Compulsory labor imposed on Filipino adult males for public works.
No Filipino would dare to dream big if their aspirations are crushed by society.
It suggests that they were ill-trained.
It should be composed of well-trained and educated men who understand the limitations of power and authority.
Racial discrimination and the privilege of white Spaniards in legal matters.
To maintain peace and order, serving as a symbol of Spanish tyranny.
A government by friars that controlled both religious and political aspects of Philippine life.
They became abusive, maltreated innocent people, looted belongings, and raped women.
France annexed Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, while the Netherlands annexed Indonesia (Netherlands East Indies).
Indios (Indians).
Originally 16-60 years old, later changed to 18-60 years old.
They supervised local elections, inspected schools and taxes, and acted as arbiters of morals.
It caused economic stagnation and resentment among Filipino tenants.
Rizal and his mother.
He said it was only good for disturbing peace and persecuting honest men.
Annexation of parts of Asia and Southeast Asia, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Malaysia, and Singapore.
It raised the rental amount for tenants, including his family, angering the friars.
To maintain peace and order by suppressing bandits.
1. Instability of Colonial Administration, 2. Corrupt Colonial Officials, 3. Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes, 4. Human Rights Denied to Filipinos, 5. No Equality Before the Law, 6. Maladministration of Justice.
The Spaniards enjoyed freedom of speech, association, and other freedoms, while the Filipinos were denied these rights.
Japan allowed the influences of Western imperialist design, grew strong, and defeated weak China through the Sino-Japanese war. Later, Japan annexed Korea.
The Leyes de Indias were promulgated to protect the rights of natives from overseas colonies, but they were not practiced in far-flung colonies like the Philippines, where the Filipinos were brutalized and abused.
