p.2
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the setting reaction of Compomer?
The setting reaction of Compomer involves free radical polymerization and a delayed acid-base reaction.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the minimum thickness of cement required during restorative aesthetic procedures?
Minimum thickness of 1mm cement.
p.5
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What are the three main components of glass used in glass ionomer cements?
Silica, Alumina, and Calcium fluoride.
p.5
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the composition of glass ionomer cements?
They consist of powder (sodium aluminosilicate glass, 20% CaF, and other minor additives) and liquid (aqueous solutions of acrylic acid, maleic acid, and tartaric acid).
p.16
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are the advantages of tunnel restoration?
Less potential for restorative overhang, preservation of marginal ridge, reduced perimeter of restoration decreasing potential for microleakage, and reduced potential for damaging adjacent tooth.
p.8
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What mechanisms are involved in the adhesion of GIC?
Adhesion is likely due to diffusion and adsorption phenomena, requiring the presence of water for true ionic exchange.
p.3
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is a disadvantage of silicate cements?
They stain easily and have poor marginal adaptation, which can lead to seepage and pulp death.
p.18
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
How should the dentin surface be prepared before applying glass ionomer cement?
Wash and hydrate the dentin surface.
p.14
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
How does the fluoride release of metal-reinforced materials compare to conventional GIC?
Fluoride release is similar to conventional GIC.
p.3
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What physical properties should restorative materials possess?
They should not erode or dissolve in saliva, have good resistance to wear and fracture, thermal properties similar to tooth, adhesion to tooth structure, minimal dimensional changes on setting, good polishability, and be radiopaque.
p.13
Troubleshooting and Common Issues with GIC
What can cause sensitivity in dental restorations?
Possible causes include too thin a mix, hydraulic pressure from seating a crown, prior bacterial contamination, open tubules from dentin conditioners, excessive drying of dentin, marginal leakage, pre-existing pulpitis, high occlusion, and improper clinical technique.
p.4
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What are the three layers of set cement?
Inner core: unreacted particles; Middle layer: siliceous gel bonded to core by Si-Ol-Al bonds; Outer layer: hydrated aluminium phosphate gel bonded to siliceous gel by H-bonded molecules.
p.11
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What are the two main components of resin-modified glass ionomer cement?
Basic glass and acidic polymer.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What factors contribute to good adhesion in dental bonding?
Good adhesion depends on good wetting, a smooth surface, removal of surface contaminants, and availability of free polyalkenoic acid to interact with enamel and dentine.
p.13
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What are some examples of Type II restorative cements?
Examples include conventional cements like Fuji II, Fuji cap II, Fuji IX, and Ketac Fil, as well as resin modified cements like Fuji UU LC and hotac Fil.
p.19
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements (RMGIC)
How can resin-modified glass ionomer cements be cured?
RMGICs can be light or chemically cured.
p.16
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What is the clinical usage of GIC in atraumatic restorative treatment?
Useful in isolated communities, economically disadvantaged groups, and house-bound elderly. It involves controlling caries and stimulating remineralization.
p.11
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What type of glass ionomer cement should be used where high radiopacity is required?
Type II.2 (metal-reinforced) cement.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the role of calcium fluoro alumino silicate glass in GIC?
It increases reactivity and reacts with polyalkenoic acids, with a higher ratio of alumina to silica compared to silicates.
p.16
Troubleshooting and Common Issues with GIC
What are the disadvantages of tunnel restoration?
Highly technique sensitive, preparation passes close to pulp, decreased visibility making caries removal uncertain, and potential reduction in marginal ridge strength.
p.11
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the primary curing mechanism of resin-modified glass ionomer cement?
It sets by an acid-base reaction supplemented by a polymerization reaction.
p.19
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is a key benefit of glass ionomer cements in terms of adhesion?
GICs provide long-term adhesion due to chemical bonding to tooth structures.
p.15
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are some applications of Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC) in orthodontics?
GIC can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets, with examples including Fuji Ortho and Fuji Ortho LC (dual cure).
p.8
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is the significance of adhesion of GIC to tooth structure?
It is the most important property, allowing for a conservative approach to restoration and bonding to enamel and dentin.
p.13
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are the clinical applications of Type II restorative cements?
Clinical applications include restorations of primary and permanent teeth, repair of defective restoration margins, temporary restorations, and aesthetic restorations.
p.12
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What are the advantages of handmixed powder-liquid RMGIC?
Control over the amount of cement and custom shading possible since powders can be blended.
p.4
Fluoride Release and Anti-Cariogenic Properties
What effect does fluoride have in terms of anti-cariogenic action?
Fluoride reduces enamel acid solubility, acts as an enzyme inhibitor to prevent carbohydrate metabolism by bacteria, and reduces wettability of enamel, making plaque accumulation more difficult.
p.11
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What does the term 'dual cure' refer to in the context of resin-modified GIC?
A curing process that involves both acid-base reaction and polymerization.
p.10
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How long should GIC be etched for optimal bonding?
GIC should be etched for 10-15 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid.
p.10
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What are the effects of prolonged etching on GIC?
Prolonged etching can cause excessive porosity and matrix dissolution, which is detrimental to cement strength.
p.16
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What are the advantages of GIC over acrylic bone cements?
Lack of exotherm during setting, absence of monomer, improved release of therapeutic agents, and stable integration with bone affecting growth/development.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
How long should the light cure be applied after placing mixed cement on dentin surfaces?
Light cure for 30 seconds.
p.3
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What are the main components of silicate cements?
Powder: calcium alumino silicate, silica, alumina, sodium or calcium phosphate, sodium or calcium fluoride, arsenic (<2ppm); Liquid: phosphoric acid, aluminium phosphate, zinc phosphate, water.
p.10
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the sandwich technique in bonding to composite resins?
The sandwich technique combines the aesthetics of composites with the adhesion to tooth structure and fluoride release of GIC, reducing bulk composite and subsequent polymerization shrinkage.
p.2
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the composition of Compomer?
Compomer consists of ion-leachable glass, glass & silica fillers, dimethacrylate monomers, polyacid-modified methacrylate monomers, photoinitiators, and silane coupling agents.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What improvements does tartaric acid provide in GIC?
It improves handling characteristics, increases working time, and decreases setting time.
p.8
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What role does collagen play in improving adhesion of GIC?
GIC shows some degree of adhesion to collagen of dentin through hydrogen bonding or metallic ion bridging.
p.4
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
How does Glass Ionomer Cement bond to tooth structure compared to Silicate Cement?
Glass Ionomer Cement bonds to tooth structure and causes minimal pulp irritation, while Silicate Cement does not bond to tooth structure and is harmful to pulp.
p.4
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is a significant property of set cement regarding its physical state over time?
Set cement shrinks on hardening, with greater shrinkage when allowed to dry out, which can cause marginal discolouration.
p.4
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the role of water in the formation of set cement?
Water is essential for the formation of cement.
p.7
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is the biocompatibility of GIC in terms of pulp irritation?
GIC has low pulp irritation due to its weak acid nature.
p.5
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What process is used to prepare the glass mixture for glass ionomer cements?
The mixture is fused at high temperature, then shocked-cooled and finely ground to powder before use.
p.3
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What aesthetic requirement is expected from restorative materials?
Good and long-term aesthetics.
p.16
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the technique for tunnel restoration (Class II) using GIC?
Protect adjacent tooth with a matrix band, use a small round bur to gain entry via occlusal fossa, tunnel under the marginal ridge towards the interproximal carious lesion, and inject GIC.
p.8
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What percentage of maximum bond strength is developed in 15 minutes?
80% of maximum bond strength.
p.8
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How does bonding strength compare between different types of GIC?
Bond strengths are: Resin-modified > Conventional > metal-reinforced, with superior wetting ability of HEMA.
p.10
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What is the minimum cement thickness recommended for clinical applications?
A minimum cement thickness of 0.5mm is recommended.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How can bonding to tooth structure be increased?
Bonding can be increased by cleaning with a pumice-water slurry or using surface conditioners.
p.2
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is a Resin-based composite?
A Resin-based composite is a polymer that sets by polymerization reaction and requires an initiator and bonding agent, which is a disadvantage.
p.2
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the composition of Resin-based composite?
Resin-based composite consists of glass & silica fillers, dimethacrylate monomers, photoinitiators, and silane coupling agents.
p.10
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What are the advantages of using microfills in anterior teeth?
Microfills offer better polishability, translucency, and a low modulus of elasticity.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What does the set cement of GIC consist of?
It is a composite of original glass particles sheathed by siliceous hydrogel, bonded by a matrix phase of hydrated fluoridated calcium and aluminium polysalt.
p.1
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are the advantages of GIC?
GIC does not require a bonding agent and has anti-cariogenic properties due to leachable ions.
p.1
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What type of reaction occurs during the setting of GIC?
The setting reaction of GIC is an acid-base reaction, not a polymerization reaction.
p.3
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are the biological requirements of restorative materials?
Non-toxic and cariostatic.
p.5
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are the general contraindications for using glass ionomer cements?
Stress-bearing areas such as large class II & IV cavities in permanent teeth and large aesthetic areas like class IV cavities.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the purpose of using GC Dentin conditioner during cavity preparation?
To condition the cavity using 10% polyacrylic acid for 20 seconds.
p.12
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements (RMGIC)
What is the amount of resin in the final set material of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements (RMGIC)?
The amount of resin in the final set material is between 4-6%.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
How does itaconic acid affect the viscosity of GIC?
It reduces viscosity, allowing for easier mixing and inhibits gelation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
p.16
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the close sandwich restoration technique?
Cavity preparation involves beveling enamel margins for Class III, IV, V, and lining or base cavity with GIC (vitrebond).
p.15
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are some benefits of using GIC liners?
GIC liners act as cavity sealers, provide fluoride release, adhere to tooth structure, and have antibacterial action that promotes pulp health.
p.11
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the purpose of replacing the water component with a water/HEMA mixture in resin-modified GIC?
To achieve two matrix forming reactions resulting in separate phases.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is the purpose of conditioners in dental bonding?
Conditioners clean the tooth surface, remove the smear layer, increase surface energy, and allow cement to come into intimate contact with the tooth surface.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is the difference between conditioning and etching?
Conditioning removes the smear layer without demineralizing the tooth, while etching typically involves the use of acids to demineralize the surface.
p.11
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is a key advantage of resin-modified glass ionomer cements over conventional GIC?
They overcome moisture sensitivity and low early mechanical strengths.
p.18
Troubleshooting and Common Issues with GIC
What can cause loss of retention in glass ionomer cement restorations?
Failure to clean and condition the tooth or manipulation of cement after initial set.
p.7
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What effect does increasing the alumina:silica ratio have on the setting rate of Glass Ionomer Cements?
It increases the setting rate.
p.1
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How does GIC adhere to tooth structure?
GIC adheres to tooth structure through ionic bonding and micromechanical retention.
p.8
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion for Conventional Type II GIC?
11, which is similar to enamel (11.4) and dentin (8.3).
p.8
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
How does the translucency of GIC change over time?
Translucency improves with the maturity of the cement, but early contamination with water can make it more opaque.
p.3
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the setting process of silicate cements?
Hydrogen ions from phosphoric acid attack the glass, displacing aluminium ions, leading to a rise in pH and precipitation of metal phosphates and fluorides to form the matrix.
p.18
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the first step in the placement of glass ionomer cement?
Follow manufacturers instructions.
p.12
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What are the advantages of using capsules for RMGIC?
Convenient, consistent powder:liquid ratio, and elimination of variations associated with hand spatulation.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What are the two distinct phases in the setting of GIC?
The two phases are dissolution and gelation.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What occurs during the dissolution phase of GIC?
The surface of glass is attacked by polyacid, leading to limited dissolution and the release of calcium, aluminium, and fluoride ions.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the purpose of using a transparent cervical matrix for Class V restorations?
To facilitate dual curing.
p.12
Fluoride Release and Anti-Cariogenic Properties
What is a key property of RMGIC regarding fluoride?
RMGIC releases fluoride, which is beneficial for dental health.
p.14
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What is a significant characteristic of the setting time for metal-reinforced materials?
They have a fast set with early resistance to water uptake but remain susceptible to dehydration for 2 weeks.
p.1
Introduction to Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC)
What is Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)?
GIC is a glass powder with silicate-based glass, such as Vitrebond, that forms ionic bonds with calcium and phosphate of enamel/dentin.
p.9
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
How is bond strength measured in dental materials?
Bond strength is measured by the load required to fracture the bond divided by the cross-sectional area.
p.1
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are the advantages of RMGIC over GIC?
RMGIC is light curable and less sensitive to water than GIC.
p.7
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
How does desiccation affect the strength of GIC?
Desiccation decreases the strength of GIC.
p.19
Fluoride Release and Anti-Cariogenic Properties
What is one advantage of glass ionomer cements related to fluoride?
One advantage of GIC is fluoride release, which has cariostatic properties.
p.8
Fluoride Release and Anti-Cariogenic Properties
What is the cariostatic effect of fluoride release in GIC?
Fluoride release provides a cariostatic effect and can release fluoride over extended periods, mainly as NaF and some as CaF.
p.15
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What is an example of a GIC used as a bonding agent for composites?
Fuji Bond LC is an example of a GIC used as a bonding agent for composites.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What should be done after applying the GC cavity conditioner?
Wash and dry, but don’t desiccate dentin.
p.4
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is the initial pH of set cement and how does it change over time?
The initial pH is 2.8 and increases to 5.8 after 28 days.
p.15
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is the typical thickness for liners made from GIC?
Liners made from GIC are typically placed with minimal thickness, usually less than 0.5mm.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is the composition of the dentin smear layer?
The dentin smear layer contains hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals and denatured collagen, and is typically 1-5 μm thick.
p.2
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How does Compomer adhere to tooth structure?
Compomer adheres to tooth structure through micromechanical bonding with adhesive.
p.18
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the recommended mixing method for glass ionomer cement?
Shake the bottle and place a spatula into the liquid, then add 2 drops of liquid.
p.18
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the initial setting time for Fuji II (auto cure) glass ionomer cement?
Allow for an initial set of material for 3 minutes.
p.2
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the setting reaction of Resin-based composite?
The setting reaction of Resin-based composite involves free radical polymerization.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How do resin-modified glass ionomers differ in their conditioning solutions?
Resin-modified glass ionomers may use other solutions, such as citric acid and ferric chloride, instead of polyacrylic acid.
p.18
Troubleshooting and Common Issues with GIC
What is the recommended action if gingival irritation occurs after glass ionomer cement placement?
Ensure proper finishing/polishing of the restoration and remove excess material.
p.7
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the impact of the powder:liquid ratio on the setting rate of GIC?
An increased powder:liquid ratio results in a higher setting rate.
p.1
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How does RMGIC adhere to tooth structure?
RMGIC adheres to tooth structure through ionic bonding and micromechanical retention, but it loses chemical bonding and fluoride release.
p.5
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What additional materials may be included in glass ionomer cements?
Sodium and aluminium fluorides, calcium or aluminum phosphates, and sometimes strontium.
p.16
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are the indications for using GIC in atraumatic restorative treatment?
Single surface caries (Class I, III, V) and multi-surface cavities (Class I & II).
p.13
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What is the powder to liquid ratio for Type II restorative cements?
The powder to liquid ratio for Type II restorative cements is between 2.8:1 to 6.8:1.
p.2
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What are the properties of Compomer?
Compomer adds GIC properties to composite-based material and includes the addition of fluoride release.
p.13
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What are the advantages of using Type II restorative cements?
Advantages include their ability to be auto or dual cure, with most dual cure materials being radiopaque.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What is the recommended action after applying adhesive to enamel, liner/base, and cementum?
Light cure for 10 seconds.
p.4
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What materials are used to create Glass Ionomer Cement?
Polyacrylic acid and Calcium alumino silicate.
p.8
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How does GIC bond to hydroxyapatite?
Polyalkenoic chains penetrate the surface of hydroxyapatite, displacing phosphate ions and forming an ion-exchange layer.
p.11
Classification of GIC
What is the classification basis for glass ionomer cements according to Mount 1994?
Powder:liquid ratio, manufacturing process, and clinical applications.
p.11
Classification of GIC
What are the types of glass ionomer cements classified under Type II?
Type II.1 - Restorative aesthetic cements, Type II.2 - Restorative reinforced cements.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is formed during the maturation phase of GIC?
Aluminium salts are formed, leading to more rigid cross-linking and progressive hydration of the matrix salts.
p.14
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are some examples of metal-reinforced materials?
Ketac Silver, Chelon silver, Miracle Mix.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is the significance of the dentin primer in bonding?
The dentin primer consists of molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics that penetrate into the demineralized collagen network to form a hybrid layer.
p.7
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What role does water play in the setting reaction of GIC?
Water acts as a reaction medium, hydrates the cross-linked matrix, and increases material strength.
p.19
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements (RMGIC)
What is the primary reaction in resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs)?
The primary reaction in RMGICs is an acid-base reaction supplemented by a second polymerization reaction.
p.5
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are some clinical applications of glass ionomer cements?
Cementation of fixed prostheses, restorations of primary and permanent teeth, repair of defective restoration margins, temporary restorations, and bonding of orthodontic brackets.
p.3
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What types of materials are classified as cements in restorative dentistry?
Silicate cements and glass ionomer cements.
p.15
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What is a GIC example used as a root canal sealer?
Ketac-Endo is an example of a GIC used as a root canal sealer.
p.15
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are the physical properties of GIC that improve with increased powder content?
The physical properties of GIC improve as the powder content increases, and they can be auto or dual cure.
p.10
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What are the two types of sandwich techniques?
A) Close: GIC is not exposed, using Type II or III cement. B) Open: GIC is exposed, cement extends to cavo-surface, improving seal at dentin/cementum margins, using Type II cement or Type III cement at high powder:liquid ratio.
p.14
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What is the bond strength comparison among different types of restorative materials?
Resin-modified > conventional > metal-reinforced
p.12
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are the advantages of Type I luting cements?
Sufficiently long working time, improved setting characteristics, rapid development of early strength, and less sensitivity to water gain or loss.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What should be done to control contamination during the isolation of teeth?
Control bleeding and sulcular fluid from contaminating cement.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the significance of calcium and aluminium ions in GIC?
Calcium ions are released faster and help in setting, while aluminium ions form trivalent bonds and can take longer to diffuse.
p.6
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What happens during the gelation phase of GIC?
Cross-linking occurs, forming calcium polysalt and increasing pH as polyacid is converted to polysalt.
p.12
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the powder:liquid ratio for RMGIC?
The powder:liquid ratio is 1.5:1.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is the role of phosphoric acid in enamel bonding?
Phosphoric acid selectively removes hydroxyapatite crystals, creating microporosities that are penetrated by hydrophobic monomers.
p.14
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What methods are used to enhance the properties of conventional cements?
Addition of metal particles to form admixed restorative materials and high-heat sintering of silver ions to glass powder.
p.7
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What happens to GIC if it is exposed to air during the setting reaction?
It can dehydrate, which retards the reaction and may cause shrinkage or crazing.
p.18
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What should be done to prevent contamination during the application of glass ionomer cement?
Don’t allow contamination by saliva, blood, or sulcular fluid.
p.14
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What are the physical properties of metal-reinforced materials compared to conventional GIC?
Tensile strength and fracture resistance are marginally greater than conventional GIC but less than RMGIC, with good wear resistance.
p.14
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What is the radiopacity of metal-reinforced materials compared to amalgam?
It is similar to amalgam due to the presence of silver/silver alloys.
p.14
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What is the powder to liquid ratio for metal-reinforced materials?
The powder:liquid ratio is 2:1.
p.10
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What type of composites are recommended for posterior teeth?
Hybrids are recommended for posterior teeth due to their lower shrinkage and higher mechanical properties.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What are the different systems for modifying the smear layer in dentine?
The systems include smear layer modifying systems, smear layer dissolving systems, and smear layer removing systems.
p.14
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are some significant factors in the development of metal-reinforced materials?
Designed to provide improved physical properties, though research results on flexural strength, compressive strength, and wear are conflicting.
p.7
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is the solubility of GIC compared to other dental cements?
GIC has slightly higher solubility in water but low solubility in the oral environment.
p.15
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What is the retention rate of GIC pit and fissure sealants after 2 years?
The retention rate of GIC pit and fissure sealants after 2 years is 14-26%, which is lower than resin-based sealants.
p.15
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What is an example of a GIC used for sealing occlusal pits and fissures?
Fuji III is an example of a GIC used for sealing and filling occlusal pits and fissures showing early signs of caries.
p.17
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What should be done in deep preparations close to the pulp?
Place calcium hydroxide (Dycal) for pulpal protection.
p.18
Troubleshooting and Common Issues with GIC
What is a common cause of loss of translucency in glass ionomer cement?
Moisture contamination or dehydration during initial setting.
p.18
Troubleshooting and Common Issues with GIC
What should be avoided to prevent cracks and crazing in glass ionomer cement?
Finishing/polishing too soon and dehydration.
p.7
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
How does particle size influence the setting rate of GIC?
Decreasing particle size increases the setting rate due to increased surface area.
p.12
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is a disadvantage of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements?
Setting shrinkage is higher (1%) and depth of cure can be an issue.
p.12
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are some clinical applications of RMGIC?
Cementation of crowns, bridges, onlays/inlays, and orthodontic appliances, especially in caries-prone patients.
p.18
Techniques for GIC Application in Restorative Dentistry
What should be done after removing the celluloid strip/matrix from the restoration?
Cover the restoration with resin and trim away excess cement.
p.2
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
How does Resin-based composite adhere to tooth structure?
Resin-based composite adheres to tooth structure through micromechanical bonding with adhesive.
p.14
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What is the main clinical application of metal-reinforced materials?
In areas of difficult access where resin-modified GIC is contraindicated and aesthetics are not a concern.
p.1
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the composition of GIC?
GIC is composed of ion-leachable glass (aluminum, calcium, fluoride), water-soluble polyacids (carboxylic acid), and water.
p.7
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What is the compressive strength of GIC after one year?
The compressive strength is approximately 400 MPa.
p.1
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What type of reactions occur during the setting of RMGIC?
The setting of RMGIC involves free radical polymerization and an acid-base reaction.
p.10
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
Is etching necessary for resin-modified materials?
No, etching is not needed for resin-modified materials due to their chemical adhesion to composite.
p.9
Adhesion Mechanisms of GIC to Tooth Structure
What is the advantage of using a 10-25% aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid as a conditioner?
The advantage is that the remaining residue will not interfere with the setting reaction of the cement.
p.12
Comparison of GIC with Other Dental Cements
What are some examples of conventional and resin-modified GIC?
Conventional: Fuji I, Ketac Cem; Resin-modified: Fuji PLUS.
p.14
Clinical Applications of Glass Ionomer Cements
What are some specific clinical applications for metal-reinforced materials?
Restoration of posterior primary teeth, core buildup, repair of defective restorations, and sealing of bifurcation areas in periodontally involved teeth.
p.7
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
How does mixing temperature affect the setting rate of GIC?
Higher mixing temperatures increase the setting rate.
p.4
Fluoride Release and Anti-Cariogenic Properties
What is the anti-cariogenic effect of Glass Ionomer Cement?
It has a lower incidence of secondary and contact caries where silicate restorations are placed due to fluoride release from the cement.
What characteristics should be considered when selecting GIC?
Select GIC with small particle size and a high powder:liquid ratio for stronger cement and increased bond strength to composite.
p.1
Properties and Requirements of Restorative Materials
What are the disadvantages of GIC?
GIC has early water sensitivity (24h-48h) and requires a coating to prevent saliva/water contamination.
p.1
Introduction to Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC)
What is Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC)?
RMGIC is a hybrid material that includes a resin component placed inside GIC, featuring a dimethacrylate component for polymerization.
p.1
Composition and Setting Reactions of GIC
What is the composition of RMGIC?
RMGIC consists of ion-leachable glass, water-soluble polyacids (which may be methacrylate modified), methacrylate monomers, water, and photoinitiators.
