p.10
Pharmacological Management of Bronchitis
What is the purpose of antitussive medications in bronchitis management?
To reduce the cough reflex.
p.32
Asthma Overview and Triggers
Are people with asthma at increased risk of COVID-19?
Yes, people with asthma may be at increased risk.
p.22
Asthma Overview and Triggers
What characterizes asthma in individuals with airway hyper-responsiveness?
Variable airflow limitation in response to allergenic triggers.
p.3
Bronchitis Overview and Types
What is acute bronchitis commonly associated with?
It commonly follows a cold or viral infection.
p.17
Diagnosis and Severity Scoring of Pneumonia
What does CRB-65 stand for in the context of pneumonia assessment?
It is a scoring system used to assess the severity of pneumonia in patients.
p.15
Diagnosis of Pneumonia
What imaging technique is indicated for pneumonia diagnosis?
Chest radiography with lung infiltration.
p.13
Health Education for Bronchitis Prevention
What vaccination is recommended yearly to help prevent bronchitis?
Getting a yearly flu vaccine.
p.26
Asthma Management and Medications
What is the role of Anti-IgE therapy in asthma management?
It is used for patients on high-dose ICS + LABA who are symptomatic with frequent exacerbations and have allergies as an important cause of asthma.
p.3
Bronchitis Overview and Types
What defines chronic bronchitis?
A persistent, mucus-producing cough on most days of the month for 3 months of a year for 2 successive years, in absence of a secondary cause.
p.17
Diagnosis and Severity Scoring of Pneumonia
What are the components of the CRB-65 score?
Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 or older.
p.30
Asthma Management and Medications
What is the primary purpose of using an inhaler for asthma?
To deliver medication directly to the lungs to relieve asthma symptoms.
p.12
Bronchitis Overview and Types
What does ABECB stand for?
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
p.29
Asthma Management and Medications
What are some types of inhalers mentioned?
MDI, Turbohaler®, Accuhaler®, Easyhaler®.
p.20
Diagnosis of Bronchitis
What can a Chest X-ray reveal in a COVID-19 patient?
Lung abnormalities such as pneumonia or other complications.
p.13
Health Education for Bronchitis Prevention
What is one key method to prevent bronchitis related to smoking?
Avoiding tobacco smoke and exposure to secondhand smoke.
p.8
Diagnosis of Bronchitis
What are the key methods for diagnosing bronchitis?
History taking, physical examination, chest x-rays, sputum cultures, pulmonary function tests, spirometer exercises, and bronchoscopy.
p.2
Bronchitis Overview and Types
What is bronchitis?
Inflammation or swelling of the bronchial tubes (bronchi), the air passages between the nose and the lungs.
p.11
Pharmacological Management of Bronchitis
What is the function of an expectorant in bronchitis management?
It reduces the thickness or viscosity of bronchial secretions, making mucus flow easier and facilitating its removal.
p.25
Asthma Management and Medications
How do inhaled corticosteroids work?
Suppress inflammatory cell activity to prevent/control inflammation.
p.21
Asthma Overview and Triggers
What is asthma?
A chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction.
p.7
Signs and Symptoms of Bronchitis
What are two respiratory symptoms associated with bronchitis?
Shortness of breath and wheezing.
p.14
Pneumonia Overview and Causes
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by microorganisms.
p.29
Asthma Management and Medications
Who should use a spacer?
Patients who have difficulty coordinating inhalation with MDI use, such as children or those with severe asthma.
p.28
Health Education for Bronchitis Prevention
What type of medications should be avoided as they may worsen asthma?
NSAIDs and Beta-blockers.
p.21
Asthma Overview and Triggers
What are common triggers for asthma?
Allergens, smoke, pollution, exercise, and respiratory infections.
p.22
Asthma Overview and Triggers
What type of disorder is asthma?
A chronic airway inflammatory disorder.
p.12
Bronchitis Overview and Types
What is the primary cause of ABECB?
Bacterial infection leading to an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
p.16
Diagnosis and Severity Scoring of Pneumonia
What does the CURB-65 score include?
5 variables used to assess the severity of pneumonia.
p.9
Pharmacological Management of Bronchitis
What is the role of bronchodilators in bronchitis management?
Bronchodilators dilate the bronchial tubes and help clear out mucus, reducing wheezing.
p.23
Asthma Overview and Triggers
What are common environmental factors that can trigger asthma?
Allergens (like house dust mites and pollen), environmental exposure (like cigarette smoke), medications (like beta-blockers), and certain foods (like nuts and dairy).
p.31
Asthma Management and Medications
What is the primary aim of the Respiratory Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (RMTAC)?
To help patients manage their Asthma and COPD.
p.9
Pharmacological Management of Bronchitis
When are antibiotics effective in bronchitis treatment?
Antibiotics are effective for bacterial infections, but not for viral infections.
p.27
Asthma Management and Medications
What is the primary goal of the GINA strategy 2021?
To improve asthma care and reduce the burden of asthma globally.
p.15
Diagnosis of Pneumonia
How can pulse oximetry assist in pneumonia diagnosis?
It may detect pneumonia in patients without obvious signs or identify hypoxemia in diagnosed pneumonia patients.
p.30
Asthma Management and Medications
What is a key step in proper inhaler technique?
Shake the inhaler well before use to ensure the medication is mixed properly.
p.10
Pharmacological Management of Bronchitis
What types of medications are used for more persistent symptoms of bronchitis?
Anti-inflammatory medicines and glucocorticoid steroids.
p.27
Asthma Management and Medications
What does GINA stand for in the context of asthma management?
Global Initiative for Asthma.
p.26
Pharmacological Management of Bronchitis
How does Anti-IgE therapy work?
It inhibits IgE binding to IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils, reducing mediator release in allergic responses.
p.11
Pharmacological Management of Bronchitis
How does a mucolytic aid in the treatment of bronchitis?
It breaks down the chemical structure of mucus molecules, thinning the mucus for easier removal through coughing.
p.23
Asthma Overview and Triggers
What are some host factors that can contribute to asthma?
Family history of asthma, family history of atopic diseases, obesity, and gender.
p.2
Bronchitis Overview and Types
What are the common causes of bronchitis?
Viruses, bacteria, and other particles that irritate the bronchial tubes.
p.31
Asthma Management and Medications
What aspects do pharmacists review in the RMTAC?
Medication history, understanding of the disease and medications, compliance, inhaler technique, and relevant findings.
p.1
Common Reasons for GP and Pharmacy Visits
What are the common reasons patients visit a GP and pharmacy?
Majority of the conditions are self-limiting or minor.
p.24
Asthma Management and Medications
What skills are important for self-management of asthma?
Inhaler skills, self-monitoring, and adherence to treatment.
p.16
Diagnosis and Severity Scoring of Pneumonia
What is the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI)?
A scoring system that uses 20 variables to assess pneumonia severity.
p.25
Asthma Management and Medications
What is the mechanism of action of short-acting β2-agonists?
Acts on β2 receptors to produce relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation).
p.14
Pneumonia Overview and Causes
What are the common bacterial causes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)?
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. pneumoniae.
p.24
Asthma Management and Medications
What are key components of asthma management?
Treating modifiable risk factors, managing comorbidities, and using non-pharmacological therapies.
p.8
Diagnosis of Bronchitis
What is the purpose of using an incentive spirometer?
To encourage deep breathing and improve lung function.
p.32
Asthma Management and Medications
Is it safe to receive COVID-19 vaccination and biologic therapy for asthma?
Yes, it is considered safe.
p.19
Health Education for Bronchitis Prevention
Who is recommended to receive the influenza vaccine for pneumonia prevention?
Individuals over 50 years old, household contacts of high-risk persons, and healthcare workers.
p.1
Common Reasons for GP and Pharmacy Visits
What functions do the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx serve?
They act as pathways for air and food.
