p.3
Consciousness and Its Properties
What is selectivity in consciousness?
The ability to focus on certain objects while ignoring others, exemplified by the cocktail-party phenomenon.
What does illogical thought in dreams refer to?
Breaks in the normal rules of time, space, and logic.
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Major Psychological Theories
What does Cognitive Psychology study?
Internal mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.
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Subfields of Psychology
What is the focus of Neuroscience in psychology?
How the brain and body enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
p.2
Consciousness and Its Properties
What does intentionality refer to in consciousness?
The directedness toward an object or experience.
p.1
Major Psychological Theories
What is the main focus of Humanistic Psychology?
Human growth potential, love, acceptance, and self-actualization.
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Key Psychological Processes
What do psychological influences include?
Learned behaviors, emotional responses, and cognitive processing.
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Consciousness and Its Properties
What are the four basic properties of consciousness?
Intentionality, unity, selectivity, and transience.
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Major Psychological Theories
Who is associated with Functionalism and what does it emphasize?
William James; it emphasizes the evolved functions of the mind and behavior for survival.
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Key Psychological Processes
What does the Biopsychosocial Approach integrate?
Biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors in understanding behavior.
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Research Methods in Psychology
What is the difference between random sampling and convenience sampling?
Random sampling ensures representativeness, while convenience sampling relies on readily available participants.
p.3
Consciousness and Its Properties
What is minimal consciousness?
Basic sensory awareness and response, such as reacting to stimuli without full awareness.
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Major Psychological Theories
What is the focus of Structuralism in psychology?
Classifying and understanding elements of the mind’s structure using introspection.
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Application of Psychological Theories
What are ethical considerations in research?
Respecting participant confidentiality, informed consent, and minimizing harm.
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Research Methods in Psychology
What is an operationalization in research?
Defining variables in measurable terms.
p.2
Consciousness and Its Properties
What does unity in consciousness mean?
The ability to integrate different pieces of information into a coherent whole.
p.3
Consciousness and Its Properties
What characterizes full consciousness?
Awareness and the ability to report mental states, like thinking about your thoughts.
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Major Psychological Theories
What does Behaviorism define psychology as?
The scientific study of observable behavior, disregarding internal mental states.
p.2
Biopsychosocial Approach
What is biopsychosocial integration?
Combining insights from various perspectives to create comprehensive arguments for behavior.
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Subfields of Psychology
What is the focus of Behavior Genetics?
How genes and the environment influence individual differences.
p.3
Consciousness and Its Properties
What is self-consciousness?
Attention directed to oneself as an object, such as seeing oneself in a mirror.
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Major Psychological Theories
What key concept does Psychoanalytic Psychology emphasize?
The unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior.
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Key Psychological Processes
What are biological influences in psychology?
Genetic predispositions, mutations, and natural selection.
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Research Methods in Psychology
What is the focus of qualitative research?
Context-rich data and subjective experiences.
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Evaluation of Research Validity and Reliability
What is reliability in the context of research?
The consistency of research results when repeated.
p.2
Research Methods in Psychology
What is an independent variable?
The factor that is manipulated in an experiment.
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Application of Psychological Theories
How does the Cognitive Perspective influence emotions?
By investigating how interpretations of situations influence emotions and decision-making.
p.3
Consciousness and Its Properties
What does transience refer to in consciousness?
<p>The ever-changing nature of consciousness (described by William James' concept of the 'stream' of consciousness).</p>
Why is it often difficult to remember dreams?
Dreams are often hard to recall upon waking.
p.1
Subfields of Psychology
What does Evolutionary Psychology study?
How natural selection influences behavior and psychological traits.
What are the characteristics of dream consciousness?
Includes intense emotions, illogical thought, vivid sensory experiences, uncritical acceptance of bizarre events, and difficulty remembering.
p.2
Evaluation of Research Validity and Reliability
What does validity ensure in research?
That the research accurately measures what it claims to.
p.2
Research Methods in Psychology
What is the focus of quantitative research?
Causality, measurement, generalization, and replication.
p.1
Application of Psychological Theories
What does the Behavioral perspective analyze?
How we learn observable behaviors through conditioning.
