p.22
Moral Allegory in Myths
What is the moral of the Myth of Er?
- Virtues such as wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation serve to one’s advantage.
- These virtues are beneficial in any situation if genuinely embodied.
p.4
Pindar's Critique of Traditional Myths
At which other games did Hieron I achieve victories?
He won at the Pythian Games in 482, 478, and 470.
p.27
Essence and Characteristics of Myth
Is there an authentic version of a myth?
- No, there is no authentic version of the myth
p.4
Pindar's Critique of Traditional Myths
Who was Pindar and what was his profession?
Pindar was a poet who composed and performed poems for patrons, often victors of Pan-Hellenic games.
p.23
Plato's Concept of Muthos vs. Logos
How does Aristotle define 'Muthos'?
- A false account
- A narrative structure (plot) with a beginning, middle, and end
p.22
Moral Allegory in Myths
What virtues are highlighted in the Myth of Er?
- Wisdom
- Justice
- Courage
- Moderation
p.27
Essence and Characteristics of Myth
What do myths convey about a society?
- Society’s concerns and values
- Patterns of behavior that serve as models for members of a society
p.11
Essence and Characteristics of Myth
What is the time period of the sculpture 'Sleeping Eros'?
3rd century BC to 1st century AD.
p.27
Essence and Characteristics of Myth
When do the actions of myths typically take place?
- In the distant past
- In a time separate from human chronology
p.27
Essence and Characteristics of Myth
Do myth and religion necessarily correlate?
- No, myth and religion do not necessarily correlate
p.20
Cultural Relevance and Adaptation of Myths
Where was Pamphylia located in ancient times?
- Southern coast of Asia Minor
- Modern-day Turkey
p.20
Cultural Relevance and Adaptation of Myths
What role did Pamphylia play in ancient mythology?
- Setting for various myths
- Influenced by multiple cultures
p.4
Pindar's Critique of Traditional Myths
What did Pindar believe about traditional tales as told by Homer and other poets?
He believed that traditional tales were immoral and unedifying.
p.11
Essence and Characteristics of Myth
What is the 'Apollo Belvedere' and when was it created?
A marble copy created around 120-140 BC, near Rome.
p.13
Ovid's Myth of Apollo and Daphne
Who created the sculpture 'Apollo and Daphne' and when?
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini
- 1622-1625
p.20
Cultural Relevance and Adaptation of Myths
What was Pamphylia known for in ancient times?
- Strategic coastal location
- Trade and commerce
- Cultural diversity
p.8
Philosophical Criticism of Divine Depictions
What impact did Xenophanes' views have on other philosophers?
- His views became popular among philosophers who questioned the value of traditional tales
p.23
Aristotle's Narrative Structure of Myths
What is the structure of a plot according to Aristotle?
- A beginning
- A middle
- An end
p.22
Moral Allegory in Myths
How does philosophy relate to the virtues in the Myth of Er?
- Philosophy teaches virtues like wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation.
p.4
Pindar's Critique of Traditional Myths
What is significant about Olympian I in Pindar's work?
It is the first surviving mention of muthos as a story that can be false.
p.14
Cultural Relevance and Adaptation of Myths
Where is the Red-Figure Ware Krater located?
- W.G. Hardy Museum, Tory Building 2-89
p.23
Aristotle's Narrative Structure of Myths
What are the stages of a plot as per Aristotle?
- A situation is established
- The main character faces the conflict
- The conflict is resolved
p.8
Philosophical Criticism of Divine Depictions
How did Xenophanes illustrate the anthropomorphic conception of gods?
- By stating that if horses had gods, they would look like horses
p.20
Cultural Relevance and Adaptation of Myths
Which ancient civilizations influenced Pamphylia?
- Greek
- Persian
- Roman
p.8
Philosophical Criticism of Divine Depictions
What did Xenophanes criticize about Homer and Hesiod's depiction of the gods?
- Attributing to the gods actions that are reproachable among men
- Examples include theft, adultery, and mutual deception
p.20
Cultural Relevance and Adaptation of Myths
What were the major cities of Pamphylia?
- Perga
- Aspendos
- Side
p.8
Philosophical Criticism of Divine Depictions
Who was Xenophanes of Colophon?
- A 'Pre-Socratic' philosopher
- Early critic of the ways poets depict the gods
p.4
Pindar's Critique of Traditional Myths
Who was Hieron I and what was his role?
Hieron I was a Syracusan ruler (tyrant) who ruled from 478 to 466/5.
p.27
Essence and Characteristics of Myth
How do myths usually start and how can they evolve?
- Start as oral tales
- Can later be written down
p.8
Philosophical Criticism of Divine Depictions
What was Xenophanes' view on humankind's tendency to conceive gods in their own image?
- Mortals suppose that gods are born, wear their own clothes, and have a voice and body
- If horses and oxen could draw, their gods would look like horses and oxen
p.4
Pindar's Critique of Traditional Myths
What does the Olympian Ode 1 celebrate?
It celebrates the victory of Hieron I's horse, Pherenikos, in 476 BC.
p.4
Pindar's Critique of Traditional Myths
In which events did Hieron I's horse and chariot win at the Olympics?
They won in the horse and chariot events at the Olympics in 472 and 468.
