p.151
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are the two portions of the pancreas?
Exocrine and Endocrine portions.
p.87
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What types of cells are seated on the basement membrane?
Endothelial and mesothelial cells.
p.48
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of cilia in the fallopian tubes?
To move the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.
p.87
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of the basement membrane in relation to epithelial cells?
It connects epithelial cells to connective tissue.
p.46
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What type of epithelium covers the inner face of the intestines?
Simple columnar striped border epithelium.
p.26
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of covering or lining epithelium?
To cover and protect surfaces and cavities.
p.56
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Where is multi-layer cubic epithelium found?
In the excretory ducts of some sweat and salivary glands.
p.4
Definition and Importance of Histology
What does the term 'tissue' derive from?
The French word 'tissu' meaning weaving.
p.4
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the definition of tissue?
Groups of cells that have come together to perform one or more unique functions.
p.41
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found in the body?
In kidney tubules, thyroid follicles, pancreas, salivary glands secretion channels, the front face of the lens, and the ovary.
p.27
Location of Covering Epithelium
Where else can covering epithelium be found besides the skin?
In the duct and secretory portions of glands.
p.61
Embryological Origin of Epithelial Tissue
Where is transitional epithelium found in the body?
At the beginning of the ureter, bladder, and urethra.
p.37
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is the first type of single layer epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelium.
p.27
Location of Covering Epithelium
What is one function of covering epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract?
It lines the inner surface of the hollow tube.
p.97
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are the two main types of junctions in tissues?
Cell-Cell junctions and Cell-Extracellular Matrix (ECM) junctions.
p.87
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What role does the basement membrane play in regeneration?
It acts as a guide in regeneration.
p.27
Location of Covering Epithelium
Where is covering epithelium located on the body?
On the outer surfaces of the body, such as the skin.
p.59
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What characterizes the cells in pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Some cells sit on the basement membrane with large bases but do not reach the surface.
p.120
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that maintain their connection with epithelial surfaces and secrete products through channels.
p.118
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
How are glands classified?
Into endocrine and exocrine based on their route of secretion.
p.74
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
How many microvillus cells can be found in an average cell?
100 - 3000 microvillus cells.
p.153
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
Where are myoepithelial cells commonly found?
In exocrine glands such as sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.
p.45
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What type of epithelium is characterized by no cell surface specialization?
Simple columnar epithelium (found in the stomach).
p.27
Location of Covering Epithelium
In which systems can covering epithelium be found?
In the respiratory system and blood vessels.
p.157
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the purpose of a histology atlas?
To provide visual references for the microscopic structure of tissues.
p.46
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are microvilli in the context of simple columnar striped border epithelium?
Surface modifications observed at the electron microscopic level.
p.40
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the primary function of mesothelium?
To provide a protective lining for body cavities.
p.138
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the nature of the secretion produced by serous glands?
Clear, watery, and proteinaceous.
p.22
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is a key characteristic of epithelial tissue regarding blood supply?
It is avascular, meaning it has no blood supply of its own.
p.47
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
Where is simple columnar epithelium commonly found?
In the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach and intestines.
p.30
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What does the single-layered columnar cervical canal epithelium transform into?
Stratified squamous epithelium.
p.102
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What role do integrins play in relation to the extracellular matrix?
They bind to the extracellular matrix and the basement membrane.
p.60
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Where is the type of pseudostratified columnar epithelium without cell surface modification found?
In the large channel of many glands.
p.80
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are stereocilia?
Long microvilli that do not carry microtubules.
p.94
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is one function of the basal lamina?
Attachment of epithelial cells to connective tissue.
p.149
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What surrounds the glands in the body?
A connective tissue capsule.
p.106
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of klaudin and occludin proteins?
They are membrane linking proteins that bind the two membranes together.
p.41
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is the shape of simple cuboidal epithelium?
Cubic shape with rounded and centered nuclei.
p.41
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What are the primary functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?
Secretory and absorbing regions.
p.30
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What type of epithelium does pseudo-stratified epithelium transform into in the trachea and bronchi due to smoking?
Stratified squamous epithelium.
p.38
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?
Diffusion and filtration surfaces.
p.106
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is Zonula Ocludens?
A type of tight junction where the outer faces of cell membranes are firmly stuck together.
p.141
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What do musinogens turn into when they interact with water?
A slippery structure known as mucin.
p.111
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Where is the Zonula Adherens found?
In the layer surrounding the heart muscle, organs, and in the digestive system.
p.156
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What is the turnover rate of epithelial cells?
Epithelial cells exhibit a high turnover rate.
p.45
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where are kinocilia found?
In the uterus and tuba uterine.
p.89
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Which proteoglycans are found in the basal lamina?
Heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate.
p.95
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What do junctional complexes in epithelial tissue contain?
Adhesive material in the intercellular area.
p.142
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What type of glands are most prominent in the large salivary glands of the oral cavity?
Pure mucous or seromucous glands.
p.113
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Where are desmosomes located in the epidermis?
Between the cells surrounding body cavities.
p.89
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the relationship between fibronectin and the reticular lamina?
Fibronectin is part of the reticular lamina, which includes lamina densa and lamina lucida.
p.57
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Where can multi-layer columnar epithelium be found?
In the female and male urethra and the large drainage channels of some glands.
p.97
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What do Cell-Cell junctions connect?
They connect adjacent cells.
p.53
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the shape of the deep basal face of multilayer squamous epithelium?
It is not flat; it makes hollow with connective tissue at the bottom.
p.131
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the structure of a simple alveolar gland?
It has a single, sac-like structure.
p.46
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
How does the striped border epithelium enhance absorption?
By increasing the surface area of the free cell surface.
p.157
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the significance of histology in medicine?
It helps in diagnosing diseases by examining tissue samples.
p.111
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is located under the membrane of each cell in a Zonula Adherens?
A plaque to which microfilaments are attached.
p.84
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of hemidesmosomes in epithelial tissue?
They provide adhesion of epithelial cells to the basal membrane.
p.110
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Where are Zonula Adherens located?
At the basal part of tight junctions.
p.18
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
To remove waste products and excess substances from the blood.
p.89
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are the main components of the basal lamina?
Laminin, entactin, fibronectin, and proteoglycans.
p.43
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where are the intracellular organelles located in simple columnar epithelium?
Closer to the top of the cell.
p.60
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Which type of pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found in the respiratory tract?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
p.81
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the function of stereocilia in the epididymis?
They increase the surface area and allow absorption of testicular fluid and phagocytosis of pathological sperm.
p.132
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What structural characteristic defines a compound alveolar gland?
It has multiple secretory units that are shaped like alveoli.
p.21
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?
It regulates various hormonal functions in the body.
p.48
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What type of epithelium is found in the fallopian tubes of female mammals?
Single-layer columnar kinocilia epithelium.
p.157
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is histology?
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
p.87
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How does the basement membrane regulate substance transitions?
It allows cell migration but inhibits the migration of tumor cells.
p.44
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are the three modifications in the free surfaces of cells?
Cilia, Microvilli, and Stereocilia.
p.84
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the function of the basal membrane in epithelium?
It facilitates the exchange of substances.
p.143
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the primary function of mucous glands?
To produce mucus for lubrication and protection.
p.17
Definition and Importance of Histology
What are the primary components of the female genital system?
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia.
p.141
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of mucus?
It protects the surfaces of cells.
p.17
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the purpose of the uterus?
To house and nourish a developing fetus during pregnancy.
p.32
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is metaplasia?
Metaplasia is the reversible transformation of one differentiated cell type to another differentiated cell type.
p.5
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What are the four primary types of tissues?
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscular.
p.32
Definition and Importance of Histology
Is metaplasia a reversible process?
Yes, metaplasia is a reversible process.
p.145
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of submandibular glands?
To produce saliva for digestion and oral health.
p.142
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What do the apical poles of mucous cells contain?
Mucin granules that are large and light in color.
p.39
Definition and Importance of Histology
What structures does the endothelium cover?
The inner face of the heart and lymph vessels.
p.24
Definition and Importance of Histology
What does the connective tissue do in relation to the epithelium?
Makes projections towards the epithelium.
p.59
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
A type of epithelium where the height and order of the cells differ.
p.120
Embryological Origin of Epithelial Tissue
How are glands formed during embryological development?
They progress to the connective tissue under the epithelium.
p.87
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What role does the basement membrane play in tissue separation?
It separates connective tissue and epithelium.
p.97
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What do Cell-Extracellular Matrix (ECM) junctions connect?
They connect cells to the extracellular matrix.
p.107
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Where is Zonula Ocludens located?
Between the digestive tract, liver, pancreas, ducts and acini of the glands, epithelial cells lining the bladder, and vascular endothelial cells.
p.136
Modes of Secretion in Glands
What is a characteristic feature of apocrine secretion?
It involves the release of a portion of the cell's cytoplasm along with the secretion.
p.3
Definition and Importance of Histology
What does the term 'histology' derive from?
From Greek 'histo' meaning web or tissue, and 'logos' meaning study.
p.118
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is an endocrine gland?
A gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
p.22
Definition and Importance of Histology
What type of tissue covers all surfaces of the body and forms the majority of glands?
Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium).
p.47
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is simple columnar epithelium?
A type of epithelial tissue characterized by a single layer of tall, column-like cells.
p.118
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is an exocrine gland?
A gland that secretes substances through ducts to an epithelial surface.
p.103
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are focal adhesions?
Integrin-containing, multi-protein structures that form mechanical links between intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular substrate.
p.61
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
How does transitional epithelium differ from typical multilayered epithelium?
It has unique characteristics that allow it to stretch and accommodate fluctuations in volume.
p.53
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What do the papillae carry within the connective tissue?
A very frequent capillary network.
p.153
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells?
To contract and help in the expulsion of glandular secretions.
p.30
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What type of epithelium is found in the cervical canal of women?
Single-layered columnar epithelium.
p.103
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What do focal adhesions connect?
Intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular substrate.
p.101
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are cadherins?
The most basic adhesion proteins that hold epithelial cells as a layer.
p.123
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are unicellular glands?
Glands that consist of isolated secretory cells within the epithelium.
p.44
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are Microvilli?
Short extensions of the plasma membrane.
p.52
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What happens to the cells in the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium as they approach the surface?
They lose their vitality, nuclei disappear, and the cell body hardens.
p.123
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are multicellular glands?
Glands where secretory cells are grouped together and do not act independently.
p.141
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
Where are mucus-producing cells found?
In groups or singly, such as goblet cells in the epithelium of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts.
p.85
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the composition of the basal lamina?
Filaments of collagen and a dense layer called lamina densa.
p.18
Definition and Importance of Histology
How do ureters function in the urinary system?
They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
p.12
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
To digest food and absorb nutrients.
p.99
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How do cells select their connections?
Cells connect with other cells that have the same characteristics.
p.130
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are simple alveolar glands?
Glands that consist of several alveoli opened to an excretory duct.
p.89
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
How does entactin interact with type IV collagen?
Entactin forms bonds with laminin and type IV collagen.
p.73
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
Where are microvilli commonly found?
In the small intestine and kidney tubules.
p.62
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What significant changes do these organs undergo?
Significant pressure and volume changes in a short time.
p.92
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the basement membrane?
A thin layer that supports epithelial cells and is also found around muscle, fat cells, and peripheral nerves.
p.46
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the surface modification found on the free surface of simple columnar striped border epithelium?
Striped border or brush border.
p.153
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are myoepithelial cells?
Specialized cells located between the basal lamina and the epithelial cells in glandular tissues.
p.47
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is a distinctive feature of simple columnar epithelium?
It often has a striped or brush border due to microvilli.
p.138
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What do most serous glands contain?
One or more digestive enzymes.
p.52
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis layer of the skin?
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
p.106
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
In which tissues can Zonula Ocludens be found?
Heart muscle and brain tissue.
p.116
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What type of communication do gap junctions provide in cardiac and smooth muscle?
Electrical and chemical communication.
p.113
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is a desmosome?
A button-like structure that connects adjacent cells.
p.111
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What proteins provide the connection in the Zonula Adherens?
Cadherins from transmembrane proteins.
p.108
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What proteins are primarily involved in Zonula Occludens?
Occludin and claudin proteins.
p.45
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What functions do cilia perform in epithelial tissue?
They perform a cleaning function and allow the movement of structures in hollow organs.
p.13
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.
p.119
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
p.16
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of the trachea?
To provide a passage for air to enter and exit the lungs.
p.152
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What surrounds all glands?
A thin basal lamina located outside the epithelium lining the lumen.
p.13
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What are the main sections of the large intestine?
Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
p.156
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What happens following an injury to epithelial tissue?
The defect is first covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, then reconstituted.
p.145
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of saliva produced by submandibular glands?
To lubricate food, initiate digestion, and maintain oral hygiene.
p.13
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What type of epithelium lines the large intestine?
Simple columnar epithelium.
p.16
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the structure of the trachea?
It is a tube supported by C-shaped cartilage rings.
p.12
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What type of epithelial tissue lines the small intestine?
Simple columnar epithelium.
p.88
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is found in the lamina lucida?
Laminin and integrin, which are extracellular glycoproteins.
p.51
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
It consists of approximately 10-40 cell layers, with flat cells facing the lumen and cubic or polygonal cells on the basement membrane.
p.12
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of the villi in the small intestine?
To enhance nutrient absorption.
p.126
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What defines a compound gland?
Branches in the channels.
p.51
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
How many cell layers does stratified squamous epithelium typically have?
Approximately 10-40 cell layers (5-7 times in the cornea).
p.120
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands do not have a duct system and secrete hormones directly into the capillary.
p.40
Definition and Importance of Histology
What are the three main cavities lined by mesothelium?
Pleura, peritoneum, and pericardial cavities.
p.53
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the purpose of the capillary network in the papillae?
To facilitate the feeding of the epithelium with a high number of cell layers.
p.154
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What do the channels in serous and mucous-secreting portions form?
A striped intralobular channel.
p.102
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are integrins?
Proteins synthesized by almost every cell that bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM).
p.154
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What happens to the striped channels in the glandular structure?
They merge into another channel and open into the interlobular channels.
p.22
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How do cells in epithelial tissue connect to each other?
Through junctional complexes.
p.138
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What characteristic feature do the basal regions of serous gland cells show?
Dense basophilia due to the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum (GER).
p.22
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are the three faces of epithelial tissue?
Apical, basal, and lateral faces.
p.1
Definition and Importance of Histology
What department is Gözde Öğütcü part of?
Department of Histology and Embryology.
p.144
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
Can you name examples of seromucous glands?
Submandibular gland and sublingual gland.
p.123
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
How are glands classified according to the number of cells forming them?
They are classified as unicellular or multicellular.
p.18
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the role of the kidneys in the urinary system?
To filter blood and produce urine.
p.152
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are myoepithelial cells?
Spindle-shaped cells located in secretory glands or channels.
p.21
Definition and Importance of Histology
What hormones are produced by the adrenal gland?
Cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone.
p.43
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found in the body?
In absorptive cells of the small intestine and secretory cells in the stomach.
p.88
Definition and Importance of Histology
What are the two main components of the basal membrane?
Basal lamina and lamina reticularis.
p.149
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What type of glands are described in the text?
Compound tubulo-acinar glands.
p.109
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of occludin in the movement of membrane proteins?
Facilitates the movement from the apical to the basolateral part.
p.99
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What was the initial observation regarding cell selectivity?
It was first described in studies of developing embryos.
p.67
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What surrounds cilia?
A membrane that is a continuation of the plasma membrane.
p.25
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
How does epithelium contribute to protection against drying?
Through keratin and mucus.
p.104
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of anchoring junctions?
To provide mechanical stability to tissues.
p.66
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
How does cell polarity affect tissue organization?
It helps maintain the structure and function of epithelial tissues by ensuring proper orientation and interaction.
p.112
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Which glycoproteins are found in Macula Adherens (Desmosome)?
Desmocollin and desmoglein.
p.20
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What is the adenohypophysis commonly known as?
The anterior pituitary gland.
p.143
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are mucous glands?
Glands that secrete mucus, a thick fluid that lubricates and protects surfaces.
p.3
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is histology the study of?
Cells and the extracellular matrix of tissues.
p.1
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the primary focus of the lecture by Gözde Öğütcü?
Introduction to Epithelial Tissue.
p.153
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the structural characteristic of myoepithelial cells?
They have a star-like shape with contractile filaments.
p.93
Definition and Importance of Histology
What staining method is used to demonstrate the basement membrane?
PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) staining.
p.144
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
How are the final parts of serous and mucous secretory cells observed?
They are observed separately.
p.132
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What type of gland is the mammary gland?
A compound alveolar gland.
p.102
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the main function of integrins?
They serve as the main receptor for ECM proteins such as laminin, fibronectin, and collagen.
p.116
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What role do gap junctions play in embryonic development?
They are numerous between cells.
p.5
Definition and Importance of Histology
What are tissues?
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function.
p.110
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What extends into the cytoplasm in Zonula Adherens?
Actin filaments (microfilaments).
p.34
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What are the classifications of epithelium based on the number of layers?
Simple epithelium, stratified epithelium, and pseudostratified epithelium.
p.94
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
How does the basal lamina contribute to the relationship between epithelium and connective tissue?
It ensures separation of epithelium and connective tissue.
p.17
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the vagina's role in the female genital system?
It serves as the birth canal and the passage for menstrual fluid.
p.109
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are the two functions of occludin in tight junctions?
1. Movement of membrane proteins from apical to basolateral part. 2. Prevents water-soluble molecules from passing through the cells.
p.108
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Is Zonula Occludens associated with the cytoskeleton?
No, it is not associated with the cytoskeleton - actin.
p.90
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the significance of electron microscopic examinations regarding the lamina lucida?
It is accepted that lamina lucida occurs due to tissue follow-up.
p.73
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are microvilli?
Cylindrical extensions in tubular form, surrounded by plasma membrane.
p.31
Metaplasia in Epithelial Tissue
What occurs if the stimuli causing metaplasia are removed?
Metaplasia returns to normal.
p.43
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What type of ducts are lined with simple columnar epithelium?
Excretory ducts of the glands.
p.32
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is an example of metaplasia?
An example of metaplasia is the transformation of columnar epithelial cells to squamous epithelial cells in response to chronic irritation.
p.21
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the role of the adrenal gland in the stress response?
It produces hormones like adrenaline that help the body respond to stress.
p.152
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of myoepithelial cells?
They help to push out the secretory product by contracting.
p.29
Definition and Importance of Histology
What can cause epithelial metaplasia?
Stress and chronic inflammation.
p.152
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
How can myoepithelial cells be visualized?
Using special dye techniques.
p.126
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What defines a simple gland?
Channels that are not branching.
p.99
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What does adhesion refer to in the context of cell connections?
Scar-like bands of tissue between two surfaces.
p.134
Modes of Secretion in Glands
What is the merocrine mode of secretion?
Secretory granules are formed inside the cytoplasm and leave the cell via exocytosis.
p.116
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are connexins?
Six inner membrane proteins that form a connexon.
p.134
Modes of Secretion in Glands
Which glands utilize the merocrine mode of secretion?
Pancreas, salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and sweat glands.
p.111
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What type of binding occurs in the Zonula Adherens?
Actin binding with catenins.
p.47
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of simple columnar epithelium?
Absorption and secretion.
p.17
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What role do the fallopian tubes play in the female reproductive system?
They transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.
p.134
Modes of Secretion in Glands
What happens to the cell in holocrine secretion?
The whole cell degenerates, dies, and forms the secretum.
p.119
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that secrete their products into ducts that lead to the surface or into body cavities.
p.145
Modes of Secretion in Glands
What type of secretion do submandibular glands primarily produce?
Mixed secretion, containing both serous and mucous components.
p.66
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is cell polarity?
The spatial differences in the shape, structure, and function of cells.
p.101
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How does a defect in cadherins affect cancer?
It facilitates metastasis.
p.99
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are cell adhesion molecules?
Transmembrane proteins that facilitate selective cell-to-cell connections.
p.156
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What type of cells contribute to the regeneration of simple epithelia?
Undifferentiated cells (stem cells).
p.34
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What formations can be found on the free surface of epithelial cells?
Cilia, microvilli, and stereocilia.
p.125
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the appearance of goblet cells under a microscope?
They appear as flask-shaped cells with a narrow base and a wider top filled with mucus.
p.18
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the function of the bladder?
To store urine until it is excreted.
p.12
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What are the three main parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
p.119
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is a key difference in the secretion method between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine glands use ducts, while endocrine glands secrete directly into the bloodstream.
p.98
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Why are junctions necessary in multicellular organisms?
They facilitate intercellular relations important for development and function.
p.66
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What characterizes the apical surface of a polarized cell?
It often faces the lumen or external environment and may have microvilli or cilia.
p.142
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is rich in the region where the nucleus is located in mucous cells?
Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum (GER).
p.130
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What characterizes compound alveolar glands?
They have many discharge channels and their final parts expand to form the alveolar structure.
p.8
Definition and Importance of Histology
What organs are included in the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
p.96
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are hemidesmosomes?
Structures that anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane.
p.8
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
How does the small intestine contribute to digestion?
It absorbs nutrients from digested food.
p.67
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
In which systems can cilia be found?
Respiratory system (trachea) and oviduct.
p.92
Definition and Importance of Histology
How is the basement membrane in the trachea distinguished?
By HE staining due to its thickness.
p.115
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of gap junctions?
The passage of ions and other molecules.
p.74
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
How many actin microfilaments are contained in each microvillus?
About 20 - 30 actin microfilaments.
p.143
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
Where are mucous glands commonly found?
In the respiratory and digestive tracts.
p.37
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is the third type of single layer epithelium?
Columnar (cylindrical, prismatic) epithelium.
p.125
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is a goblet cell?
A specialized epithelial cell that secretes mucus.
p.110
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How do Zonula Adherens surround the cell?
They surround the cell like tight junctions.
p.125
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the primary function of goblet cells?
To produce and secrete mucus for lubrication and protection.
p.106
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Which proteins are involved in the formation of Zonula Ocludens?
Klaudin and occludin proteins.
p.52
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What distinguishes para-keratinized multi-layer squamous epithelium from keratinized epithelium?
In para-keratinized epithelium, cell nuclei retain their presence.
p.43
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where is the cell nucleus located in simple columnar epithelium?
Closer to the basement membrane.
p.45
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where are cilia found in the respiratory system?
In the lining of the trachea.
p.156
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
How does regeneration occur in stratified epithelia?
Through mitotic divisions of the basal layers.
p.13
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the length of the large intestine in adults?
Approximately 1.5 meters (5 feet).
p.45
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What do cilia do in the trachea?
They sweep mucus and dirt out of the lungs.
p.149
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What do trabeculae or septae do in the glands?
They divide the organ into lobes and lobules.
p.32
Definition and Importance of Histology
What can trigger metaplasia?
Metaplasia can be triggered by chronic irritation or inflammation.
p.5
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What are examples of specialized connective tissues?
Blood tissue, bone tissue, cartilage tissue, and fat tissue.
p.80
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
Where can stereocilia be found?
In the epididymis, proximal part of ductus deferens, and sensory cells of the ear.
p.94
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
How does the basal lamina provide polarity in epithelial tissue?
It helps establish the polarity of the epithelial tissue.
p.25
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is one function of epithelium related to physical damage?
Protection against tearing and abrasion.
p.94
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What skeletal function does the basal lamina serve in epithelial tissue?
It plays a role in epithelial tissue regeneration and degeneration.
p.104
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of tight junctions?
To prevent the passage of materials between cells.
p.50
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is stratified columnar epithelium?
A type of multi-layer epithelium with column-like cells.
p.72
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the primary function of cilia?
To move fluids or particles across the cell surface.
p.98
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the significance of junctions in the development of different cell and tissue types?
They are crucial for the differentiation and organization of cells and tissues.
p.126
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are the three shapes of secretory units in multicellular glands?
Tubular, alveolar (acinar), and tubulo-alveolar.
p.53
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How do the papillae contribute to the multilayer epithelium?
They provide a more rigid attachment to the connective tissue.
p.44
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where do Microvilli form a striped border?
In the small intestine within simple columnar epithelium.
p.116
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is a connexon?
A half-channel structure belonging to each cell.
p.134
Modes of Secretion in Glands
What characterizes the apocrine mode of secretion?
The apical part of the cytoplasm along with part of the cell membrane leaves the surface.
p.106
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the characteristic feature of cells connected by Zonula Ocludens?
There is no space between the cells.
p.113
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the characteristic appearance of desmosomes?
They appear as dots located locally.
p.138
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
Which glands are examples of serous glands?
Parotid gland and exocrine pancreas.
p.89
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Which additional types of collagen are found in the basal lamina?
Type XV and XVIII collagens.
p.89
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What role does laminin play in the basal lamina?
It is associated with epithelial cells in the lamina densa.
p.94
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What role does the basal lamina play in filtration?
It aids in the filtration process.
p.29
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is epithelial metaplasia?
The transformation of a mature epithelial cell type into another epithelial type.
p.99
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are the four large groups of adhesion molecules?
Selectins, Cadherins, Integrins, and Ig Superfamily.
p.88
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What does the lamina reticularis consist of?
Collagen and reticular fibers produced by fibroblasts.
p.133
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the most common type of Tubulo-Alveolar gland?
Compound Tubulo-Alveolar glands.
p.96
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are stereocilia?
Long, non-motile projections that increase surface area, primarily found in the inner ear.
p.141
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What do mucous glands secrete?
Large glycosylated proteins known as musinogens.
p.144
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What type of secretion do seromucous glands produce?
Both serous and mucous secretion.
p.17
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of the ovaries in the female genital system?
To produce eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
p.90
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the reticular lamina?
The part that belongs to the underlying connective tissue.
p.144
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What covers the final parts of the mucous in seromucous glands?
Serous cells in the form of a half-moon.
p.18
Definition and Importance of Histology
What organs are included in the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
p.145
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are submandibular glands?
Salivary glands located beneath the jaw.
p.108
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are the associated proteins with Zonula Occludens?
ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and AF-6.
p.81
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where are stereocilia found in the body?
In the epididymis and the hair cells of the inner ear.
p.119
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
How do exocrine glands form?
From epithelial tissue that invaginates into the underlying connective tissue.
p.119
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
How do endocrine glands develop?
From epithelial tissue that loses its connection to the surface and forms a network of blood vessels.
p.16
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What type of tissue primarily composes the trachea?
Cartilage and epithelial tissue.
p.34
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What are the physicochemical properties of cells at the top of epithelial tissue?
Keratin and non-keratinized.
p.13
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What role do gut bacteria play in the large intestine?
They help in the fermentation of undigested materials and produce vitamins.
p.112
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the structure of Macula Adherens (Desmosome)?
It consists of two disc-shaped structures forming retaining plates on the inside of the membrane.
p.29
Definition and Importance of Histology
What happens to the original cells during epithelial metaplasia?
They are replaced by resistant cells that adapt to the new environment.
p.25
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What substances are secreted by epithelial tissue?
Hormones, digestive enzymes, and mucus.
p.133
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are examples of Simple Tubulo-Alveolar glands?
Small sero-mucosal glands in the oral mucosa and respiratory tract, such as Littre glands.
p.51
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What determines the naming of stratified squamous epithelium?
The shape of the cells in the top row.
p.96
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of gap junctions?
They allow communication and transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells.
p.38
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
In the lungs, blood vessels (endothelium), mesothelium, and covering the parietal and visceral layers of the Bowman capsule.
p.38
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Why is simple squamous epithelium very thin?
To allow for faster transitions, such as gas exchange.
p.90
Definition and Importance of Histology
What components are found in the reticular lamina?
Heparan sulfate and fibronectin.
p.125
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
Where are goblet cells commonly found?
In the lining of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
p.75
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where do Myosin I and Calmodulin bind actin filaments?
On the lateral sides of the cell membrane.
p.95
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
Is the adhesive material in junctional complexes strong enough to hold epithelial cells together?
No, it is not strong enough.
p.81
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What role do stereocilia play in the hair cells of the inner ear?
They are involved in signal generation.
p.129
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are uterine endometrial glands?
Glands located in the endometrium of the uterus that secrete substances to support embryo implantation and development.
p.100
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are selectins classified into?
L-selectin, E-selectin, and P-selectin.
p.129
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of uterine endometrial glands?
To secrete nutrients and hormones that support the early stages of pregnancy.
p.67
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the function of cilia on the apical cell surface?
They move in a certain direction.
p.50
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
A type of multi-layer epithelium with flat cells on the surface.
p.21
Definition and Importance of Histology
What are the two main parts of the adrenal gland?
The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
p.96
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the function of the basal membrane?
It provides support and anchorage for epithelial cells.
p.67
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the structural arrangement of microtubules in cilia?
9 pairs in the border and 1 pair in the middle (9 + 2 arrangement).
p.133
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What structures are included in the secretory moiety of Tubulo-Alveolar Glands?
Both tubular and alveolar structures.
p.72
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where are cilia commonly found?
On the surface of epithelial cells.
p.8
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?
To produce bile, which helps in the digestion of fats.
p.8
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
To produce digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.
p.31
Metaplasia in Epithelial Tissue
What happens to the stratified squamous epithelium in the lower end of the esophagus due to reflux?
It may transform into single-layered columnar epithelium.
p.113
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What proteins are found in desmosomes?
Cadherins, specifically desmoglein.
p.80
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of stereocilia?
They help to expand cell surface and facilitate absorption.
p.50
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is multi-layer epithelium?
Epithelium consisting of multiple layers of cells.
p.95
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
In which type of epithelial tissues are junctional complexes prominent?
Epithelial tissues exposed to pressure, such as skin.
p.145
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
Where are the submandibular glands located?
Beneath the mandible (jawbone).
p.50
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What are the three types of stratified epithelium?
Stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, and stratified columnar epithelium.
p.73
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of microvilli?
To increase the absorption surface on free surfaces.
p.98
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How do junctions contribute to the shape of cells in tissues?
They help determine and maintain the shape of cells.
p.66
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is found on the basolateral surface of polarized cells?
Adherens junctions and tight junctions that connect to neighboring cells.
p.8
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
To break down food using acids and enzymes.
p.25
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
Which epithelial structures are involved in sensory perception?
Taste buds and olfactory epithelium.
p.72
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the structure of cilia?
Cilia are hair-like projections made of microtubules.
p.72
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
How do cilia differ from flagella?
Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella.
p.34
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What are the shapes of cells in epithelial tissue?
Flat, cubic, and columnar (cylindrical).
p.5
Types of Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
What types of tissue fall under epithelial tissue?
Lining and glandular tissue.
p.66
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Why is cell polarity important?
It is crucial for the proper functioning of tissues and organs, influencing cell behavior and communication.
p.17
Definition and Importance of Histology
What are the external genitalia of the female genital system?
Includes the vulva, clitoris, and labia.
p.21
Definition and Importance of Histology
Where is the pituitary gland located?
At the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus.
p.152
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What proteins are found in the cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells?
Tropomyosin, myosin, and abundant actin microfilaments.
p.18
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the purpose of the urethra?
To carry urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
p.113
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What happens to keratinocytes in Pemphigus foliaceus?
The adhesion properties are lost, causing cells to separate.
p.50
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?
A type of multi-layer epithelium with cube-shaped cells.
p.16
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
p.98
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What role do junctions play in embryonic development?
They are important for the adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium.
p.62
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
How does the number of cell layers change in these organs?
It changes based on the fullness of the organ.
p.98
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What types of molecules are involved in junctions related to nutrition and cell migration?
Various adhesion molecules.
p.98
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
How do junctions relate to pathogenesis?
They are involved in the mechanisms of cell migration and adhesion during disease processes.
p.8
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the significance of the large intestine?
To absorb water and electrolytes, and to form waste.
p.124
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What appearance do goblet cells have in a light microscope?
A foamy appearance due to large mucus-containing vesicles.
p.51
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelium?
Para-keratinized and non-keratinized.
p.148
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What type of gland are the sublingual glands?
Sero-mucous (mixed) gland.
p.66
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are the two main regions of polarized cells?
Apical and basolateral regions.
p.156
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What role does the basal lamina play in tissue repair?
It serves as a guide in tissue repair.
p.8
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
To break down food into nutrients for the body.
p.142
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where is the Golgi complex located in relation to the nucleus in mucous cells?
In the upper part of the nucleus.
p.29
Definition and Importance of Histology
What is the most common type of epithelial metaplasia?
Transformation of columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium.
p.96
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What are cilia?
Hair-like structures that help in movement and transport of substances.
p.133
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are examples of Compound Tubulo-Alveolar glands?
Large salivary glands, pancreas, large sero-mucous respiratory tract, prostate, and Brunner glands.
p.124
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
Where are the nucleus and organelles located in goblet cells?
In the basal part of the cells.
p.148
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What type of gland is the parotid gland?
Completely pure serous gland.
p.129
Definition and Importance of Histology
Where are uterine endometrial glands found?
In the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus.
p.129
Regeneration and Renewal of Epithelial Cells
What changes occur in uterine endometrial glands during the menstrual cycle?
They undergo cyclic changes in size and secretion in response to hormonal fluctuations.
p.99
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the role of adhesion molecules?
They play a role in forming connections between cells.
p.128
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What are tubular glands?
Glands characterized by their tubular shape and structure.
p.142
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What happens to the nucleus when mucous cells are filled with secretion?
The nucleus is pushed to the basal part of the cell and becomes flattened.
p.96
Cell Polarity and Surface Specializations
What is the role of microvilli?
They increase the surface area for absorption.
p.96
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the function of zonula occludens?
It forms tight junctions that prevent the passage of materials between cells.
p.148
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What type of gland is the submandibular gland?
Sero-mucous (mixed) gland.
p.124
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
What is the primary function of goblet cells in the digestive tract?
To protect the mucosal surface from pancreatic enzymes and bacterial involvement.
p.96
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What are macula adherens (desmosomes)?
Structures that provide strong adhesion between epithelial cells.
p.96
Junctional Complexes in Epithelial Tissue
What is the purpose of zonula adherens?
It provides adhesion between adjacent epithelial cells.
p.51
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
In the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, mucosa of the vagina, and the outer face of the cornea.
p.137
Modes of Secretion in Glands
What happens to the cells during holocrine secretion?
The entire cell disintegrates to release its contents.
p.128
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
What are compound tubular glands?
Glands with multiple discharge channels opening into a main channel, such as cardiac glands in the stomach.
p.117
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What do salivary glands secrete?
Carbohydrate and protein.
p.148
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What are serous demilunes?
Structures found in the submandibular gland.
p.137
Glandular Epithelium: Types and Functions
What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?
To secrete sebum, which lubricates and waterproofs the skin.
