p.20
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What is the structure of intermediate filaments?
Intermediate filaments are rope-like structures made with thin keratin proteins.
p.22
Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
What is the process of keratins connecting to each other called?
Assembly and disassembly.
p.31
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Plant Cells
What role does water pressure in the central vacuole play in plant cells?
Water pressure in the central vacuole resists both tension and compression.
p.7
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the structure of microtubules?
Microtubules are tubes made with round tubulin proteins.
p.5
Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons
What are the main structural components of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton?
Protein fibres, chains of round proteins, and bundles of thin proteins.
p.24
Location and Role of Intermediate Filaments in Cells
What is the function of intermediate filaments in the nucleus?
To line the inside of the nuclear envelope.
p.24
Location and Role of Intermediate Filaments in Cells
Where are intermediate filaments located in the nucleus?
They line the inside of the nuclear envelope.
p.17
Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
What are G-actins?
G-actins are globular actin monomers that can be added or removed from actin filaments.
p.25
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
Are there several types of keratins?
Yes, there are several types of keratins.
p.30
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What role do intermediate filaments play in plant cells?
Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support and help maintain cell integrity.
p.14
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What type of protein forms the subunit of actin filaments?
Globular actin (G-actin) forms the subunit of actin filaments.
p.19
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
How do microvilli contribute to the digestive process?
By increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption.
p.13
Structure and Function of Microtubules
How do microtubules contribute to cell division in newt cells?
Microtubules form the mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes during cell division.
p.1
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the primary function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?
Microtubules provide structural support, facilitate intracellular transport, and are involved in cell division.
p.27
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Animal Cells
What does E represent if E = B + C?
E represents a combination of B and C.
p.12
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What are the main components of a centrosome?
A centrosome is composed of two centrioles and a surrounding matrix of proteins.
p.19
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What structural component supports the microvilli?
Actin filaments (F-Actin).
p.13
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the primary function of microtubules in a newt cell?
Microtubules provide structural support and are involved in cell division, intracellular transport, and maintaining cell shape.
p.32
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What are the primary functions of microtubules?
Microtubules provide structural support, facilitate intracellular transport, and are involved in cell division.
p.1
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
How do actin filaments (F-actin) contribute to cellular functions?
Actin filaments are involved in cell movement, shape maintenance, and muscle contraction.
p.27
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Animal Cells
What does D represent if D = A + B?
D represents a combination of A and B.
p.11
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is another name for the centrosome?
The centrosome is also known as the 'centre body'.
p.26
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Animal Cells
What is the role of Intermediate Filaments in animal cells?
Intermediate Filaments provide mechanical support and help maintain cell shape.
p.3
Overview of Eukaryotic Cytoskeleton
What type of cells are human intestinal epithelial cells?
Human intestinal epithelial cells are the cells that line the surface of the intestines.
p.17
Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
What is the minus end of an actin filament?
The minus end of an actin filament is the end where actin monomers are added or removed more slowly compared to the plus end.
p.14
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What is the structure of actin filaments (F-Actin)?
Actin filaments are rod-shaped structures made with round actin proteins.
p.29
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Plant Cells
What is the role of F-Actin in plant cells?
F-Actin in plant cells is similar to its role in other eukaryotic cells, providing structural support and facilitating cell movement.
p.13
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What are microtubules composed of?
Microtubules are composed of tubulin proteins.
p.12
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the primary function of the centrosome?
The centrosome serves as the main microtubule-organizing center of the cell.
p.2
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Animal Cells
What are the main cytoskeletal components in animal cells?
Animal cells primarily contain microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.
p.19
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What is the primary function of microvilli on intestinal epithelial cells?
To increase the surface area for absorption.
p.29
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Plant Cells
How do intermediate filaments (IF) in the nucleus of plant cells compare to those in other eukaryotic cells?
Intermediate filaments in the nucleus of plant cells are similar to those in other eukaryotic cells.
p.32
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What is the structure of actin filaments (F-Actin)?
Actin filaments are thin, flexible fibers composed of actin protein subunits.
p.32
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What is the structure of intermediate filaments?
Intermediate filaments are rope-like fibers made of various proteins, depending on the cell type.
p.27
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What does B represent in the context of cytoskeletal components?
B represents Actin Filaments (F-Actin).
p.12
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the role of centrioles within the centrosome?
Centrioles help in the organization of microtubules during cell division.
p.21
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What type of proteins are keratin proteins?
Keratin proteins are homodimers.
p.5
Overview of Eukaryotic Cytoskeleton
What are the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?
Protein fibres, chains of round proteins, and bundles of thin proteins.
p.17
Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
From which ends can G-actins be added or removed in actin filaments?
G-actins can be added or removed from both the plus end and the minus end of actin filaments.
p.1
Overview of Eukaryotic Cytoskeleton
What are the three main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, actin filaments (F-actin), and intermediate filaments.
p.4
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What role do intermediate filaments play in a human gut cell?
Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and help maintain the integrity of the cell.
p.30
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Plant Cells
What is the significance of the cytoskeleton in plant cells?
The cytoskeleton is crucial for maintaining cell shape, enabling intracellular transport, and facilitating cell division and movement.
p.2
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What are the primary functions of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?
Microtubules are involved in maintaining cell shape, enabling intracellular transport, and facilitating cell division.
p.21
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What is a characteristic of the ends of intermediate filaments?
Intermediate filaments have identical ends.
p.31
Structure and Function of Microtubules
Do microtubules in plant cells have centrosomes?
No, microtubules in plant cells are simpler and do not have centrosomes.
p.11
Structure and Function of Microtubules
Where do microtubules in animal cells grow from?
Microtubules in animal cells grow from the centrosome.
p.4
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the primary function of microtubules in a human gut cell?
Microtubules provide structural support and are involved in intracellular transport and cell division.
p.32
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What are the primary functions of actin filaments?
Actin filaments are involved in cell movement, shape maintenance, and muscle contraction.
p.1
Location and Role of Intermediate Filaments in Cells
Where are intermediate filaments typically located within the cell?
Intermediate filaments are found throughout the cytoplasm and often anchored to the cell membrane.
p.30
Location and Role of Intermediate Filaments in Cells
Where are microtubules typically located in plant cells?
Microtubules are located throughout the cytoplasm and are especially prominent during cell division.
p.26
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Animal Cells
What are the three main types of protein fibers found in the cytoskeleton of animal cells?
Microtubules, F-Actin (Actin Filaments), and Intermediate Filaments.
p.29
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Plant Cells
How do intermediate filaments (IF) in the cytosol of plant cells differ from those in other eukaryotic cells?
Intermediate filaments in the cytosol of plant cells are simpler and do not form desmosomes.
p.13
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What role do microtubules play in intracellular transport?
Microtubules act as tracks for the movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell.
p.4
Location and Role of Intermediate Filaments in Cells
Where are intermediate filaments typically located in a human gut cell?
Intermediate filaments are found throughout the cytoplasm and are often anchored to the cell membrane and nucleus.
p.27
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What does C represent in the context of cytoskeletal components?
C represents Intermediate Filaments (IFs).
p.2
Overview of Eukaryotic Cytoskeleton
What are the three main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, actin filaments (F-actin), and intermediate filaments.
p.19
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
Where are microvilli located in the human body?
On the intestinal epithelial cells.
p.10
Assembly and Disassembly of Microtubules
Where are tubulins added and removed during microtubule assembly and disassembly?
From the plus (active) end.
p.4
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Animal Cells
What are the main components of the cytoskeleton in a human gut cell?
Microtubules, actin filaments (F-actin), and intermediate filaments.
p.30
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Plant Cells
What are the main components of the cytoskeleton in plant cells?
Microtubules, actin filaments (F-actin), and intermediate filaments.
p.17
Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
What is the plus end of an actin filament?
The plus end of an actin filament is the end where actin monomers are added more rapidly.
p.28
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Animal Cells
Which cytoskeletal components resist tension?
Microtubules (MTs), Actin Filaments (F-Actin), and Intermediate Filaments (IFs).
p.32
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the structure of microtubules?
Microtubules are cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins.
p.4
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
How do actin filaments (F-actin) contribute to the function of a human gut cell?
Actin filaments are involved in maintaining cell shape, enabling cell movement, and facilitating muscle contraction.
p.1
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What role do intermediate filaments play in eukaryotic cells?
Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and help maintain cell integrity.
p.32
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What are the primary functions of intermediate filaments?
Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support and help maintain cell integrity.
p.27
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What does A represent in the context of cytoskeletal components?
A represents Microtubules (MTs).
p.30
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the primary function of microtubules in plant cells?
Microtubules help in cell division, intracellular transport, and maintaining cell shape.
p.30
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
How do actin filaments (F-actin) contribute to plant cell function?
Actin filaments are involved in cell movement, cytoplasmic streaming, and maintaining cell shape.
p.12
Structure and Function of Microtubules
What is the pericentriolar material (PCM)?
The PCM is a matrix of proteins that surrounds the centrioles and assists in microtubule nucleation.
p.2
Structure and Function of Actin Filaments (F-Actin)
What role do actin filaments (F-actin) play in eukaryotic cells?
Actin filaments are crucial for cell movement, muscle contraction, and maintaining cell shape.
p.2
Summary of Cytoskeletal Components in Plant Cells
What are the main cytoskeletal components in plant cells?
Plant cells primarily contain microtubules and actin filaments, with fewer intermediate filaments compared to animal cells.
p.2
Structure and Function of Intermediate Filaments
What is the primary function of intermediate filaments in eukaryotic cells?
Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support and help maintain the integrity of cells and tissues.
p.2
Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons
How does the eukaryotic cytoskeleton differ from the prokaryotic cytoskeleton?
The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is more complex, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, whereas the prokaryotic cytoskeleton is simpler and less diverse.
