p.2
Maternal Risks and Complications
Why does postterm pregnancy cause anxiety?
It is perceived as increasing risk to the fetus.
p.2
Maternal Risks and Complications
Who experiences anxiety due to postterm pregnancy?
Both women and obstetricians.
p.65
Mortalite ve Morbidite
Fetal mortalite oranı 43. haftada ne kadar artar?
43. haftada iki katına çıkar.
p.65
Mortalite ve Morbidite
Fetal mortalite oranı 44. haftada ne kadar artar?
44. haftada dört katına çıkar.
p.84
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
How does the placenta facilitate waste removal for the fetus?
It removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste from the fetal blood.
p.58
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
What is a potential complication in postterm pregnancy related to fetal heart rate?
Prolonged fetal heart rate deceleration.
p.41
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What is the evidence regarding fetal monitoring and perinatal mortality in postterm pregnancy?
There is no clear evidence that fetal monitoring can reduce perinatal mortality in postterm pregnancy.
p.41
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What monitoring methods are recommended for women preferring conservative management in postterm pregnancy?
NST (Non-Stress Test) and liquor assessment twice weekly.
p.12
Etiology and Risk Factors
What are some examples of fetal abnormalities?
Anencephaly, adrenal hypoplasia, absence of pituitary gland.
p.19
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
How does perinatal mortality change after 42 weeks of gestation?
It is twice that at term.
p.12
Etiology and Risk Factors
What genetic predisposition is mentioned in relation to fetal abnormalities?
Placental sulfatase deficiency.
p.24
Gestational Age Assessment
Who should particularly undergo gestational age determination?
Pregnant women who do not have regular menses.
p.84
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What is the significance of the placenta in fetal development?
It supports growth and development by supplying essential substances.
p.40
Gestational Age Assessment
How does early ultrasound dating affect postterm pregnancy?
It reduces the incidence of postterm pregnancy.
p.4
Etiology and Risk Factors
How does early ultrasound assessment of gestational age impact postterm pregnancy prevalence?
It tends to reduce the prevalence compared with menstrual dating.
p.22
Etiology and Risk Factors
What factors can affect the accuracy of gestational age assessment?
Irregular menses, recent cessation of birth control pills, and inconsistent ovulation times.
p.5
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
How does the perinatal mortality rate change at 42 weeks of delivery?
It doubles compared to the rates during the 37-41 week period.
p.56
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Amniotik sıvının işlevleri nelerdir?
Fetusun korunması, sıcaklığın düzenlenmesi ve hareket alanı sağlaması.
p.38
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What does fetal station describe?
The position of the fetus's head in relation to the ischial spines.
p.47
Incidence of Postterm Pregnancy
İnsidans nedir?
Belirli bir zaman diliminde yeni vakaların sayısını ifade eder.
p.36
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What should be discussed with a woman at 41 weeks gestation regarding her options?
The options and risks/benefits of labor induction versus expectant management.
p.11
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is one risk associated with infants delivered after post-term pregnancies?
Increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
p.9
Etiology and Risk Factors
What condition can lead to a delay in the onset of labor in postterm pregnancy?
Relative adrenocortical insufficiency.
p.54
Mathematical Operations
What is the result of the equation '& - - - = -'?
The equation is not mathematically valid.
p.4
Gestational Age Assessment
What is the significance of gestational age in pregnancy dating?
It helps in assessing the timing and management of pregnancy.
p.7
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is another risk factor for postterm pregnancies?
Prior postterm pregnancy.
p.5
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What are post-term pregnancies associated with?
Excess perinatal morbidity and mortality.
p.34
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What is a non-stress test?
A non-invasive test used to monitor fetal heart rate and assess fetal well-being.
p.70
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Biyofizik profil nedir?
USG ile N.S.T'yi birleştiren bir yöntemdir.
p.23
Gestational Age Assessment
What is early ultrasonography used for?
Predicting estimated due date (EDD).
p.74
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm gebeliklerde serviks uygun değilse ne önerilir?
Ya bekleme önerilir ya da eylem indüksiyonu yapılabilir.
p.36
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is another benefit of labor induction mentioned?
To reduce meconium staining of the amniotic fluid.
p.74
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Postterm gebeliklerde antenatal izleme ne zaman başlanmalıdır?
41 ile 42 gebelik haftaları arasından itibaren.
p.86
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What role do the protective layers play in fetal development?
They protect the vessels in the umbilical cord.
p.51
Maternal Risks and Complications
Maternal sorunlar arasında hangi fiziksel travmalar yer alır?
Vajinal ve servikal sıyrıklar, pelvik duvarın gevşemesi, servikal yetmezlik, idrar tutamama.
p.67
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
NST nedir?
Non-stres testi, fetusun kalp atışlarını izlemek için kullanılan bir yöntemdir.
p.62
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What does continued fetal growth suggest about placental function?
It suggests that placental function is not compromised.
p.44
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Postterm gebeliklerin riskleri nelerdir?
Fetal distress, amniyotik sıvı azalması ve plasental yetmezlik gibi riskler içerir.
p.24
Gestational Age Assessment
What is recommended for all pregnant women for gestational age determination?
Assessment prior to 20 weeks.
p.74
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm gebelik nedir?
42 haftayı tamamlamış gebelikler için kullanılan terimdir.
p.25
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Is there clear evidence that fetal monitoring reduces perinatal mortality?
No clear evidence exists to support that fetal monitoring can reduce perinatal mortality.
p.9
Etiology and Risk Factors
What are the risks associated with relative adrenocortical insufficiency in postterm pregnancy?
Increased risk of intrapartum hypoxia or death.
p.86
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What is the purpose of the vernix caseosa?
To assist in maintaining skin moisture during the fetal period.
p.61
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Makrozominin doğum travmaları üzerindeki etkileri nelerdir?
Travayın uzaması, zor forseps doğumları, omuz takılmaları, sefal hematomlar, fraktürler ve brakial pleksus felci gibi doğum travmaları daha sık görülmektedir.
p.51
Maternal Risks and Complications
İdrar tutamama hangi maternal sorunun bir örneğidir?
Fiziksel travmalar arasında yer alır.
p.79
Nursing Care for Postterm Infants
What complications should be monitored in postterm infants?
Meconium aspiration, respiratory distress, and hypoglycemia.
p.75
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Kesin gestasyonel yaşı bilinenlerde indüksiyon ne zaman yapılır?
42 hafta tamamlandığında.
p.32
Gestational Age Assessment
What is the significance of a vertical pocket of amniotic fluid greater than 2 cm?
It indicates normal amniotic fluid levels; no delivery is indicated.
p.25
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Is fetal monitoring necessary before 42 weeks gestation if not offered at term?
No, there is no need to offer fetal monitoring prior to this gestation.
p.25
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is the consensus regarding surveillance for postterm pregnancy?
There is no consensus about the appropriate surveillance.
p.74
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Fetal iyilik testlerinde bozulma ve oligohidramnios varsa ne yapılmalıdır?
Hemen doğum yapılmalıdır.
p.37
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What should be done if the NST or AFI is abnormal?
Initiate induction immediately.
p.19
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What is the perinatal mortality rate at 43 weeks compared to term?
It is six-fold that at term.
p.16
Clinical Manifestations of Postterm Infants
What does fetal dysmaturity syndrome indicate about a postterm fetus's growth?
Not all postterm fetuses continue to grow along a normal growth trajectory.
p.76
Etiology and Risk Factors
Başarı için hangi faktörler önemlidir?
Hedef belirleme, motivasyon, azim ve planlama.
p.67
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Reaktif NST sonrası neden kötü sonuçlar görülebilir?
Reaktif NST tek başına yeterli bulunmamaktadır, özellikle postterm gebelerde.
p.65
Mortalite ve Morbidite
Postterm gebelerde morbidite ve mortalite durumu nasıldır?
Postterm gebelerde perinatal mortalite ve morbidite artar.
p.11
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is another risk for infants delivered following post-term pregnancies?
Increased risk of death up to 2 years of age.
p.4
Gestational Age Assessment
What is a limitation of dating pregnancy by the last menstrual period (LMP)?
It tends to overestimate the gestational age (GA).
p.17
Clinical Manifestations of Postterm Infants
What is the first stage of dysmaturity (postmaturity syndrome)?
Alert facial expression; recent weight loss with decreased subcutaneous fat and muscle mass.
p.12
Etiology and Risk Factors
How does older maternal age relate to fetal health?
It is a risk factor for fetal abnormalities.
p.62
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What may happen to the weight of a postterm fetus?
It may continue to gain weight and be unusually large at birth.
p.19
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What is the trend in perinatal mortality as gestation exceeds 42 weeks?
It increases significantly, being twice at 42 weeks and six-fold at 43 weeks.
p.18
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
What complication can arise from oligohydramnios?
Increased risk of umbilical cord compression.
p.34
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What does a non-stress test measure?
The fetal heart rate in response to fetal movements.
p.46
Incidence of Postterm Pregnancy
II. Trimester USG uygulaması postterm gebelik sıklığını ne kadar düşürmüştür?
% 2-3 düzeylerine inmiştir.
p.47
Incidence of Postterm Pregnancy
İnsidans oranı neden önemlidir?
Hastalıkların yaygınlığını ve sağlık hizmeti ihtiyaçlarını belirlemek için kullanılır.
p.36
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is one reason to offer labor induction at 41 weeks gestation?
To reduce perinatal mortality.
p.37
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is the management strategy at 41 weeks gestation?
Daily fetal movement counts.
p.86
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What is the significance of the vernix caseosa during fetal development?
It helps protect the skin and maintains moisture.
p.17
Clinical Manifestations of Postterm Infants
What are the characteristics of stage 2 in dysmaturity?
Green meconium staining of skin and umbilicus, fetal distress, hypoxia.
p.68
Gestational Age Assessment
Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) nedir?
Karnın her 4 kadranında en büyük vertikal poşların toplamıdır.
p.44
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm gebelik nedir?
Hamileliğin 42. haftasından sonra gerçekleşen gebeliklerdir.
p.79
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What does neonatal management for postterm infants include?
Supportive care to address complications, including respiratory support, monitoring blood glucose, and preventing birth injuries.
p.44
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm gebeliklerin yönetiminde hangi stratejiler uygulanır?
Düzenli fetal izleme, indüksiyon ve doğum planlaması gibi stratejiler uygulanır.
p.79
Nursing Care for Postterm Infants
What nursing care should be provided to postterm infants?
Provide warmth, monitor oxygen levels, check for birth trauma injuries, and initiate early feedings if tolerated.
p.56
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Amniotik sıvı hangi durumlarda azalabilir?
Amniyosentez, gebelik komplikasyonları veya erken doğum gibi durumlarda.
p.71
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Biyofizik Profil (B.P.P) neden en geçerli yöntemdir?
Amniyotik sıvı volümü ölçümünü de içermesi nedeniyle.
p.53
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Oligohidramnios nedir?
Amniyotik sıvı miktarının normalden az olması durumu.
p.71
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Modifiye Biyofizik Profil (B.P.P) hangi yöntemleri kullanır?
Yalnızca N.S.T ve AFI kullanılır.
p.77
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What are the classifications of postterm infants based on size?
They can be small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), or large for gestational age (LGA).
p.64
Maternal Risks and Complications
Hipoksi ve asidoz hangi durumların sonucunda ortaya çıkabilir?
Plasental rezervin azalması.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
Fetal adrenal hipoplazi, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.2
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What is postterm pregnancy?
A common situation where pregnancy extends beyond the due date.
p.36
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is a small decrease associated with labor induction?
The caesarean section rate.
p.22
Gestational Age Assessment
What is the reference point used for determining gestational age?
The Last Menstrual Period (LMP).
p.16
Clinical Manifestations of Postterm Infants
What is fetal dysmaturity syndrome?
A condition describing fetuses with characteristics of chronic intrauterine malnutrition.
p.59
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What heart rate indicates severe variable decelerations in a postterm pregnancy?
Less than 70 bpm for 60 seconds or longer.
p.17
Clinical Manifestations of Postterm Infants
What indicates stage 3 of dysmaturity?
Yellow staining of nails, skin, and umbilicus indicative of prolonged passage of meconium.
p.45
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Postmatürite terimi neyi ifade eder?
Uzamış gebeliğin klinik özelliklerini gösteren fetüsleri tarif etmek için kullanılır.
p.7
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is the general knowledge about the etiology of most postterm pregnancies?
The majority have no known etiology.
p.79
Client and Family Education
What should caregivers be educated about regarding postterm infants?
The need for close monitoring, feeding guidelines, and the importance of follow-up appointments.
p.34
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What indicates a reactive non-stress test?
At least two accelerations of the fetal heart rate within a 20-minute period.
p.55
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Oligohidramnios durumunda fetal distresin belirtileri nelerdir?
Fetal asidoz, düşük apgar skoru.
p.56
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Amniotik sıvının normal seviyeleri nedir?
Gebeliğin 20. haftasında 200-300 ml, 36. haftada 800-1000 ml arasında değişir.
p.73
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Servikal olgunlaşmada kullanılan düşük doz oksitosin ne için kullanılır?
Serviksin indüklenmesi için.
p.63
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Retroplasental hematom nedir?
Plasenta arkasında kan birikimidir ve postterm plasentalarda artış gösterir.
p.77
Gestational Age Assessment
What is the typical duration of gestation?
Gestation is typically 40 weeks.
p.77
Birth Weight Percentiles
What are the birth weight percentiles based on gestational age?
Normal intrauterine growth is between the 10th and 90th percentile.
p.78
Maternal Risks and Complications
What maternal complications can arise during vaginal delivery of a large fetus?
Traumatic injuries such as lacerations.
p.32
Gestational Age Assessment
What does a reduced Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) indicate?
It is considered an indication for delivery.
p.23
Gestational Age Assessment
How accurate is early ultrasonography in predicting EDD?
It is a very accurate method.
p.47
Incidence of Postterm Pregnancy
İnsidans hesaplamasında hangi faktörler dikkate alınır?
Toplumun büyüklüğü ve belirli bir hastalığın yeni vakaları.
p.84
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What is the primary function of the placenta?
To provide nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus.
p.84
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What role does the placenta play in hormone production?
It produces hormones necessary for maintaining pregnancy.
p.74
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Serviks uygun olduğunda ne yapılmalıdır?
Hemen doğum yapılmalıdır.
p.22
Etiology and Risk Factors
Why can the determination of gestational age be unreliable?
Due to irregular menses, recent cessation of birth control pills, and inconsistent ovulation times.
p.3
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What is the definition of postterm pregnancy?
It is 42 completed weeks or more (294 days).
p.79
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is a key aspect of maternal and fetal management for postterm infants?
Monitoring placental function, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal health.
p.61
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
4500 gram ağırlığındaki fetusların doğum yöntemi nedir?
Primer olarak sezaryen (C/S) tercih edilmelidir.
Başarıyı etkileyen dışsal faktörler nelerdir?
Çevresel koşullar, destek sistemleri ve fırsatlar.
p.44
Maternal Risks and Complications
Postterm gebeliklerin maternal komplikasyonları nelerdir?
Yüksek tansiyon, enfeksiyon ve doğum sonrası kanama gibi komplikasyonlar olabilir.
p.49
Maternal Risks and Complications
Müdahaleli doğum ihtimalinin yükselmesi, hangi sorunları beraberinde getirir?
Hastada endişe ve tıbbi bakım giderlerinin artması.
p.55
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Postterm gebelerde oligohidramnios ile hangi durumlar birlikte görülebilir?
Akut kord basısı ile oluşan varyabl deselerasyonlar.
p.66
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
NST nedir ve hangi amaçla kullanılır?
Non-stres testi (NST), fetal kalp atışlarının izlenmesi için kullanılır.
p.73
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Mifepriston hangi amaçla kullanılır?
Servikal olgunlaşma için.
p.64
Maternal Risks and Complications
Geç deselerasyonlar hangi durumun belirtisi olabilir?
Plasental rezervin azalması.
p.63
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Obliterant endarteritis nedir ve postterm plasentalarda durumu nasıldır?
Plasental damarların daralmasıdır ve insidansı artmaktadır.
p.9
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is one potential cause of postterm pregnancy?
Low cortisol levels with post term fetal distress.
p.37
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is the protocol for induction at 42 weeks gestation?
Induce even if NST and AFI are normal.
p.45
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm gebelik nedir?
Son adet tarihinin başlangıcından itibaren 42 hafta ya da 294 günden fazla süre geçen gebeliklerdir.
p.76
Definition of Success
Başarı nedir?
Belirlenen hedeflere ulaşma durumu.
p.67
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
NST'nin avantajı nedir?
Non-invaziv ve kolay uygulanabilir olmasıdır.
p.62
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
What is characteristic of fetal growth between 38 and 42 weeks?
Continued fetal growth, although at a slower rate.
p.27
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What indicates a reactive and reassuring nonstress test?
2 or more FHR accelerations, at least 15 beats above baseline and lasting at least 15 seconds within a 20-minute period.
p.38
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What does effacement refer to in the Bishop Score?
The percentage of thinning of the cervix.
p.75
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Oligohidramnios varlığı neyi gösterir?
USG'de >2cm amnion cebi olmaması veya AFI <5cm olması önemli bir indüksiyon endikasyonudur.
p.55
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Oligohidramnios ve fetal distresin perinatal mortalite riski üzerindeki etkisi nedir?
Perinatal mortalite riski artar.
p.77
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What defines a postterm infant?
A postterm infant is born after 42 weeks of gestation.
p.66
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Kontraksiyon stres testi neyi değerlendirir?
Fetal kalp atışlarının uterin kontraksiyonlar sırasında nasıl değiştiğini değerlendirir.
p.78
Pathophysiology of Postterm Birth
What happens to the fetus if the placenta functions well?
The fetus grows and may be large for gestational age (LGA) at birth.
p.78
Short-Term Complications
What birth injuries may result from macrosomia?
Fractures, subdural hematoma, and cephalhematoma.
p.84
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
How does the placenta contribute to immune protection for the fetus?
It acts as a barrier to protect the fetus from infections.
p.58
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is a common intervention when there is prolonged fetal heart rate deceleration?
Emergency cesarean delivery.
p.22
Gestational Age Assessment
What is the significance of the Last Menstrual Period in pregnancy diagnosis?
It serves as a reference point for determining gestational age.
p.18
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
What is a potential risk of meconium aspiration?
Respiratory issues in the newborn.
p.12
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is the role of steroid sulfatase in fetal development?
It is involved in estrogen production.
p.67
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Reaktif NST neyi gösterir?
Fetusun hipoksik olmadığını gösterir.
p.56
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Amniotik sıvı nedir?
Fetusun bulunduğu amniyon kesesinde bulunan sıvıdır.
p.34
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Why is a non-stress test performed?
To evaluate the health of the fetus, especially in high-risk pregnancies.
p.79
Client and Family Education
When should caregivers seek medical attention for postterm infants?
For feeding problems, low urine output, lethargy, or difficulty breathing.
p.66
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Postterm gebelerde fetal değerlendirme için hangi yöntemlerden biri fetal hareketlerin sayılmasıdır?
Fetal hareketlerin sayılması.
p.71
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
En etkin antenatal takip yöntemi nedir?
41-42. gebelik haftasından başlayarak haftada iki kez B.P.P yapılmasıdır.
p.35
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What should be avoided in a healthy, uncomplicated pregnancy?
Elective induction of labor or serial antenatal monitoring.
p.53
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Postmatürite sendromu neyi ifade eder?
Doğumdan sonra fetal gelişim sorunları ve komplikasyonları.
p.77
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What characterizes a dysmature infant?
A dysmature infant has experienced wasting of subcutaneous fat and muscle due to intrauterine malnutrition.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
Fetal anensefali, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
Azalmış servikal nitrik oksit salınımı, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.78
Short-Term Complications
What severe outcomes can occur in postterm infants?
Fetal or neonatal death may occur in severe cases.
p.40
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is the effect of inducing labor after 41 weeks?
It reduces perinatal mortality rates without increasing cesarean section rates.
p.79
Clinical Manifestations of Postterm Infants
What are common clinical manifestations of LGA infants?
Lethargy, obesity, plethoric appearance, poor feeding, jitteriness due to hypoglycemia, signs of respiratory distress, and birth injuries.
p.79
Clinical Manifestations of Postterm Infants
What are the characteristics of dysmature infants?
Thin, SGA, wasted muscles, dry and wrinkled skin, little vernix caseosa, no lanugo, long nails, and thin umbilical cord.
p.51
Maternal Risks and Complications
Servikal yetmezlik nedir?
Serviksin gebelik sırasında yeterince güçlü olmaması durumudur.
p.68
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
AFI'nın 5 cm'den küçük olması hangi durumlarla ilişkilidir?
Artmış fetal kalp hızı, atım anormallikleri ve artmış mekonyum riski.
What is the email address provided?
ibrahimyalcin73@gmail.com
p.38
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What does the Bishop Score assess?
It assesses the readiness of the cervix for labor.
p.35
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What characterizes a healthy, uncomplicated pregnancy?
Normal fetal growth and normal amniotic fluid.
p.56
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
Amniotik sıvının aşırı artışı neyi gösterebilir?
Polihidramnios, yani amniotik sıvının normalden fazla olması durumunu.
p.20
Maternal Risks and Complications
What is the impact of labor complications on cesarean delivery rates?
Labor complications can lead to an increased rate of cesarean delivery.
p.53
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Fetal distres neyi ifade eder?
Fetusun oksijen yetersizliği veya stres altında olduğunu gösteren bir durum.
p.70
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
N.S.T. nedir?
Non-stres testi anlamına gelir.
p.60
Etiology and Risk Factors
How does weight gain during pregnancy relate to macrosomia risk?
Increased weight gain raises the risk.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
Serviksin endojen prostoglandinlere karşı duyarsızlığı, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.78
Maternal Risks and Complications
What is a risk associated with the delivery of a large fetus?
Shoulder dystocia, where fetal shoulders get stuck behind the pubic bone.
p.16
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is a key characteristic of fetuses with fetal dysmaturity syndrome?
Chronic intrauterine malnutrition.
p.3
Definition of Postterm Pregnancy
What is the gestational age range for late term pregnancy?
41+0 to 41+6 weeks of gestation.
p.27
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What does a nonstress test (NST) assess?
Fetal movements associated with accelerations of fetal heart rate (FHR).
p.76
Management Strategies for Success
Başarıyı artırmak için hangi stratejiler uygulanabilir?
Zaman yönetimi, sürekli öğrenme ve geri bildirim alma.
p.20
Maternal Risks and Complications
What is labor dystocia?
A condition characterized by slow or difficult labor.
p.70
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Biyofizik profilin beş kriteri nelerdir?
1. Fetal solunum hareketleri, 2. Fetal tonus, 3. Fetal vücut hareketleri, 4. AFI, 5. N.S.T.
p.52
Etiology and Risk Factors
Uzayan gebelik süresinin nedenleri nelerdir?
Amniyotik sıvı azalması, bebeğin iki hafta fazladan büyümesi, mekonyum aspirasyonu, plasental yetmezlik.
p.1
Maternal Risks and Complications
What is İbrahim YALÇIN's email address?
ibrahimyalcin73@gmail.com.
p.52
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Plasental yetmezlik ne tür sorunlara yol açabilir?
Fetal ciddi sorunların ortaya çıkma ihtimalini artırır.
p.78
Pathophysiology of Postterm Birth
How does the fetus respond to placental insufficiency?
It may redistribute blood from non-essential organs to vital organs, causing oligohydramnios.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
Fosfolipaz A2 aktivitesinin azalması, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.15
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Why do postterm fetuses tend to be larger than term fetuses?
Due to the longer duration of intrauterine growth.
p.27
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What does a reactive nonstress test suggest about the fetus?
The fetus is not acidotic or neurologically depressed.
p.52
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Gebelik süresi uzarsa ne tür sorunlar ortaya çıkabilir?
Fetal ciddi sorunların ortaya çıkma ihtimali yüksektir.
p.72
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Antepartum test kullanarak bekleme sürecinde doğum indüksiyonunun ne zaman gerekli olacağına dair hangi belirsizlikler vardır?
Doğum indüksiyonunun gerekli olacağı zaman.
p.49
Maternal Risks and Complications
Omuz distosisi, hangi durumun bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkabilir?
Postterm gebelikte makrosomik bebek.
p.66
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Fetal biyofizik profil nedir?
Fetal sağlığı değerlendirmek için yapılan bir testtir.
p.53
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Plasental fonksiyon yetersizliği ne anlama gelir?
Plasentanın fetusa yeterli besin ve oksijen sağlayamaması durumu.
p.77
Gestational Age Assessment
What is the gestational age range for term infants?
Term infants are born between 37 and 42 weeks.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
X-linked sulfataz yetmezliği, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
Prostaglandin yapım eksikliği, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.72
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm gebelerde serviksin indüklenebilir olması neden önemlidir?
Yaklaşımda önemli bir yer tutar.
p.66
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Amniyotik sıvı volüm ölçümü neden önemlidir?
Fetal sağlığı değerlendirmek için önemlidir.
p.70
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Biyofizik profilin amacı nedir?
Fetal sağlığı değerlendirmek.
p.53
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Mekonyum aspirasyon sendromu nedir?
Fetusun mekonyum (ilk dışkı) yutması sonucu oluşan solunum problemleri.
p.44
Incidence of Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm gebeliklerin incidençesi nedir?
Postterm gebelik oranı, tüm gebeliklerin yaklaşık %5-10'unu oluşturur.
p.49
Maternal Risks and Complications
Postterm gebelerde makrosomik bebeğin yarattığı sorunlardan biri nedir?
Disfonksiyel doğum eylemi.
p.34
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
What does a non-reactive non-stress test suggest?
Potential fetal distress or other complications.
p.63
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Postterm plasentalarda hangi durumlar gözlemlenir?
Enfarktüs, kalsifikasyon, retroplasental hematom, intervilloz tromboz, obliterant endarteritis.
p.49
Maternal Risks and Complications
Fetopelvik uygunsuzluk, hangi durumla ilişkilidir?
Postterm gebelikte makrosomik bebek.
p.53
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Makrozomi nedir?
Doğum ağırlığının normalden fazla olması durumu.
p.63
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
Kalsifikasyon postterm plasentalarda neyi gösterir?
Plasental yetmezlik belirtilerinden biridir.
p.77
Birth Weight Percentiles
What does AGA, SGA, and LGA stand for in terms of birth weight percentiles?
AGA is between the 10th and 90th percentile, SGA is below the 10th, and LGA is above the 90th percentile.
p.1
Maternal Risks and Complications
Which department does İbrahim YALÇIN belong to?
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
p.35
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What is the management recommendation for pregnancies at 40-41 weeks gestation?
Induction of labor if there are risk factors or fetal distress.
p.15
Complications Associated with Postterm Pregnancy
What complications are associated with macrosomia?
Labor abnormalities and shoulder dystocia.
p.38
Management Strategies for Postterm Pregnancy
What are the cervical positions assessed in the Bishop Score?
Posterior, midposition, and anterior.
p.52
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Mekonyum aspirasyonu neyi ifade eder?
Bebeğin mekonyumunu doğum sırasında solumasını.
p.78
Pathophysiology of Postterm Birth
What occurs if the placenta deteriorates?
The fetus experiences malnutrition and becomes small for gestational age (SGA).
p.77
Etiology and Risk Factors
What is known about the causes of postterm birth?
Most causes of postterm birth are unknown.
p.78
Long-Term Complications
What are some long-term complications associated with postterm birth?
Cerebral palsy, seizures, and cognitive or developmental issues.
p.20
Maternal Risks and Complications
What type of injury is associated with severe perineal injury during childbirth?
Severe perineal injury refers to significant damage to the perineum, often requiring surgical intervention.
p.70
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
AFI nedir?
Amniyotik sıvı indeksini ifade eder.
p.20
Maternal Risks and Complications
What is the relationship between labor complications and operative vaginal delivery?
Labor complications can result in an increased rate of operative vaginal delivery.
p.52
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Bebeğin iki hafta fazladan büyümesi hangi sorunları tetikleyebilir?
Fetal ciddi sorunların ortaya çıkma ihtimalini artırır.
p.66
Fetal Surveillance and Monitoring
Doppler USG'nin amacı nedir?
Fetal kan akışını değerlendirmek için kullanılır.
p.78
Short-Term Complications
What are some short-term complications of postterm birth?
Hypoglycemia, polycythemia, perinatal asphyxia, and meconium aspiration.
p.77
Etiology and Risk Factors
What are some risk factors for postterm birth?
Risk factors include maternal obesity, first pregnancy, previous postterm pregnancies, advanced maternal age, and genetic factors.
p.52
Fetal and Neonatal Risks
Amniyotik sıvı azalması ne gibi sorunlara yol açabilir?
Fetal ciddi sorunların ortaya çıkma ihtimalini artırır.
p.60
Etiology and Risk Factors
What previous pregnancy factor can increase the risk of macrosomia?
Postmaturity in past pregnancies.
p.48
Etiology and Risk Factors
Myometrial E ve P reseptörlerinin azalması, postterm gebelikte hangi tür faktörlerden biridir?
Diğer fetal-plasental faktörler.
p.78
Maternal Risks and Complications
What is the increased risk associated with cesarean delivery in postterm pregnancies?
Complications like bleeding and infection.
