Options may include savings accounts, fixed deposits, mutual funds, stocks, or bonds.
Consider risk tolerance, potential returns, liquidity, investment duration, and financial goals.
Options may include personal loans, scholarships, part-time work, or borrowing from family.
Consider interest rates, repayment terms, eligibility for scholarships, and impact on future finances.
The art and science of managing money.
Fund transfer and redistribution processes involving instruments, platforms, infrastructure, institutions, and people.
More return is preferred to less.
Finance supports management in budgeting, forecasting, and strategic planning.
Entrepreneurs, investors, managers, dealers, regulators, and more.
To maximize shareholders' wealth while considering the wellbeing of other stakeholders.
Finance helps in budgeting and cost analysis for efficient operations and supply chain decisions.
Sustainable development that benefits society at large.
Investment funds where a small number of investors typically own virtually all shares in a firm.
Finance relies on accounting data to assess financial health and performance.
The value of a non-native currency denominated investment depends on changes in the exchange rate.
Finance provides the necessary funding and financial analysis for marketing strategies and new ventures.
Finance uses economic principles to analyze markets and make investment decisions.
The value maximization objective of the corporation.
They can lead to high-quality goods and services at reasonable prices, benefiting consumers.
Finance utilizes information systems for data analysis, reporting, and decision-making.
Investment funds that pool money from many investors to purchase a diversified portfolio of securities.
The risk that arises from investing or doing business in a particular country, depending on its economic, political, and social environment.
International trade deficits/surpluses, relative inflation and interest rates, and relative growth rates.
A conflict of interest between stakeholders, typically between management and shareholders.
They involve a small number of large investors investing in a wide range of securities, including derivatives.
Investment decisions and financing decisions.
It is shaped by human sentiments, attitudes, and behaviors, including rational and irrational actions.
The system by which companies are directed and controlled, focusing on the relationships among stakeholders.
Managerial or corporate finance activities focused on maximizing shareholder value.
Competition and consumer activism.
The potential conflict of interest between owners/shareholders and managers.
The sooner cash is received, the more valuable it is.
The threat of takeover.
Because they must also consider the wellbeing of other stakeholders.
It is essential at both individual and collective levels, including businesses and the macro-economy.
By tying managerial compensation packages to stock price.
Less risky assets are preferred to riskier assets.
The conflict between managers and stockholders where managers act in their own best interest.
The management of individual or household financial activities.
The study of how psychological factors affect investment decisions.
Investment funds that are traded on stock exchanges, similar to individual stocks.
They can directly intervene to align interests.
Because all entities earn/raise and spend/invest money and want to enhance utilities/welfare.
Financial institutions that provide a range of banking services to individuals and businesses.
They provide financial protection and investment options through life insurance policies.
The relationship where the principal (owners/shareholders) and agent (managers) may have conflicting interests.
Ethics is critical in finance, as in life.
The study of financial transactions that occur across international borders.
Platforms and entities that facilitate the exchange of financial assets and services.
Employment growth is higher in firms that focus on maximizing stock value, helping to attract, develop, and retain employees.
Conflicts of interest, insider trading, and transparency in financial reporting.
Investment pools that collect and invest money to provide retirement income for employees.
Firms that maximize stockholder value must produce high-quality goods at the lowest cost, benefiting consumers.
The use of financial instruments to manage risk and enhance returns.
The responsibility of corporations to consider the social and environmental impacts of their business decisions.
Raising and managing capital, providing advisory services, underwriting, M&A consulting, and wealth management.
