p.1
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What is the focus of BEHL 2006?
Social and Community Psychology.
p.2
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
How does the organization of distribution and production affect social relationships?
It affects how people exchange and maintain relationships through their resources and cooperation or competition.
p.20
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What is the focus of BEHL 2006?
Social and Community Psychology.
p.3
Contextual Analysis of Economics
What is the main focus of contextual analysis in economics?
The patterns of behavior and systems used to obtain resources through social networks.
p.5
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
What effect does living in different economic systems have on individuals?
It shapes individuals to behave differently.
p.6
Different Economic Systems
What additional methods of exchange were found among the Eskimo hunter groups besides generosity?
'Buying and selling', 'stealing', 'borrowing', and 'inheriting'.
p.15
Anthropological Perspectives on Exchange
Who collected data on Trobriand Island exchanges?
The famous anthropologist Malinowski.
p.4
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
How do money and capitalism relate to economic systems?
They usually appear together or in reaction to changes in other economic systems.
What advantage does staying in one place provide in subsistence economies?
It allows for specialization and surplus for more complex exchanges.
What role does trade play in subsistence communities?
Trade can supplement resources that are scarce or unavailable locally.
What are the advantages of bartering over monetary transactions?
Bartering can reduce reliance on currency and foster community ties.
p.8
Different Economic Systems
How do subsistence economies differ from market economies?
Subsistence economies focus on meeting basic needs rather than profit maximization.
p.12
Anthropological Perspectives on Exchange
Who collected data that Hart (1986) references?
The famous anthropologist Malinowski.
p.4
Different Economic Systems
What are the different systems for exchange in economics?
Exchange, trading, or transacting.
p.3
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
What misconception does the text address regarding money and capitalism?
It suggests that resources can be obtained without needing social relationships, which is incorrect.
What is barter?
Negotiating goods for goods (haggling).
p.9
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What role does social structure play in subsistence economies?
It influences distribution and resource allocation.
p.10
Historical Context of Economic Systems
How has barter been historically perceived?
It has been written about as 'primitive' and said to have stopped with capitalism.
p.16
Anthropological Perspectives on Exchange
What role does culture play in the valuation of goods in bartering communities?
Cultural beliefs and values can significantly affect how goods are valued and exchanged.
p.8
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
How do social structures influence subsistence practices?
Social hierarchies and roles can dictate resource allocation and labor division.
p.8
Contextual Analysis of Economics
What challenges do subsistence communities face in modern times?
They may face pressures from globalization, climate change, and resource depletion.
What is a key characteristic of subsistence economies?
Getting enough to live by working with the community or groups.
What is barter?
A system of exchange where goods and services are traded directly without using money.
p.6
Different Economic Systems
What does Burch (1988) suggest about the social reality of exchange?
It is much more complex than the ideology would lead one to suspect.
p.11
Anthropological Perspectives on Exchange
What role does culture play in bartering communities?
Cultural norms dictate acceptable goods and methods of exchange.
p.9
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What are norms in the context of subsistence economies?
Rules and patterns that guide behavior and distribution.
p.11
Different Economic Systems
What challenges do bartering communities face?
Challenges include finding suitable trading partners and establishing fair value.
How do technological advancements impact bartering practices?
Technology can facilitate exchanges through online platforms and apps for bartering.
p.12
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What does Hart (1986) suggest about contact focus for people?
It provides a flexible contact focus.
p.2
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What role do social relationships play in economics?
They influence the production and distribution of resources.
What does subsistence provisioning refer to?
Simply provisioning for basic needs.
What are the primary goods exchanged in bartering communities?
Goods that are in demand and have mutual value to both parties.
p.11
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
How do social relationships influence bartering practices?
Social ties can enhance trust and facilitate exchanges.
p.9
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What is the significance of reputation and respect in subsistence economies?
They impact social interactions and resource sharing.
p.11
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
How does bartering affect social status within a community?
Successful barterers may gain higher social status due to their skills.
p.17
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
How did industrialization affect social interactions?
It increased the number of strangers in cities.
What is subsistence gathering or farming?
A system where communities gather or farm enough resources to meet their basic needs.
What does 'Wasi' signify in Trobriand Island economic practices?
Ritualized community exchange.
p.9
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What factors influence distribution beyond goods or commodities?
Social structure, gender socialization, reputation and respect, and rules and patterns (norms).
What is the relationship between static life and markets in barter systems?
Static life leads to static markets, although there are traveling barterers.
p.8
Anthropological Perspectives on Exchange
What are the cultural beliefs associated with subsistence practices?
Cultural beliefs often shape how communities interact with their environment and resources.
p.17
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
What significant demographic change is associated with capitalism?
Huge increases in population.
p.5
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
How does the economy influence social behaviors?
Different economies shape very different social behaviors.
p.2
Definition of Economics
What is economics primarily concerned with?
The description and analysis of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
p.6
Different Economic Systems
What is a key characteristic of the economic exchange among north-west Alaskan Eskimo hunter groups?
Generosity and sharing modes of exchange.
p.3
Definition of Economics
What do people do every day to meet their needs according to the text?
They engage in behaviors and systems to obtain resources.
What does husbandry involve in the context of subsistence economies?
Raising crops and animals – static and specialized.
p.15
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
What is the significance of flexible contact focus in economic exchanges?
It allows for varied interactions among people.
p.16
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
How do social relationships influence bartering practices?
Social relationships often dictate trust and the willingness to exchange goods.
When does barter still occur?
When capitalist money markets fail.
How do bartering communities maintain a balance of trade?
They rely on mutual needs and ongoing relationships to ensure fair exchanges.
p.2
Different Economic Systems
What types of resources are involved in economics?
All sorts of resources, including goods and services.
How do subsistence economies primarily obtain food?
Through hunting and gathering or husbandry.
What are informal economies?
Economic activities that occur outside of formal regulations and are often unrecorded.
p.9
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
How does gender socialization affect subsistence provisioning?
It shapes roles and responsibilities in resource management.
How do subsistence communities adapt to their environment?
They develop strategies based on available resources and climatic conditions.
How do subsistence communities maintain sustainability?
They often practice methods that ensure long-term resource availability.
p.3
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
According to Polanyi, how is man's economy related to social relationships?
Man's economy is usually submerged in his social relationships.
p.5
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
What is a significant factor that shapes individual behavior according to the text?
The economic system we currently live in, specifically capitalism.
How did barter contribute to specialization?
It allowed people to specialize and trade more formally with others.
p.6
Contextual Analysis of Economics
What factors influence the economic exchanges of the Eskimo hunter groups?
Ecological life and changes in physical and socio-cultural ecology.
What are the primary goods or services exchanged in bartering communities?
Goods and services that are directly needed by community members.
What are the primary sources of food for subsistence communities?
They rely on local resources such as hunting, gathering, and agriculture.
p.10
Anthropological Perspectives on Exchange
Is barter truly a primitive system?
No, it is very sophisticated with social properties and strategies.
How do bartering communities establish value for goods?
Value is often determined by negotiation and mutual agreement.
What are the advantages of bartering over monetary transactions?
Bartering can reduce reliance on cash and foster community ties.
p.16
Social Relationships and Economic Exchange
How do bartering communities resolve disputes over exchanges?
Disputes are often resolved through community norms and mediation by respected members.
p.11
Historical Context of Economic Systems
What historical examples illustrate the use of bartering?
Ancient civilizations often relied on bartering before the introduction of currency.
p.16
Different Economic Systems
What challenges do bartering communities face in modern economies?
Challenges include limited goods, lack of standardization, and competition with monetary systems.
p.17
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
How do we primarily conduct trade in modern capitalism?
By trading for money with strangers.
p.17
Impact of Capitalism on Social Behavior
What is a notable change in how tasks are accomplished in a capitalist society?
We rarely need family or strong relationships to get things done.
