p.5
Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina
What is the conus medullaris?
The conical lower end of the spinal cord.
p.17
Meninges and Their Functions
What are the features on both sides of the pia mater?
Denticulate (toothed) Ligaments.
p.5
Spinal Cord Segments and Enlargements
What are the segments of the spinal cord?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal segments.
p.10
Dermatomes and Myotomes
What are dermatomes?
Dermatomes are areas of skin that are mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve.
p.14
Meninges and Their Functions
What is the internal vertebral venous plexus?
A network of veins located in the epidural space.
p.19
Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina
What is the conus medullaris?
The conus medullaris is the end of the spinal cord.
p.18
Spinal Nerves and Their Components
What are the components of spinal nerves?
Rootlets, roots, and rami.
p.9
Dermatomes and Myotomes
What is a dermatome?
A dermatome is a part of the skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve.
p.14
Meninges and Their Functions
What are the three main components of the meninges?
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater.
p.10
Dermatomes and Myotomes
Which spinal nerve supplies the area around the neck and shoulders?
The cervical spinal nerves.
p.19
External Features of the Spinal Cord
How does the length of the spinal cord compare to the vertebral column?
The spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column.
p.9
Dermatomes and Myotomes
What is a myotome?
A myotome is a part of the muscle that is supplied by a single spinal nerve.
p.8
Spinal Nerves and Their Components
What is the function of the dorsal root ganglia?
It contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons.
p.14
Meninges and Their Functions
What type of fluid is found in the subdural space?
A very thin film of serous fluid.
p.10
Dermatomes and Myotomes
What is the significance of dermatomes in clinical diagnosis?
Dermatomes help in diagnosing the level of spinal cord or nerve root damage based on sensory loss or pain in specific skin areas.
p.18
Internal Features of the Spinal Cord
What is the composition of grey matter in the spinal cord?
It consists of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.
p.10
Dermatomes and Myotomes
Which spinal nerve supplies the area around the buttocks and back of the legs?
The sacral spinal nerves.
p.18
Internal Features of the Spinal Cord
What are sulci in the context of the spinal cord?
Grooves or furrows on the surface of the spinal cord.
p.8
Spinal Nerves and Their Components
What type of fibers does the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve contain?
Both motor and sensory fibers.
p.11
Meninges and Their Functions
What are the three membranes collectively known as the meninges?
Pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.
p.6
Internal Features of the Spinal Cord
What are the three main columns of white matter in the spinal cord?
Anterior column, Posterior column, Lateral column.
p.17
Meninges and Their Functions
What is the anterior feature of the pia mater?
Linea Splendens (shining).
p.15
Meninges and Their Functions
What is found in the subarachnoid space?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal blood vessels.
p.19
Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina
What is the cauda equina?
The cauda equina consists of spinal nerves below L1.
p.18
Spinal Cord Segments and Enlargements
What are the enlargements of the spinal cord?
Regions where the spinal cord is wider due to the presence of additional neurons.
p.18
Meninges and Their Functions
What is the pia mater?
The innermost layer of the meninges, closely adhering to the surface of the spinal cord.
p.5
Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina
What is the cauda equina?
A bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets, resembling a horse's tail.
p.6
Internal Features of the Spinal Cord
What is the function of the lateral horn in the spinal cord's grey matter?
Autonomic nervous system function.
p.10
Dermatomes and Myotomes
Which spinal nerve supplies the area around the lower back and hips?
The lumbar spinal nerves.
p.19
Spinal Cord Segments and Enlargements
What is a segment in the spinal cord?
A segment is a part of the spinal cord that gives rise to a single spinal nerve.
p.18
Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina
What is the cauda equina?
A bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets, extending from the conus medullaris.
p.18
External Features of the Spinal Cord
What is the subarachnoid septum?
A partition in the subarachnoid space on the posterior side of the spinal cord.
p.5
Spinal Cord Segments and Enlargements
What are the two main enlargements of the spinal cord?
Cervical and Lumbar enlargements.
p.11
Meninges and Their Functions
What structures do the meninges surround?
The brain and spinal cord.
p.14
Meninges and Their Functions
What is found in the epidural space?
Loose areolar connective tissue, semiliquid fat, and the internal vertebral venous plexus.
p.18
Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina
What is the conus medullaris?
The tapered, lower end of the spinal cord.
p.18
Denticulate Ligaments and Filum Terminale
What are denticulate ligaments?
Extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater.
p.6
Internal Features of the Spinal Cord
What are the main sulci found in the spinal cord's horizontal section?
Anterior Median Fissure, Posterior Median Sulcus, Anterio- and Posterolateral Sulci.
p.3
Denticulate Ligaments and Filum Terminale
What is the function of the filum terminale?
It anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
p.3
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Lumbar Cistern
What is the significance of the lumbar cistern?
It contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
p.15
Meninges and Their Functions
What is the arachnoid matter?
A layer of the meninges located between the dura mater and the pia mater.
p.19
Spinal Cord Segments and Enlargements
What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord?
Cervical (C3-T2 segments) and Lumbar (L1-S3 segments).
p.3
Meninges and Their Functions
What layers are shown surrounding the spinal cord in the 14-week fetus?
Pia mater and dura arachnoid.
p.15
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Lumbar Cistern
What is the significance of the lumbar cistern for medical procedures?
It is a good site for lumbar puncture.
p.18
Internal Features of the Spinal Cord
What is the central canal in the spinal cord?
A small, hollow channel that runs through the center of the spinal cord.
p.18
Internal Features of the Spinal Cord
What is the composition of white matter in the spinal cord?
It consists of myelinated axons.
p.18
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Lumbar Cistern
What is the lumbar cistern?
An enlarged subarachnoid space in the lower lumbar region, containing cerebrospinal fluid.
p.8
Spinal Nerves and Their Components
What type of fibers does the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve contain?
Both motor and sensory fibers.
p.15
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Lumbar Cistern
What is the lumbar cistern?
An enlargement of the subarachnoid space between L2 and S2 containing CSF, cauda equina, and filum terminale.
p.14
Meninges and Their Functions
What is the function of the dura mater?
The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges that provides protection to the spinal cord.
p.15
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Lumbar Cistern
What structures are contained within the lumbar cistern?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cauda equina, and filum terminale.
p.18
Spinal Cord Segments and Enlargements
Do spinal cord segments lie opposite to the equivalent vertebra?
Most of them do not lie opposite to the equivalent vertebra.
p.18
Meninges and Their Functions
What are the dura and arachnoid mater?
Protective membranes that cover the spinal cord.
p.18
Denticulate Ligaments and Filum Terminale
What is the filum terminale?
A fibrous extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
p.18
External Features of the Spinal Cord
What is the linea splendens?
A longitudinal band of connective tissue on the anterior surface of the spinal cord.
