, and gambling.
p.7
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What significant event in group work practice occurred in 1927?
Wilbur Newsteter and Walter Pettit started using the name 'group work' at the National Conference of Social Work and designed a formal university training course.
p.24
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What are group goals?
Guides for action that help plan and coordinate the efforts of group members.
p.26
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What are some key characteristics a group worker should have?
Empathy, communication skills, patience, and adaptability.
p.26
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
Why is empathy important for a group worker?
It helps in understanding and connecting with group members' feelings and experiences.
p.21
Practice Values and Ethics in Group Work
What influences practice values in social work?
A system of personal and professional values.
p.14
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What significant change occurred in 1972 regarding social work qualifications in Hong Kong?
Only university graduates with a degree in social work became eligible to apply for Social Welfare Officer (SWO) positions.
p.14
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
How did the economic growth in Hong Kong during the 1970s and 1980s affect social welfare services?
Social welfare services expanded rapidly, increasing the demand for social workers.
p.17
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What does systems theory help to understand in group work?
The group as a system of interacting elements.
p.10
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What does the Reciprocal Model aim to achieve?
To form a mutual aid system among group members for optimum adaptation and socialization.
p.10
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is the focus of work in the Social Goals Model?
Larger society and individuals within the context of the neighborhood and social environment.
p.18
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What is the role of the Board of Directors in group governance?
To oversee organizational needs and strategic direction.
p.18
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What type of group focuses on team development and staff growth?
Teams and Staff Development groups.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What are experiential groups focused on?
Developmental experiences.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What do counseling groups provide?
Support and guidance for personal issues.
p.22
Values and Ethics in Social Work
Why is cultural awareness important for social workers?
It helps in understanding and respecting diverse backgrounds.
p.15
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
Why was group work practiced on a larger scale in the 1970s?
It was perceived as most appropriate for solving young people's problems through group dynamics.
p.15
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What was the mainstream practice of social workers by the mid-1970s?
Casework, particularly in family services.
p.22
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What ethical issue is raised by sexual relationships in social work?
They can exploit the power imbalance between social workers and clients.
p.21
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What is the purpose of social work according to the Social Workers Registration Board (2010)?
To prevent and relieve hardship and suffering.
p.10
Types of Groups in Social Work
What type of settings are compatible with the Remedial Model?
Formal agency settings, clinical outpatient or inpatient settings.
p.10
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What is the role of the group worker in the Remedial Model?
Change agent who engages in study, diagnosis, and treatment to help group members attain individual treatment goals.
p.18
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What is the purpose of Delegate Councils in group work?
To represent and address community needs.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the role of therapeutic groups?
To provide treatment and support for mental health issues.
p.11
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What methods are employed in the Remedial Model?
Structured exercises and direct and indirect influence to help members change behavior patterns.
p.26
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
Why is adaptability a crucial characteristic for a group worker?
It enables the worker to respond to changing dynamics and needs within the group.
p.14
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What was the impact of the shortage of social workers in the 1980s?
It led to the creation of a new 'assistant' level (SWA) below the officer grade (SWO) in 1981.
p.22
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What are conflicts of interest in the context of social work?
Situations where a social worker's personal interests may interfere with their professional duties.
p.6
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What important concepts were widely spread during this period?
Social justice and self-help.
p.16
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What significant event in 1985 influenced group work approaches?
An international youth conference that advocated three levels of intervention.
p.10
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What is the role of the group worker in the Reciprocal Model?
Mediator between the needs of members and the needs of the group and the larger society.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What do parenting groups aim to support?
Parents in their roles and responsibilities.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the goal of solution-focused groups?
To find solutions to specific problems.
p.13
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What was the primary task of social work in Hong Kong during the 1950s?
Helping refugees fleeing from China.
p.6
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What types of members did the British YMCA serve?
New arrivals, low financial and social status individuals, chronic patients, and those suffering from bad habits.
p.6
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
When were the American YMCA and YWCA established?
American YMCA in 1851 and YWCA in 1866.
p.13
Evolution of Social Work in Hong Kong
What term was commonly used to refer to social workers in Hong Kong?
Fu lei yuan (Welfare workers).
p.6
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What significant development occurred in Boston in 1868?
The establishment of the first play garden for children in a government school.
p.16
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What are the three levels of intervention approaches adopted by NGOs?
Personal development, interpersonal development, and community connections.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What are process groups designed for?
Long-term support and task-oriented activities.
p.6
Historical Development of Social Work with Groups
What skills were already being applied in group work by this time?
Empowerment and advocacy.
p.16
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What was the primary role of social workers in group work during the 70s and 80s?
Mainly a resource provider with no 'professional intervention'.
p.16
Roles and Leadership in Group Work
What was the outcome of adopting the three levels of intervention in group work?
The leading role in groups was transmitted from group members to social workers.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the focus of interest groups?
Common interests and social activities.
p.17
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What emphasis does learning theory place in social work?
Clear and specific goal setting, step-by-step treatment planning, measurable treatment outcomes, and evaluation.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What is the focus of self-care groups?
Promoting individual well-being and self-care practices.
p.17
Theories and Methods in Group Work
What does social exchange theory focus on?
The behavior of individual group members and how they seek rewards through social interaction.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What do cognitive behavioral groups focus on?
Changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.
p.17
Values and Ethics in Social Work
What is the goal of empowerment and strength-based approaches in group work?
To help members overcome restrictive life experiences and understand them as products of an unsupportive environment.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What do volunteer groups focus on?
Community service and volunteerism.
p.10
Goals and Objectives of Group Work
What is a key focus of the Remedial Model?
Alleviating problems or concerns and improving coping skills.
p.19
Types of Groups in Social Work
What do self-help groups provide?
Mutual support among individuals facing similar challenges.
