p.7
Extraction of Root Tips and Intraradicular Bone
How is the root tip drawn upwards after entering the root canal?
By hand or with a needle holder.
p.4
General Rules for Using Elevators
What type of grip should be used with an elevator?
Full grip with a finger guard to prevent slipping.
p.3
Techniques for Tooth Luxation
What is the primary function of elevators in tooth extraction?
To loosen the tooth or root from the bony socket prior to placement of the extraction forceps.
p.5
General Rules for Using Elevators
What is used as a fulcrum during the luxation of a tooth?
The alveolar ridge, not the adjacent tooth.
p.4
Wedge, Lever, and Screwdriver Actions in Elevation
When should the screwdriver action be used?
After the tooth has been considerably mobilized.
p.3
General Rules for Using Elevators
What should be taken care of during the use of elevators?
Surrounding vital structures.
p.6
Application Techniques for Elevators
What type of elevator is used to remove intraradicular bone?
A straight elevator with Cryer.
p.1
Basic Instrumentation for Exodontia
What types of forceps are used in soft tissue procedures?
Toothed forceps and non-toothed forceps.
p.6
Techniques for Tooth Luxation
What does the diagrammatic illustration show regarding the mandibular second premolar?
Luxation of the root tip using an Apexo elevator.
p.2
Steps of Simple Tooth Extraction
What should be done after extracting the tooth from the socket?
Squeeze the socket and apply pressure gauze.
p.5
Application Techniques for Elevators
What is the recommended angle for applying the elevator in the periodontal space?
45° or 90° to the long axis of the tooth.
p.5
General Rules for Using Elevators
What can happen if the adjacent tooth is used as a fulcrum during extraction?
It creates great tension around the tooth, risking injury to surrounding tissues.
p.1
Basic Instrumentation for Exodontia
What is a rongeur used for?
To remove bone or tissue.
p.3
General Rules for Using Elevators
What should not be used as a fulcrum when using elevators?
The buccal or lingual plate of bone.
p.1
Basic Instrumentation for Exodontia
What is the purpose of mosquito forceps?
To clamp small blood vessels.
p.1
Basic Instrumentation for Exodontia
What is the function of a periosteal elevator?
To detach the periosteum from the bone.
p.4
Wedge, Lever, and Screwdriver Actions in Elevation
What is the Lever Effect in tooth extraction?
Works on lever and fulcrum principle, forcing the tooth/root along the line of withdrawal.
p.3
Types of Elevators Used in Exodontia
Name one type of elevator used in exodontia.
Straight elevators (Couplands).
p.5
Application Techniques for Elevators
In which directions can the elevator be applied during extraction?
Mesially, distally, and buccally (only for lower 2&3 molars).
p.3
General Rules for Using Elevators
Where should elevators be placed during use?
Between the tooth and bone.
p.4
General Rules for Using Elevators
What are the risks of using excessive force with an elevator?
Crown fracture and loosening adjacent teeth.
p.1
Basic Instrumentation for Exodontia
What are the sizes of straight elevators used in hard tissue procedures?
Small (3 mm), medium (4 mm), and large (5 mm).
p.1
Basic Instrumentation for Exodontia
What is the difference between Coupland and straight elevators?
Coupland elevators have a specific design for root extraction, while straight elevators are more general-purpose.
p.5
General Rules for Using Elevators
What should be placed between the finger and the lingual side during extraction?
Gauze, for protection from injury in case the elevator slips.
p.1
Basic Instrumentation for Exodontia
What is the purpose of a bone file?
To smooth and contour bone surfaces.
p.6
Extraction of Root Tips and Intraradicular Bone
What is the focus when removing the tip of the distal root of a maxillary molar?
Using appropriate elevator techniques.
p.4
Wedge, Lever, and Screwdriver Actions in Elevation
What is the Wedge Effect in tooth elevation?
Wedge elevator is placed between tooth and bone at the neck of the tooth, then rotated with a slight twisting, quarter-turn movement.
p.4
Techniques for Tooth Luxation
What should you observe for when using a wedge elevator?
Observe for tooth movement.
p.6
Techniques for Tooth Luxation
What technique is used for removing the tip of a mesial root of a mandibular molar?
Removal of intraradicular bone and luxation using a double-angled (Apexo) elevator.
p.3
General Rules for Using Elevators
What should elevators rest on during use?
Bone (as a fulcrum point) and not adjacent teeth.
p.5
Application Techniques for Elevators
At what angle should the straight elevator be positioned on the distal surface of the root?
Either perpendicular or at an angle of 45°.
p.3
Types of Elevators Used in Exodontia
What is a characteristic of the blade of a straight elevator?
It has one convex side inserted toward the bone and one concave side inserted toward the root surface.
p.6
General Rules for Using Elevators
What is the positioning of the elevator and fingers of the left hand used for?
For separation of molar roots.
p.2
Detaching Gingival Tissues
What instrument is used to detach the gingiva during tooth extraction?
Periosteal elevator (MOLT).
p.4
Wedge, Lever, and Screwdriver Actions in Elevation
What is the fulcrum in the Lever Effect?
Crestal bone or adjacent tooth.
p.2
Techniques for Tooth Luxation
What motion is applied when using the periosteal elevator to detach soft tissue?
Rocking motion (stabbing motion).
p.2
Detaching Gingival Tissues
What is the purpose of the broader rounded end of the periosteal elevator?
To reflect mucoperiosteum away from the bone.
p.4
Techniques for Tooth Luxation
How should the elevator be applied in the periodontal space?
Parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
p.3
General Rules for Using Elevators
What are the three actions used in elevation techniques?
Wedge, Lever, and Screwdriver (wheel & axle).
p.3
General Rules for Using Elevators
What is a general rule for using elevators regarding grip?
Use a palm grip and finger guard.
p.2
Detaching Gingival Tissues
What is the function of the sharp pointed end of the periosteal elevator?
To cut gingival attachment at the cervical region.
p.2
Operator Positioning During Local Anesthesia
What is the preferred position for a patient who is faint during extraction?
Lying in a supine position.
