p.5
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is the third step in the Scientific Method?
Design and conduct experiments or make more observations.
p.3
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the role of organs in the human body?
Organs perform specific functions necessary for survival and maintaining homeostasis.
p.4
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What is the origin of the word 'Physiology'?
Derived from Ancient Greek φύσις (physis), meaning 'nature, origin', and -λογία (-logia), meaning 'study of'.
p.4
Definition and Importance of Physiology
How does Pathophysiology aid in understanding normal processes?
By examining the effects of disease or injury on physiological functions.
p.9
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What are the principles of homeostasis?
Mechanisms that maintain a stable internal environment in the body.
p.3
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What is physiology?
The study of body function.
p.3
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is the scientific method in physiology?
A systematic approach to understanding body functions through observation and experimentation.
p.7
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is required for the validation of physiological research findings?
Review and publication by a peer-reviewed journal.
p.9
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is the scientific method in physiology?
A systematic approach to understanding body functions through observation and experimentation.
p.6
Scientific Method in Physiology
What does Karl Popper's quote about swans illustrate?
It illustrates that no number of observations can confirm a universal statement, such as 'all swans are white.'
p.8
Definition and Importance of Physiology
How do quantitative measurements aid in medicine?
They help in diagnosing diseases and assessing the effects of drugs and treatments.
p.8
Definition and Importance of Physiology
Why are normal physiological ranges important?
They provide a baseline for diagnosing diseases.
p.51
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is the next lecture topic?
Lecture 2: The muscular system.
p.35
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What characterizes connective tissues?
A matrix made up of protein fibers, extracellular material, and specialized cells.
p.10
Historical Figures in Physiology
What does the term 'homeostasis' describe?
The internal consistency of the body.
p.28
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the four primary types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
p.28
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
To cover and protect surfaces, and to facilitate absorption and secretion.
p.28
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the primary role of connective tissue?
To support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.
p.13
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is an example of a negative feedback loop in the human body?
Regulation of body temperature.
p.31
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are junctional complexes?
Structures that hold cells of stratified epithelial tissues together.
p.31
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
How are epithelial cells nourished?
By connective tissues beneath, as they are too packed to house blood vessels.
p.6
Scientific Method in Physiology
What does it mean for a theory to be non-scientific?
A theory that cannot be refuted by any conceivable event is considered non-scientific.
p.6
Scientific Method in Physiology
Why is it easy to obtain confirmations for theories?
Because verifications can often be found to support nearly every theory.
p.9
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the role of organs in the human body?
Organs perform specific functions necessary for survival and homeostasis.
p.10
Historical Figures in Physiology
What significant discovery did William Harvey make?
He demonstrated that the heart pumps blood through a closed system of vessels.
p.3
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What are the principles of homeostasis?
Mechanisms that maintain a stable internal environment in the body.
p.13
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What happens when body temperature drops below normal?
Shivering occurs to generate heat.
p.12
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is the function of the effector in a negative feedback loop?
Makes appropriate adjustments to counter the change from the set point.
p.35
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the four major categories of connective tissues?
1) Connective tissue proper 2) Cartilage 3) Bone 4) Blood.
p.14
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What is the role of antagonistic effectors in homeostasis?
They move conditions in opposite directions to maintain a normal range.
p.48
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What role do macromolecules play in living systems?
They are responsible for most of the form and function.
p.40
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What do osteoblasts form around a canal filled with blood vessels and nerves?
Concentric layers of calcified material.
p.1
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What is the primary focus of the study in Human Physiology?
The study of body function.
p.5
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is done after analyzing the data in the Scientific Method?
Results must be replicated many times before a conclusion is accepted.
p.4
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What is the definition of Physiology?
The study of biological function; how the body works.
p.9
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What is physiology?
The study of body function.
p.8
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What are quantitative measurements used for in physiology?
To assess normal (physiological) ranges.
p.12
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is the role of sensors in a negative feedback loop?
To detect change and send information to the integrating center.
p.10
Historical Figures in Physiology
What concept did Claude Bernard introduce regarding the internal environment of the body?
He observed that the internal environment (milieu interieur) stays relatively constant despite changes.
p.15
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
How does positive feedback affect changes in a process?
It amplifies the changes that stimulated the effectors.
p.38
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What is Loose Connective Tissue?
A type of connective tissue that provides support and flexibility, containing a loose arrangement of fibers.
p.38
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What is Dense Regular Connective Tissue?
A type of connective tissue characterized by tightly packed collagen fibers, providing strength in one direction.
p.20
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the four primary types of tissues in the human body?
Muscle tissue, Nervous tissue, Epithelial tissue, and Connective tissue.
p.22
Types of Muscle Tissue
What type of muscle tissue is skeletal muscle?
Voluntary muscle that can be consciously controlled.
p.22
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is the primary function of skeletal muscle tissue?
To produce movements by pulling on bones.
p.50
Organs and Organ Systems
What does integrative physiology involve?
The working of different organs together and their interaction and control of each other.
p.42
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the main types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
p.24
Types of Muscle Tissue
How is smooth muscle tissue typically organized?
In layers that run in different directions.
p.24
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is peristalsis?
Coordinated, wave-like contraction of smooth muscle layers to move substances through the organs.
p.26
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the main function of nervous tissue?
To transmit electrical signals for communication within the body.
p.25
Types of Muscle Tissue
What type of muscle is smooth muscle classified as?
Non-striated and completely involuntary.
p.32
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What type of sweat do apocrine glands produce?
Protein-rich sweat that bacteria feed on, creating body odor.
p.27
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are neuroglia?
Supporting cells essential for neuron function that do not conduct nerve impulses.
p.44
Organs and Organ Systems
What structures are contained in the dermis?
Exocrine glands, hair follicles, sense receptors, and blood vessels.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.
p.6
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is a key characteristic of a 'good' scientific theory according to Popper?
It forbids certain things from happening, meaning it can be tested and potentially falsified.
p.7
Scientific Method in Physiology
What groups are essential in a physiological experiment?
An experimental group and a control group.
p.6
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is the relationship between testability and falsifiability?
Testability is synonymous with falsifiability; a theory must be able to be proven false to be scientific.
p.4
Scientific Method in Physiology
What approach does Physiology use to explain functions?
Using cause and effect sequences derived from scientific experiments.
p.9
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the main types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
p.11
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
How is homeostasis most often accomplished?
By negative feedback loops.
p.15
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is positive feedback?
The end product in a process stimulates the process.
p.18
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What is physiology?
The study of body function.
p.17
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is feedback control in hormone secretion?
A regulatory mechanism that maintains hormone levels within a specific range.
p.17
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is negative feedback in hormone secretion?
A process where an increase in hormone levels leads to a decrease in its further secretion.
p.17
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Can you give an example of negative feedback in hormone regulation?
The regulation of thyroid hormones, where high levels inhibit further secretion of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
p.30
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is a characteristic of keratinized epithelial tissue?
It has cells filled with keratin, a water-resistant protein, and layers of dead cells on the surface.
p.37
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is an example of Loose Connective Tissue?
The upper layer of the dermis of the skin.
p.41
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is blood classified as in the context of animal tissues?
A type of connective tissue.
p.45
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the three embryonic germ layers?
Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm.
p.34
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the main functions of muscle tissue?
To facilitate movement and maintain posture.
p.45
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are embryonic stem cells classified as?
Pluripotent, as they can form any type of unrelated cells.
p.33
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What is unique about cutaneous membranes?
Cutaneous membranes, or skin, cover the body's exterior and provide protection against environmental hazards.
p.23
Types of Muscle Tissue
How does cardiac muscle tissue differ from skeletal muscle?
Cardiac muscle is striated but very different in structure and action from skeletal muscle.
p.23
Types of Muscle Tissue
Can cardiac muscle tissue produce a graded contraction?
No, it cannot produce a graded contraction.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
The central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the role of the endocrine system?
To regulate bodily functions through hormones.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What does the immune system do?
Protects the body from infections and diseases.
p.7
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is a key requirement for good physiological research?
Quantifiable measurements.
p.4
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What does Pathophysiology study?
How disease or injury affects physiological processes.
p.11
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What is homeostasis?
Constancy of the internal environment.
p.13
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
How does the body respond when temperature rises above normal?
Sweating occurs to cool the body down.
p.12
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What does the integrating center do in a negative feedback loop?
Assesses change around a set point and sends instructions to the effector.
p.10
Historical Figures in Physiology
What did Claude Bernard suggest to reduce human error in experiments?
To perform blind experiments.
p.12
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is the nature of the adjustments made by the effector in a negative feedback loop?
They are continuous, always making fine adjustments to maintain homeostasis.
p.15
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What happens when a blood vessel is damaged?
A process begins to form a clot, which involves positive feedback.
p.18
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the main types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
p.19
Levels of Biological Organization
What is an organism?
Systems working together in coordination.
p.17
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is positive feedback in hormone secretion?
A process where an increase in hormone levels leads to an increase in its further secretion.
p.17
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Can you provide an example of positive feedback in hormone regulation?
The release of oxytocin during childbirth, which increases contractions and further oxytocin release.
p.29
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the primary functions of epithelial tissues?
They cover body surfaces, line hollow organs, and form glands.
p.37
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is Adipose Tissue?
A specialized type of loose connective tissue where adipocytes store fat.
p.26
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the four primary types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
p.39
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What role does cartilage serve during bone development?
It serves as a template skeleton.
p.39
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
Where is cartilage connective tissue found in the body?
In joints, to provide a gliding surface for bones.
p.41
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What role do white blood cells play in the body?
They are involved in the immune response.
p.37
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are examples of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?
The dermis of the skin and the walls of large tubular organs.
p.45
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are true stem cells?
Zygotes, as they are totipotent.
p.27
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the three parts of a neuron?
Dendrites, axon, and cell body.
p.23
Types of Muscle Tissue
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle fibers?
They are short, branched, and interconnected both physically and electrically.
p.47
Levels of Biological Organization
What are some key organelles found in eukaryotic animal cells?
Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
p.25
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is a characteristic of striated muscle cells?
They are multinucleated and have a high mitochondrial concentration.
p.3
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the main types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
p.4
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What does Physiology emphasize?
Mechanisms of how the body works.
p.36
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What is Connective Tissue Proper composed of?
Protein fibers and a gel-like ground substance.
p.21
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is the primary function of muscle tissue?
Specialized for contraction.
p.21
Types of Muscle Tissue
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle.
p.50
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions, often by opposing effectors that move conditions in opposite directions.
p.28
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the main functions of muscle tissue?
To facilitate movement and maintain posture.
p.46
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
Where are stem cells located in hair follicles?
In the bulge of the hair follicle.
p.29
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
How are epithelial membranes classified?
By the number of layers: simple epithelium and stratified epithelium.
p.29
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the three shapes of epithelial cells?
Squamous (flattened), cuboidal (as tall as they are long), and columnar (tall).
p.29
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is an example of simple squamous epithelium and its function?
Lungs; it facilitates rapid diffusion.
p.41
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the function of platelets in blood?
To aid in blood clotting.
p.27
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
Where is nervous tissue found?
In the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What are organ systems in humans?
Groups of organs that perform related functions.
p.23
Types of Muscle Tissue
Is cardiac muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary (you cannot consciously control it).
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What does the renal system regulate?
Fluid balance and waste removal from the body.
p.13
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What is the role of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation?
It acts as the body's thermostat, detecting changes in temperature.
p.12
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
How does the effector respond to changes in a negative feedback loop?
Moves in the opposite direction from the change and makes the change smaller.
p.15
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Can positive feedback work alone?
No, it cannot work alone but contributes to many negative feedback loops.
p.18
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What are the principles of homeostasis?
Mechanisms that maintain a stable internal environment in the body.
p.15
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms
What regulates the strength of uterine contractions during childbirth?
A positive feedback loop.
p.18
Organs and Organ Systems
What are organs in the human body?
Structures composed of different tissues that perform specific functions.
p.16
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What is extrinsic regulation?
The brain (or other organs) regulates an organ using the endocrine or nervous system.
p.50
Scientific Method in Physiology
What are the steps involved in the scientific method?
Making hypotheses, making observations, measurements, data analysis, and accepting or refuting the hypotheses in an iterative manner.
p.42
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What are the principles of homeostasis?
Mechanisms that maintain a stable internal environment in the body.
p.14
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
Can you give examples of antagonistic reactions in the body?
Blood glucose levels and blood pH.
p.49
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What are biologically important macromolecules primarily made of?
Polymers formed from monomers.
p.45
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What does totipotent mean in the context of zygotes?
Zygotes are totipotent, meaning their cells can become any type of cell.
p.33
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What are the main types of epithelial membranes?
The main types are mucous membranes, serous membranes, and cutaneous membranes.
p.33
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What do serous membranes do?
Serous membranes line closed body cavities and secrete serous fluid to reduce friction between organs.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the focus of the muscular system?
Movement and support of the body.
p.44
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the function of the epidermis?
To protect against water loss and abrasion.
p.47
Levels of Biological Organization
What is the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic animal cells?
They contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
p.18
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is the scientific method in physiology?
A systematic approach to understanding body functions through observation and experimentation.
p.14
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What is dynamic constancy in the context of homeostasis?
It refers to maintaining conditions within a certain normal range.
p.16
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
How do intrinsic and extrinsic regulation differ?
Intrinsic regulation occurs within the organ, while extrinsic regulation involves the brain or other organs.
p.30
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is a key feature of non-keratinized epithelial tissue?
It contains living cells in all layers.
p.24
Types of Muscle Tissue
Where is smooth muscle tissue primarily found?
In the walls of digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs, blood vessels, and bronchioles.
p.40
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the similarity between dentin and bone?
Both are made by cells and have a similar structure.
p.24
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is a key characteristic of smooth muscle tissue?
It is not striated and is involuntary.
p.26
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
To cover body surfaces, line cavities, and form glands.
p.26
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the role of connective tissue?
To support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.
p.26
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the primary function of muscle tissue?
To facilitate movement through contraction.
p.29
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is an example of simple columnar epithelium and its function?
Wall of the small intestine; it is involved in absorption.
p.32
Organs and Organ Systems
Can you name some examples of exocrine glands?
Lacrimal, sweat, sebaceous glands, digestive enzyme glands, and the prostate.
p.45
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What happens to adult stem cells as cells begin to differentiate?
A few adult stem cells are retained to allow for cell replacement.
p.47
Levels of Biological Organization
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the main function of the nervous system?
To transmit signals between different parts of the body.
p.16
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What is intrinsic regulation?
Cells within the organ sense a change and signal to neighboring cells to respond appropriately.
p.42
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What is physiology?
The study of body function.
p.30
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
How do epithelial membranes maintain themselves?
By continually losing surface cells and replacing them with new cells.
p.14
Homeostasis and Its Mechanisms
What happens when you are cold in terms of homeostasis?
You shiver to generate heat.
p.42
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the role of organs in the human body?
Organs perform specific functions necessary for survival and homeostasis.
p.41
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the main components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
p.41
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen throughout the body.
p.49
Definition and Importance of Physiology
What role do macromolecules play in biological systems?
They are essential for structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
p.45
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are adult stem cells classified as?
Multipotent, as they can become several related cells.
p.32
Organs and Organ Systems
What is the function of eccrine sweat glands?
They secrete a salty sweat and are involved in thermoregulation.
p.47
Levels of Biological Organization
What role do mitochondria play in eukaryotic animal cells?
They are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.
p.38
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What is Adipose Tissue?
A type of loose connective tissue that stores fat and provides insulation and cushioning.
p.42
Scientific Method in Physiology
What is the scientific method in physiology?
A systematic approach to understanding body functions through observation and experimentation.
p.22
Types of Muscle Tissue
Which muscles are under conscious control but do not cause skeletal movement?
Tongue, esophagus, sphincters, and diaphragm.
p.22
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is the union of separate cells called myoblasts in skeletal muscle tissue?
Myofibers, forming a syncytium.
p.49
Definition and Importance of Physiology
Name a type of biologically important macromolecule.
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, or lipids.
p.41
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is plasma?
The liquid component of blood that carries cells and nutrients.
p.25
Types of Muscle Tissue
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle classified as?
Striated and involuntary.
p.25
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is a key structural feature of striated muscles?
They contain proper sarcomeres.
p.44
Organs and Organ Systems
What is an organ composed of?
Two or more tissues that serve different functions.
p.27
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What does the cell body of a neuron contain?
The nucleus and is the metabolic center.
p.23
Types of Muscle Tissue
What specialized cell connections are found in cardiac muscle tissue?
Intercalated discs allow passage of sodium ions between cells.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What does sensory physiology study?
How the body perceives and processes sensory information.
p.47
Levels of Biological Organization
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic animal cells?
It synthesizes proteins and lipids; rough ER has ribosomes for protein synthesis, while smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.
p.20
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
How do the structures and functions of tissues relate to organs?
Each tissue has particular structures and functions that dictate the physiology of the organ.
p.40
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
Where do osteocytes live?
In spaces called lacunae.
p.34
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the four primary types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
p.34
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
To cover body surfaces, line cavities, and form glands.
p.37
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What characterizes Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?
Densely packed collagen fibers arranged in various ways to resist forces.
p.34
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
To transmit impulses and process information.
p.32
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Eccrine and apocrine glands.
p.32
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
Where are apocrine sweat glands located?
In the axilla and pubic region.
p.43
Organs and Organ Systems
What does the cardiac system primarily involve?
The heart and blood vessels.
p.44
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What type of tissue is the dermis composed of?
Dense irregular connective tissue.
p.37
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What are the characteristics of Loose Connective Tissue?
Collagen fibers are scattered loosely with room for blood vessels and nerves.
p.28
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
To transmit impulses and process information.
p.46
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the role of stem cells in the bulge of hair follicles?
They contribute to hair growth and regeneration.
p.39
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What surrounds the chondrocytes in cartilage connective tissue?
A semi-solid ground substance.
p.37
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What defines Dense Regular Connective Tissue?
Densely packed collagen fibers with little room for ground substance.
p.46
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
Why are stem cells in hair follicles important?
They play a crucial role in the cycling and repair of hair.
p.34
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is the primary role of connective tissue?
To support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.
p.29
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What is an example of simple cuboidal epithelium and its function?
Various glands; it is involved in secretion.
p.33
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What are epithelial membranes?
Epithelial membranes are thin layers of tissue that cover surfaces, line cavities, and form protective barriers.
p.33
Connective and Epithelial Tissues
What is the function of mucous membranes?
Mucous membranes line body cavities that open to the exterior and secrete mucus for lubrication and protection.
p.25
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is a key structural feature of non-striated muscles?
They do not have proper sarcomeres.
p.47
Levels of Biological Organization
What is a eukaryotic animal cell?
A type of cell that has a nucleus and organelles, enclosed within membranes.
p.44
Types of Tissues in the Human Body
What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
p.47
Levels of Biological Organization
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic animal cell?
It houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
p.25
Types of Muscle Tissue
What is a characteristic of non-striated muscle cells?
They are uninucleated and have fewer mitochondria.
