p.8
Conversion of G1P to G6P
Where is the phosphate group located in Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)?
On the sixth carbon atom.
p.2
Glycogen Synthesis Process
How does the body store excess glucose?
By converting it into glycogen for storage.
p.2
Blood Glucose Regulation
What happens if the body has more glucose than it needs?
The excess glucose is stored.
p.4
Energy Source from Muscle Glycogen
How quickly can muscle glycogen be depleted during vigorous exercise?
Muscle glycogen can be depleted in less than 1 hour during vigorous exercise.
p.9
Enzymes Involved in Glycogen Breakdown
What happens to the single glucose residue left at the branch point during glycogen breakdown?
It is released and can enter directly into glycolysis.
p.7
Conversion of G1P to G6P
Can glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) enter glycolysis directly?
No, it cannot enter glycolysis.
p.3
Glycogen Storage in Liver and Muscle
In what form is glycogen stored in liver and skeletal muscle?
In large cytosolic granules.
p.8
Conversion of G1P to G6P
What is the main difference between G1P and G6P?
The position of the phosphate group; G1P has it on the first carbon, while G6P has it on the sixth carbon.
p.10
Blood Glucose Regulation
What are the possible fates of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) after its formation?
G6P can enter glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), or replenish blood glucose.
p.3
Glycogen Storage in Liver and Muscle
Where is glycogen primarily found in vertebrates?
In the liver and skeletal muscle.
p.5
Liver Glycogen as a Glucose Reservoir
What is the role of liver glycogen in glucose metabolism?
Liver glycogen acts as a reservoir of glucose for other tissues when dietary glucose is not available (between meals or during fasting).
p.6
Enzymes Involved in Glycogen Breakdown
What is the role of the glycogen debranching enzyme in glycogen breakdown?
It helps in removing branches from glycogen to facilitate its breakdown.
p.11
Role of UDP-Glucose in Glycogen Synthesis
Into what is glucose-6-phosphate converted during glycogen synthesis?
Glucose-1-phosphate and then to UDP-glucose.
p.8
Conversion of G1P to G6P
Where is the phosphate group located in Glucose 1-phosphate (G1P)?
On the first carbon atom.
p.5
Liver Glycogen as a Glucose Reservoir
How long can liver glycogen storage last before being depleted?
Liver glycogen storage can be depleted in 12 to 24 hours.
p.6
Glycogen Storage in Liver and Muscle
In which tissues does glycogen breakdown occur to enter the glycolytic pathway?
Liver and skeletal muscles.
p.7
Enzymes Involved in Glycogen Breakdown
What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase?
Glucose-1-phosphate (G1P).
p.2
Blood Glucose Regulation
How does the body maintain blood glucose levels despite varying carbohydrate intake?
Through digestion and absorption of carbohydrates as glucose, and gluconeogenesis.
p.3
Glycogen Metabolism Overview
What happens to excess glucose in vertebrates?
It is converted to glycogen for storage.
p.1
Glycogen Metabolism Overview
What is the main learning objective of today's class?
To explain glycogen metabolism, including its breakdown and synthesis.
p.11
Glycogen Synthesis Process
In which tissues can glycogen synthesis take place?
Almost all animal tissues.
p.11
Glycogen Storage in Liver and Muscle
In which tissues is glycogen synthesis especially prominent?
Liver and skeletal muscles.
p.9
Enzymes Involved in Glycogen Breakdown
What enzyme transfers the branches during glycogen breakdown?
Glycogen debranching enzyme.
How does the body access stored glucose?
By breaking down glycogen into glucose.
p.13
Role of UDP-Glucose in Glycogen Synthesis
What is the role of UDP-glucose in glycogen synthesis?
The glucose residue of UDP-glucose is transferred to the nonreducing end of a glycogen branch to make a new (α1 to 4) linkage.
p.15
Glycogen Metabolism Overview
What is the main topic you should be able to explain after today's class?
Glycogen metabolism (Breakdown and synthesis).
p.14
Glycogen Synthesis Process
Which enzyme is responsible for creating the (α1 to 6) bonds in glycogen?
Glycogen-branching enzymes.