Complaints of deficiency, syndromic features, features of intrauterine infection, and metabolic abnormalities.
Physical growth
They are very important for the life of the baby and are sensitive to many factors.
Hydrocephalus
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Coarse features refer to the thickening of facial features, often seen in conditions like hypothyroidism and certain storage diseases.
Development
CHDR contains reference charts for normal growth, normal development, immunization schedule, feeding instructions, and stimulatory activities to improve skills.
Development
Consanguinity plays a role in the occurrence of familial genetic diseases.
Through ultrasound measurements of the fetus's size and growth rate.
At 10 years of age, the upper segment (US) equals the lower segment (LS).
6 months of age
Pain on movement, tenderness, weakness, abnormal gait, arthritis, bony tenderness, neurological features, abnormal appearance, postural abnormalities.
Look for other groups of lymph nodes and evidence of a local cause if it is localized. If generalized, look for evidence of hematological disease, infections, other malignancies, or connective tissue disease.
Oliguria, haematuria, and hypertension.
Malnutrition and hepato renal failure.
Heredity genetic factors, chromosomal and genetic defects, sex differences, intrauterine factors such as maternal diseases, infections, toxins (alcohol, tobacco smoke), pregnancy-related issues like gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and maternal psychological effects.
Spinal anomalies and incontinence.
Features of cyanotic heart disease.
Growth is directly related to nutrition. The human body requires an adequate supply of calories, essential amino acids, fatty acids, zinc, iodine, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins for proper growth. A deficiency in any of these can affect normal growth and development.
Coarse facial features, growth retardation, and developmental delays.
Hormones regulate physical growth, maturity, sexual maturity, and development.
Increased risk of developmental delays, chronic health conditions, and metabolic disorders.
Chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and hematological diseases affect physical growth more than development.
Wellness encompasses physical, mental, social, and emotional integrity and stability.
Neurological abnormalities and developmental delay.
Abnormal vital signs, evidence of sepsis, systemic illness, evidence of metabolic derangement, dehydration, malnutrition, signs related to systems, features of organ failure, and signs of abuse.
Las implicaciones de la odontología en el crecimiento y desarrollo infantil incluyen la prevención de caries, la corrección de maloclusiones y la promoción de hábitos de higiene oral adecuados.
Physical growth
The most common cause is an autoimmune condition called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Chromosomal and genetic defects can lead to abnormal growth and development in children.
Thyroxin.
There is a lot of difference in growth and development between girls and boys.
Some diseases can be prevented by vaccination.
It helps in informing parents and caregivers about ways to prevent health issues and promote wellness in children.
Children are routinely vaccinated against tuberculosis (BCG), diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT), hepatitis B, Hib, polio (OPV, IPV), measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR).
Socioeconomic status can affect child development through access to resources, educational opportunities, healthcare, and overall living conditions, which can impact both physical and cognitive growth.
Frequent absences, difficulty concentrating, or a sudden drop in grades.
Jaundice is diagnosed through physical examination and blood tests to measure bilirubin levels.
Signs include difficulty in interacting with others, forming relationships, or managing emotions.
A child's growth is considered normal if it follows the patterns on reference growth curves and falls within the expected range for their age and sex.
Fallot’s, Transposition of the Great Vessels (TGV), complex congenital heart disease (CHD), Eisenmenger's syndrome, and respiratory disease.
A chart that outlines the predicted manner in which children achieve developmental milestones.
Bleeding, bruising, rashes, infection and fever (bone marrow dysfunction), jaundice (haemolytic conditions), pallor, rashes, bleeding tendency, lymphadenopathy, bony tenderness, arthritis, hepatosplenomegaly.
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents is an autoimmune condition called Grave’s disease.
Shunt, spinal anomalies, neurological abnormalities, developmental delay, evidence of intrauterine infections, features of raised intracranial pressure
They are often smaller and have lower birth weights compared to their gestational age.
Short stature with body disproportion often involves abnormal proportions between the trunk and limbs.
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder that causes short stature with disproportionate limb length.
Maternal bonding and a stable family.
Impetigo presents as red sores or blisters that can rupture, ooze, and form a yellow-brown crust, commonly around the nose and mouth.
Withdrawal, fearfulness, anxiety, or sudden changes in behavior.
Normal growth indicators include consistent increases in height, weight, and head circumference according to standardized growth charts.
By comparing the child's measurements to standardized percentiles to determine if the child is growing at a normal rate.
Children differ from adults in terms of physical size, developmental stages, and physiological functions.
Growth is measured using methods such as height, weight, and head circumference measurements.
Basic examination includes checking vital signs, growth measurements, and a physical assessment of all body systems.
At birth, a baby demonstrates no deliberate fine motor skills; only reflex movements are seen.
All parameters should be increasing with age in parallel to the reference curves.
Growth retardation, overgrowth, developmental delay, manifestations of system abnormalities, fever, and symptoms related to specific systems.
All parameters should be increasing with age in parallel to the reference curves.
Look for systemic features.
Such information can be used to compare.
Overfeeding, tall for age, generalized fat distribution, no dysmorphic features, normal systems, and normal development.
Cough, difficulty in breathing, rhinorrhoea, dyspnoea, laboured breathing, cyanosis, chest recessions, abnormal respiratory rate, abnormal breath sounds, added sounds
Growth and developmental delay, abnormal sexual maturity, metabolic derangements, obesity
Being underweight, overweight or obese, constipation or changes in bowel habits, being pale or lethargic, tooth decay, poor physical growth.
Signs of hyperthyroidism can include feeling jumpy, fast heartbeat, enlarged thyroid, sweat and sleep problems, big appetite with weight loss, wide-eyed stare, and other problems like fainting and looser stool.
Look for rashes elsewhere, joint swellings, evidence of haemolytic anaemia, cardiac and pulmonary features, hepatosplenomegaly, and renal involvement.
Features of protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin deficiency signs
Environmental pollution negatively impacts human growth and development. For example, lead exposure from deteriorated lead-based paint in older housing can harm children by affecting the normal development of the brain and other organs and systems.
An unhygienic environment can promote infections such as diarrhoea, TB, and parasitic diseases, which cause growth retardation.
Respiratory failure and methaemoglobinaemia (rare; unlikely).
Generalized gross oedema.
The CHDR reference charts will be shown in the ward.
Symptomatic, supportive, specific, management of complications, and long-term management.
Parents and caregivers must have good knowledge in preparing clean, tasty, balanced, inexpensive, culturally acceptable, and locally available food.
Decreased energy, appearing swollen or puffy, weight gain without increased appetite, decreased growth rate, muscle soreness, constipation or harder stool less often, brittle hair, and dry skin.
Many factors
Children must be trained to appreciate quality food, reject junk food, and be grateful for what they are getting.
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite (LOA), diarrhoea, constipation
To confirm diagnosis, find aetiology, determine extent, identify complications, monitor disease, and monitor treatment.
Placental insufficiency, maternal health issues, and genetic factors.
At birth, the upper segment (US) is greater than the lower segment (LS).
Genetic testing can help identify specific mutations responsible for conditions like achondroplasia.
Systemic diseases can manifest dermatologically in children through symptoms like rashes, lesions, and changes in skin color or texture.
They are critical for the foundation of the skills which are developed in the following periods of the child’s life.
Psychological problems can hinder a child's growth and development by affecting their mental health and overall well-being.
Indicators include difficulty in learning, thinking, problem-solving, or understanding concepts.
Factors include genetics, nutrition, environment, and health conditions.
CHDR stands for Child Health Development Record.
Pentavalent 2 (DPT, Hep B, Hib), OPV 2, and IPV (fractional) 2nd dose.
Malnutrition and dehydration, syndromic features, evidence of chronic illnesses, evidence of neglect/abuse.
Intrauterine factors include maternal diseases, infections, toxins (alcohol, tobacco smoke), pregnancy-related issues such as gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and maternal psychological effects.
Diagnosis often involves clinical evaluation, radiographic imaging, and genetic testing.
Stable income, supportive relatives and friends, good housing, and a safe environment.
GH deficiency is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, growth charts, and blood tests to measure growth hormone levels.
Pentavalent 3 (DPT, Hep B, Hib), OPV 3, and IPV (fractional) 3rd dose.
At 3 years, a child can draw circles.
Genetic abnormalities are changes or mutations in the DNA sequence that can lead to various health conditions or syndromes.
A normal nervous system is essential for growth and more importantly for development.
They can lead to various abnormalities in development and growth.
Early diagnosis and treatment are important to maintain normal growth and development.
Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can prevent complications and promote better health outcomes.
It helps in identifying any deviations from normal growth patterns early, allowing for prompt management and support.
Nutritional factors can significantly influence a child's growth and development by providing or lacking essential nutrients needed for proper growth.
Family dynamics, such as the quality of parent-child relationships, parenting styles, and the presence of conflict or support within the family, can significantly impact a child's emotional and social development.
Developmental delay is when a child does not reach their developmental milestones at the expected times.
Jaundice is a condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
Common treatments for jaundice in infants include phototherapy and, in severe cases, exchange transfusion.
At 12 months, a baby shows a mature pincer grasp.
At 3 years, a child can draw circles.
At 6 months, a baby reaches out for objects.
At 5 years.
Body proportions change in a predicted manner with age.
Potential causes include genetic disorders such as achondroplasia and other skeletal dysplasias.
After 10 years of age, the lower segment (LS) is greater than the upper segment (US).
To prevent potential health issues by addressing them early.
Treatments typically include regular injections of synthetic growth hormone to stimulate growth and development.
A child needs to be treated very carefully, with love and respect, and given full emotional support.
Psychosocial factors that can influence child development include family dynamics, socioeconomic status, parental education, and exposure to stress or trauma.
Growth in a child refers to the physical increase in size, including height, weight, and head circumference.
At 6 months, a baby reaches out for objects.
Untreated jaundice can lead to serious complications such as kernicterus, which can cause brain damage.
Early intervention can provide support and resources to help children catch up in their development.
At 10 months, a baby shows an immature pincer grasp.
At 18 months, a baby can hold a cup and drink.
It causes the body to produce antibodies that attack and destroy the thyroid gland, leading to reduced production of thyroid hormone.
Having healthy parents, siblings, and first-degree relatives with no familial diseases.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin, often presenting in children as red, swollen, and cracked skin.
Excessive fearfulness, extreme behavior (such as aggression or passivity), delayed emotional development, and lack of attachment to the parent or caregiver.
ACEs affect growth and development negatively.
By asking detailed questions about the child's health history, development, and any current concerns.
Exposure to stress or trauma can lead to emotional and behavioral issues, affect brain development, and increase the risk of mental health disorders, thereby hindering overall development.
They can manifest as difficulty in speaking, understanding language, or using words to communicate.
At 18 months, a baby can hold a cup and drink.
A syndrome is a group of symptoms that consistently occur together and are often associated with a particular genetic abnormality.
Oedema, dyspnoea on exertion, cyanosis, pallor, associated congenital anomalies or syndromic features.
Abnormal pulse, BP, heart sounds, murmurs, basal crepitations, liver enlargement.
Common symptoms include short stature, increased fat around the waist, delayed tooth development, and delayed puberty.
Sudden changes in behavior, withdrawal from friends or usual activities, anxiety, depression, and unexplained injuries.
The immunization schedule is given in the CHDR.
At 3 months, a baby can keep/hold an object given to their hand.
At 7 months, a baby will transfer a toy from hand to hand.
At 2 years, a child can scribble with a pen.
At 3 months, a baby can keep/hold an object given to their hand.
At 2 years, a child can scribble with a pen.
A stable marital relationship of the parents is very important for growth and development.
Musculoskeletal anomalies can give rise to various abnormalities in development as well as growth.
Poor hygiene, untreated medical issues, consistent hunger, and inappropriate clothing for weather conditions.
It ensures an optimum psychological background for growth and development.
Prevention of diseases is important to ensure normal growth and development in children.
Social and emotional problems such as physical, mental, and sexual abuse, addiction, violence, and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can negatively impact a child's growth and development.
Parental education is important because it often correlates with better parenting practices, higher expectations for academic achievement, and greater access to resources that support a child's development.
A sign might be a child not being able to sit, stand, or walk at the expected age.
By observing the child's abilities and comparing them to standardized developmental checklists.
Reference growth curves are standardized charts used to compare a child's growth to a population norm.
CHDR provides information on a child's growth measurements, developmental milestones, immunizations, and health screenings.
Chronic diseases can cause growth and developmental errors.
The involvement of grandparents in child-rearing can provide additional support and stability, which is beneficial for growth and development.
Determine if the child is ill or well, describe the lesions, assess the extent of distribution, check if the rash is itchy or non-itchy, identify if it has acute or chronic features, and note if it involves the scalp, mucocutaneous membranes, conjunctiva, palms, and soles. Also, look for systemic features such as fever, pallor, jaundice, and joint involvement.
Effective management involves treating existing health issues and implementing strategies to prevent future problems.
Unexplained bruises, burns, fractures, or injuries in various stages of healing.
Consistently dirty appearance, severe body odor, or untreated medical issues.
Common areas include motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional development.
Jaundice in newborns is often caused by the immaturity of the liver, which is not yet efficient at processing bilirubin.
Physical growth refers to the increase in size and mass of the body and its organs.
Potential causes include genetic factors, complications during pregnancy or birth, and environmental factors.
At 7 months, a baby will transfer a toy from hand to hand.
DPT and OPV 4th dose.
At 11 years.
GH deficiency can be caused by genetic mutations, damage to the pituitary gland, or unknown factors.
Psoriasis in children typically presents as red, scaly patches on the skin, often on the scalp, elbows, and knees.
Acquired diseases such as infections, autoimmune diseases, connective tissue diseases, and malignancies can affect a child's growth and development.
At birth, a baby demonstrates no deliberate fine motor skills; only reflex movements are seen.
Normal developmental milestones include specific physical, cognitive, and social skills that most children achieve by certain ages.
Pentavalent 1 (DPT, Hep B, Hib), OPV 1, and IPV (fractional) 1st dose.
At 12 months, a baby shows a mature pincer grasp.
Measles & Rubella (MR) or MMR 2nd dose.
At birth, with a second dose after 6 months up to 5 years if no scar is present.
At 12 months.
Storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the accumulation of specific substances in various tissues due to enzyme deficiencies.
Headache, neurological signs, developmental delay, syndromic features, macrocephaly or microcephaly, sensory and motor deficits, abnormal reflexes, and abnormalities in higher functions.
GH deficiency is a condition where the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone, leading to stunted growth and other health issues.
Common dermatological diseases in children include eczema, psoriasis, impetigo, and atopic dermatitis.
Neglect can lead to developmental delays, emotional issues, poor academic performance, and social difficulties.
Genetic factors include congenital anomalies of systems.
Report your concerns to local child protective services or law enforcement authorities immediately.
Environmental factors, including the child's living conditions and exposure to toxins, can significantly influence their growth and development.
Excessive fear of parents or caregivers, extreme behavior (such as overly compliant or demanding), or delayed physical or emotional development.
Development in children refers to the progression of physical, cognitive, and social skills over time.
At 10 months, a baby shows an immature pincer grasp.
A normal healthy child typically shows consistent growth, meets developmental milestones, and has no significant health issues.
At 9 months.
