Malignant tumors often recur, while benign tumors rarely do.
Spread of malignant tumors to distant sites not contiguous with the main tumor.
Yes, they invade adjacent tissue but do not metastasize.
It is important for the identification and naming of the tumor.
–oma.
Tumors of primitive fetal origin, such as retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma.
Abnormal mitosis, such as tri- and quadripolar mitosis.
Yes, some benign tumors may grow rapidly.
A benign neoplasm is limited new growth without invasion or spread, while a malignant neoplasm involves invasive growth that also spreads.
A/ True.
The majority occur in infants and children.
Basal cell carcinoma and glial tumors.
It is a pre-stage of invasion.
Because it is caused by DNA mutations, which are mostly acquired spontaneously or induced by environmental insults.
An abnormal development or growth of tissues, organs, or cells.
Any cell can be transformed, leading to growth and then a neoplasm.
Well differentiated.
Benign tumors often have a capsule and limited growth, while malignant tumors invade and destroy surrounding tissue.
Sarcoma.
Increased nuclear size, variation in nuclear and cell size (pleomorphism), loss of differentiating features, and increased nuclear DNA content (hyperchromatism).
A reversion of cells to a more primitive or undifferentiated state.
Excision by wide margin.
Granuloma and lymphoma, which do not follow the typical naming convention.
A condition where cells are undifferentiated and may appear immature.
Prominent and irregular shape.
It refers to cancer that is localized and has not invaded surrounding tissues.
B
Cancer cells invade the basement membrane.
By the tissue of origin with the suffix –oma, e.g., fibroma, lipoma.
Benign tumors are similar to the cell of origin and can be well, moderately, or undifferentiated.
Increased, hyperchromatic nuclear chromatin.
Nuclei are small and normochromatic with fewer mutations.
By cell of origin, behavior (benign or malignant), appearance, and degree of differentiation.
Benign tumors usually grow slowly, while malignant tumors grow rapidly.
Pleomorphic with variable degrees of differentiation.
C/ Invasion.
A tumor of germ cell origin that may be benign or malignant, usually located in the ovary or testes.
Nuclei are large and hyperchromatic with more mutations.
C
Entire epithelial thickness shows dysplasia, and the basement membrane is intact.
Prominent nucleoli.
Rapid growth with progressive infiltration and invasion.
Osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma.
A condition where there is no similarity in growth between the new tissue and the tissue of origin.
It refers to where the tumor arises from, such as epithelial or connective tissue.
A new growth of cells or an abnormal mass of tissue that exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue growth, persisting after the cessation of growth stimuli.
The degree of resemblance of the tumor cell to its cell of origin, functionally and morphologically.
The study of neoplasia in all its aspects.
Tumor may be used instead of neoplasm but is not accurate; neoplasm specifically refers to abnormal growth.
It refers to cancer that has spread beyond its original site into surrounding tissues.
They have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.
Slow growth and expansile, not invasive.
The capsule surrounds the tumor with fibrous tissue, limiting growth and preventing local invasion.
Increased DNA content in the nucleus, making it appear darker.
Malignant tumors can metastasize to distant sites.
Invasion of the basement membrane.
Invasion must happen.
Benign tumors rarely come back after removal, while malignant tumors may recur.
Cancer.
They can invade and destroy tissues, using tissue nutrients and leading to tissue necrosis.
Malignant tumors invade locally, while benign tumors do not.
1. Well differentiated, low grade; 2. Moderately differentiated, intermediate grade; 3. Poorly differentiated, high grade; 4. Undifferentiated, high grade.
Carcinoma.
Yes.
Loss of uniformity of individual cells and their architectural orientation.
Normal cells and benign neoplasms are monomorphic, while malignant cells are pleomorphic.
