p.4
Trauma Management Principles
What is the first step in the systematic approach to trauma management?
Airway maintenance with restriction of cervical spine motion.
p.3
Prehospital Trauma Care
What does SAMPLE stand for in trauma assessment?
Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medication, Past Medical History, Last Oral Intake, Events leading up to the incident.
p.3
Prehospital Trauma Care
What is the goal of improved prehospital care?
Reduction in prehospital mortality.
p.7
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What is the purpose of massive transfusion protocols?
To administer blood components at predefined low ratios.
p.9
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
Why is recording important in the Secondary Survey?
For forensic purposes and to ensure accurate documentation.
p.4
Neurological Assessment in Trauma
What does the 'D' in the systematic approach assess?
Disability, which is the assessment of neurologic status.
p.8
Environmental Control and Hypothermia Prevention
What is prioritized over the comfort of healthcare providers in trauma care?
The patient's body temperature.
p.5
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
What indicates no major airway compromise during the assessment?
Breathing is not severely compromised and level of consciousness is not markedly decreased.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
What are signs of airway obstruction?
Inspecting for foreign bodies and identifying facial, mandibular, or tracheal/laryngeal fractures.
p.7
Neurological Assessment in Trauma
What factors can alter a patient's level of consciousness?
Hypoglycemia, alcohol, narcotics, and other drugs.
p.4
Environmental Control and Hypothermia Prevention
What is the purpose of the 'E' in the systematic approach?
Exposure and environmental control.
p.8
Environmental Control and Hypothermia Prevention
Why is hypothermia a concern in injured patients?
It is a potentially lethal complication.
p.7
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What is not a substitute for definitive control of hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock?
Aggressive and continued volume resuscitation.
p.1
Global Trauma Statistics
What are the top three injury-related causes of death for ages 5-29?
Motor vehicle crashes (MVC), homicide, and suicide.
p.7
Neurological Assessment in Trauma
What does a rapid neurologic evaluation assess?
Level of consciousness, pupillary size and reaction, lateralizing signs, and spinal cord injury level.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
What should be done to clear accumulated blood or secretions?
Suctioning to clear the airway.
p.9
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
What are the 2Rs in the Secondary Survey?
Record (Forensic) and Reevaluate.
p.4
Trauma Management Principles
What does the 'B' in the systematic approach stand for?
Breathing and ventilation.
p.1
Global Trauma Statistics
How many people die each year from violence and unintentional injuries worldwide?
Approximately 4.4 million.
p.7
Neurological Assessment in Trauma
What is the GCS used for?
To determine the level of consciousness.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
Why is frequent reevaluation of airway patency essential?
To identify patients losing the ability to maintain an adequate airway.
p.3
Prehospital Trauma Care
What does ABCDE stand for in trauma care?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure.
p.2
Trauma Management Principles
What does ATLS stand for?
Advanced Trauma Life Support.
p.1
Global Trauma Statistics
What is the impact of trauma on disability and health care needs?
It leads to temporary or permanent disability and the need for long-term physical and mental health care.
p.6
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What is essential for definitive bleeding control?
Appropriate replacement of intravascular volume.
p.6
Breathing and Ventilation
What is required for adequate ventilation?
A patent airway and adequate function of the lungs, chest wall, and diaphragm.
p.8
Environmental Control and Hypothermia Prevention
What should be done to facilitate a thorough examination of a trauma patient?
Completely undress the patient, usually by cutting off their garments.
p.7
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What was found to independently increase the odds ratio of death in trauma patients?
Crystalloid resuscitation of more than 1.5 L.
p.5
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
What is the first step in the ABCD 10-second assessment?
Identifying yourself and asking the patient for their name and what happened.
p.6
Breathing and Ventilation
What should be checked during the secondary survey for ventilation assessment?
Jugular venous distention, position of the trachea, and chest wall excursion.
p.4
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What is the focus of the 'C' in the systematic approach?
Circulation with hemorrhage control.
p.8
Use of Adjuncts in Trauma Care
What adjuncts are used in trauma assessment?
ECG, SpO2, ETCO2, labs, aBG, urinary and gastric catheters, eFAST, X-ray, and CT.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
What is the primary focus of airway maintenance?
Maintaining airway patency while restricting cervical spine motion.
p.1
Global Trauma Statistics
How has the situation regarding trauma changed in the developing world since 2000?
There has been almost a 50% increase in healthy life-years lost.
p.6
Breathing and Ventilation
What injuries can compromise ventilation?
Tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, open pneumothorax, and tracheal or bronchial injuries.
p.7
Neurological Assessment in Trauma
What should be immediately reevaluated if a patient has an altered level of consciousness?
Oxygenation, ventilation, and perfusion status.
p.3
Prehospital Trauma Care
What are the key components of prehospital care?
Airway maintenance, control of external bleeding and shock, immobilization of the patient, and prevention of hypothermia.
p.3
Prehospital Trauma Care
What does METHANE stand for in incident reporting?
Major Incident, Exact Location, Type of Incident, Hazards, Access, Number of casualties, Emergency Services.
p.2
Global Trauma Statistics
What is the most common cause of trauma admissions in Switzerland?
Falls less than 3 meters (45.9%).
p.6
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What are the signs of hypovolemia in a patient?
Ashen, gray facial skin, cold and pale extremities.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
What might an altered level of consciousness indicate?
It can be a symptom of a cervical spine issue or caused by toxins.
p.9
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
What does the Secondary Survey involve?
A comprehensive assessment including history-taking and physical examination.
p.3
Prehospital Trauma Care
What should be prepared for the arrival of a trauma patient?
Resuscitation area, all equipment needed (ABCDE), monitoring, warmed crystalloids, blood bank, and laboratory and radiology on standby.
p.7
Neurological Assessment in Trauma
What distinguishes primary brain injury from secondary brain injury?
Primary is direct cerebral injury; secondary is decreased cerebral oxygenation and/or perfusion.
p.8
Environmental Control and Hypothermia Prevention
How should intravenous fluids be prepared for a trauma patient?
Warm them before infusing.
p.6
Trauma Management Principles
What is a significant drawback of spinal immobilization?
It does NOT help immobilize the cervical spine and can increase the difficulty of airway management.
p.6
Trauma Management Principles
What can spinal immobilization lead to in trauma patients?
Pressure ulcers and worsened pulmonary function.
p.7
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What role does tranexamic acid play in trauma care?
It is used preemptively in severely injured patients within 3 hours of injury.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
Should we intubate everyone with an altered level of consciousness?
No, not everyone needs intubation.
p.9
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
What is the purpose of the Secondary Survey in trauma assessment?
To conduct a full history and full exam of the patient.
p.8
Environmental Control and Hypothermia Prevention
What should be done after assessing a trauma patient to prevent hypothermia?
Cover the patient with warm blankets or an external warming device.
p.7
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What type of fluids should be used for volume resuscitation?
Warm intravenous fluids or blood.
p.8
Environmental Control and Hypothermia Prevention
What should be done to the temperature of the resuscitation area?
Increase it to minimize the loss of body heat.
p.6
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What should be considered as a cause of hypotension following injury?
Blood loss until proven otherwise.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
What Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score suggests the need for definitive airway management?
A GCS score of 8 or lower.
p.2
The Golden Hour in Trauma Care
What is the significance of the Golden Hour in trauma care?
It is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality.
p.2
Trauma Management Principles
What is the primary focus of ATLS?
To treat life-threatening conditions first.
p.2
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
What does the 'ABCDE' approach in trauma assessment stand for?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure.
p.5
Airway Management Techniques
What initial interventions can be used for airway management?
Jaw-thrust or chin-lift maneuver.
p.2
Trauma Management Principles
What is the purpose of standardization in trauma care?
To ensure a common language and approach across the rescue chain.
p.2
Primary Survey in Trauma Assessment
What does CABCDE refer to in trauma situations?
A modified approach used in hemorrhagic situations.
p.6
Circulation and Hemorrhage Control
What should be assessed during the primary survey for circulation?
External hemorrhage and central pulse quality.
p.7
Neurological Assessment in Trauma
What are the main goals of initial management to prevent secondary brain injury?
Maintaining adequate oxygenation and perfusion.
