p.1
Regions of the Small Intestine
What is the primary role of the ileum?
Absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts.
p.9
Pancreatic Enzymes and Digestion
What role does trypsin play in digestion?
It helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides.
p.8
Dietary Fiber and Its Types
What is a benefit of soluble dietary fiber in terms of satiety?
It helps you feel fuller for longer.
p.5
Secretory Diarrhea and Bacterial Toxins
How does increased chloride secretion affect fluid levels in the body?
It increases the overall secretion of fluid.
p.9
Pancreatic Enzymes and Digestion
What is trypsinogen?
An inactive precursor of the enzyme trypsin.
p.6
Pancreatic Enzymes and Digestion
What is the source of all enzymes in pancreatic juices?
Acinar cells of the pancreas.
p.2
Microvilli and Surface Area Enhancement
What structure on enterocytes increases surface area?
Microvilli (Brush border).
p.8
Dietary Fiber and Its Types
What is a characteristic of dietary fiber regarding luminal hydrolases?
Dietary fiber can't be broken down by luminal hydrolases.
p.7
Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine
What is the function of hydrolases in the brush border?
To further digest carbohydrates into absorbable units.
p.3
Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine
What role does the small intestine play in drug absorption?
It absorbs drugs along with other nutrients.
p.5
Secretory Diarrhea and Bacterial Toxins
What is a primary cause of secretory diarrhea?
Bacterial toxins leading to increased chloride secretion.
p.7
Pancreatic Enzymes and Digestion
What types of enzymes are involved in carbohydrate digestion?
Salivary amylase, pancreatic juice amylase, dextrinase, and disaccharidases.
p.3
Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine
What are the main products absorbed by the small intestine?
Digestive products, minerals, water, drugs, and electrolytes.
p.4
Electrolyte Transport Mechanisms
What role does the Na+/K+ antiporter play in electrolyte transport?
Moves Na+ from the cell into blood and K+ from blood into the cell.
p.4
Electrolyte Transport Mechanisms
What is the transport mechanism for glucose from the lumen into enterocytes?
Driven by sodium gradient and facilitated by specific transporters.
p.8
Dietary Fiber and Its Types
What role does resistant starch play in the colon?
It feeds bacteria in the colon.
p.7
Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine
What are the two main sites of digestion?
1. Enzymes in lumen 2. Hydrolases in brush border.
p.9
Glycocalyx and Enzyme Secretion
Where is enterokinase found?
In the glycoprotein layer of the brush border.
p.4
Electrolyte Transport Mechanisms
How does sodium (Na+) contribute to glucose transport?
It provides a gradient that drives glucose into the cell.
p.5
Secretory Diarrhea and Bacterial Toxins
What receptor is associated with cystic fibrosis?
Cystic fibrosis receptor.
p.2
Glycocalyx and Enzyme Secretion
What do enterocytes secrete onto the outer microvillus membrane?
Carbohydrate-containing enzymes called Glycocalyx.
p.8
Dietary Fiber and Its Types
What is one effect of soluble dietary fiber on stomach emptying?
It slows down the emptying of the stomach.
p.3
Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine
What electrolytes are absorbed in the colon?
Potassium, B vitamins, C, and folate.
p.1
Regions of the Small Intestine
What are the three main regions of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
p.4
Electrolyte Transport Mechanisms
What is the primary function of GLUT 5?
Transports Fructose from the lumen into enterocytes.
p.7
Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine
What are the end products of carbohydrate digestion?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
p.8
Dietary Fiber and Its Types
How does insoluble dietary fiber contribute to bowel health?
It promotes healthy bowels.
p.2
Enterocytes and Their Functions
What are enterocytes?
Intestinal absorptive cells found in the small intestines.
p.7
Pancreatic Enzymes and Digestion
What is the role of salivary amylase?
To begin the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.
p.3
Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine
Which nutrients are absorbed in the jejunum and ileum?
Fat, protein, bile acids, carbohydrates, vitamin B12, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper.
p.4
Electrolyte Transport Mechanisms
What is the function of GLUT 2?
Transports glucose and fructose from the cell into the blood.
