In a parenthetical citation, include the full name of the organization followed by the year of publication, for example: (American Psychological Association, 2020).
A DOI is used to reliably identify digital content.
DOIs are most often assigned to journal articles, but they can also be assigned to books, videos, and infographics found on the web.
Stafford, T. (2018, January 3). The backfire effect is elusive. Mind Hacks. https://mindhacks.com/2018/01/03/the-backfire-effect-is-elusive/
Johnson, A. (2018, May 24). “It doesn’t need to be this way”: The promise of specialised early intervention in psychosis services. IEPA. https://iepa.org.au/network-news/it-doesnt-need-to-be-this-way-the-promise-of-specialised-early-intervention-in-psychosis-services/
References should include the author's name, date, publisher information, journal information, and/or DOI, ISBN, or ISSN.
Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12 - 15). Everybody's got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference Session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session9517.html
Koehler, Mueller, and Garth (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage (p. 3).
You cite two authors in a narrative citation by including both last names in the text followed by the year of publication, like this: Koehler and Mueller (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage.
A narrative citation incorporates the author's name into the text, followed by the year of publication in parentheses.
Auster, P. & Blackwater, K. (2007). The Brooklyn follies. http://www.barnesandnoble.com/
Mosek, E. (2017). Team flow: The missing piece in performance [Master’s Thesis, Victoria University]. Victoria University Research Repository. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/35038/
Tsao, S. - F. (2016). Associations between consumption of fruits and vegetables among older consumers and farmers market shopping [Master’s thesis, University of Kentucky]. UKnowledge. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/47/
The citations refer to pages 123 and 124.
A note citation is another type of in-text citation that provides additional information in footnotes or endnotes.
Moran, A., & Toner, J. (2017). A critical introduction to sport psychology (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Aspy, D. J., & Proeve, M. (2017). Mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation: Effects on connectedness to humanity and to the natural world. Psychological Reports, 120(1), 102-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116685867
Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler, 2016).
Citation is how credit is given to an author for their creative and intellectual works that the researcher referenced as support for his research.
A numerical citation is a type of in-text citation where a reference is indicated by a number, and the full reference is listed in the reference section of the paper.
Tillett, A. (2018, May 9). Australians encouraged to age at home. The Australian Financial Review, 5.
A citation is a reference to a literature source used in research.
You cite two authors in a parenthetical citation by including both last names separated by an ampersand followed by the year of publication, like this: (Koehler & Mueller, 2016).
A parenthetical citation includes the author's last name and the year of publication within parentheses, typically at the end of a sentence.
Power, J. (2011). Movement, knowledge, emotion: Gay activism and HIV/AIDS in Australia. ANU Press. https://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=search&query=rid:15033
An ISBN identifies a book's edition, publisher, and physical properties like trim size, page count, and binding type.
It is cited as: In Lajom’s (2015) study, it was established that the two dimensions became two separate constructs.
In a narrative citation, mention the organization as part of the sentence followed by the year of publication in parentheses, for example: The American Psychological Association (2020) states that...
Economics nudging people away from war. (2017, December 16). The Age, 33.
Jones (1987, as cited in Kersten, 2010) found out that students often had difficulty using APA style.
Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler, Mueller, & Garth, 2016).
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (2013). Conditioned emotional reactions: The case of Little Albert (D. Webb, Ed.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. http://a.co/06Se6Na
Woodman, D. (2018, May 16). Internships have much to offer but provisions are necessary to ensure the young truly benefit. The Australian, 29.
(Jones, 1987, as cited in Kersten, 2010)
Use 'et al.' after the first author's surname followed by the year, e.g., (Koehler et al., 2016).
You use the first author's last name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication, e.g., (Koehler et al., 2016).
You mention the first author's last name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication, e.g., Koehler et al. (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage.
Spring, A. & Earl, C. (2018, May 22). ‘Just not blond’: How the diversity push is failing Australian fashion. The Guardian: Australia Edition. https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/may/22/just-not-blonde-how-the-diversity-push-is-failing-australian-fashion
(University of the Philippines, 2019)
It typically appears at the end of a sentence, like this: (Lajom, 2015).
Author(s). (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle. Publisher. https://doi.org/DOI
Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage (p. 3).
International Standard Serial Number
Serial publications such as journals, magazines, newspapers, directories, and annual reports.
A note citation uses the same format as a numerical citation, but the reference is written at the bottom of the same page instead of in the reference section.
Kazzl, . (2015, December 26). The BB cafe is open for business! Welcome to a new chill and chat place for everyone on the forum [@KazzlBB]. Beyond Blue. https://www.beyondblue.org.au/get-support/online-forums/bb-social-zone/the-bb-cafe
Dela Cruz, J. [@jdelac]. (2017, August 20). Communication is a human right, yet barriers to communication accessibility still exist. How can you help? #SPweek goo.gl/xmWQNL. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SpeechPathAus/status/899167896164864001
Pearson, J. (2018, September 27 - 30). Fat talk and its effects on state-based body image in women [Poster presentation]. Australian Psychological Society Congress, Sydney, NSW, Australia. http://bit.ly/2XGSThP
An in-text citation is a short acknowledgement of a source in academic writing, written within a sentence.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2003) stressed that harmonious passion for work was positively correlated to work engagement.
The article title should be in sentence case.
Fletcher, D. P. (2018). Disrupters: Success strategies from women who break the mold. Entrepreneur Press.
Mention the first author's surname followed by 'et al.' and the year, e.g., Koehler et al. (2016).
Stockert, P. A. & Taylor, C. (2014). Sleep. In P. A. Potter, A. G. Perry, J. C. Ross-Kerr & M. J. Wood (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (pp. 993-1016). Elsevier.
Blakey, N., Guinea, S., & Saghafi, F. (2017). Transforming undergraduate nursing curriculum by aligning models of clinical reasoning through simulation. In R. Walker & S. Bedford (Eds.), Research and Development in Higher Education: Vol. 40. Curriculum Transformation (pp. 25-37). Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia. http://www.herdsa.org.au/research-and-development-higher-education-vol-40-25
In a narrative citation.
An ISBN allows retailers, libraries, and distributors to efficiently search for books.
The types include parenthetical citation, narrative citation, numerical citation, and note citation.
Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000
The journal title should be italicized and each major word capitalized.
Cuesta, P. (2020, January 9). Children cope with trauma in different ways. Look for changes in behavior that suggest they are unsettled or distressed. [@pcuesta]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/pg/pcuesta/posts/?ref=page_internal
An ISBN is a unique number assigned to every published book that identifies its edition, publisher, and physical properties.
The University of the Philippines (2019)
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003)
Haile, L., Gallagher, M., & Robertson, R. J. (2015). Perceived exertion laboratory manual: From standard practice to contemporary application. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1917-8
A narrative citation is a type of in-text citation where the author's name is incorporated into the text of the sentence.
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
List all authors in the reference, separated by commas, with an ampersand before the last author.
Geraghty, S., Lauva, M., & Oliver, K. (2016). Reconstructing compassion: Should it be taught as part of the curriculum? British Journal of Nursing, 25(15), 836-839. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2016.25.15.836
In parenthetical citation, include the institution's name and year, e.g., (University of the Philippines, 2019). In narrative citation, state the institution followed by the year, e.g., The University of the Philippines (2019).
Maddox, S., Hurling, J., Stewart, E., & Edwards, A. (2016, March 30 - April 2). If mama ain't happy, nobody's happy: The effect of parental depression on mood dysregulation in children [Paper presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 62nd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States. http://bit.ly/2XGSThP
Stoker, B., Helsing, V., & Stein, F. (2010). Dracula. Dover Publications. https://www.overdrive.com/
Psychological well-being is one of the dimensions of self-care and job performance may relate to work engagement.
The publication year should be placed in parentheses immediately after the authors' names.
Schulman, M., Schaefer, N. K., & Shapiro, B. (2019). Superfans: A love story. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/16/superfans-a-love-story
The DOI should be included at the end of the reference, prefaced by 'https://doi.org/'.
Australian Psychological Society. (1989). Home [@AusPsySoc]. Facebook. Retrieved January 21, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/AustralianPsychologicalSociety/
Harmonious passion for work was positively correlated to work engagement, while obsessive passion for work was negatively correlated.
Smith, G. (2018). Examining the impact of mindset and personality on athletes’ attitudes toward sports psychology consultants (Publication No. 10746190) [Doctoral dissertation, Drake University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
A parenthetical citation is one of the types of in-text citations that appears in parentheses within the text.
Svendsen, S., & Løber, L. (2020). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3rd digital ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642
The page range should be listed after the volume and issue numbers.
List the names of ALL authors in the reference list.
Last name and initials of the authors, with an ampersand (&) used for 'and'.
Dugan, K. T., & Stieh, M. (2022, February 15). The many lives of crypto’s most notorious couple. The Intelligencer. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/02/the-many-shifting-sides-of-cryptos-most-notorious-couple.html
The volume number should be italicized, followed by the issue number in parentheses (not italicized).
Matthews, G., Smith, Y., & Knowles, G. (2009). Disaster management in archives, libraries and museums. Ashgate.
Luckerson, V. (2014, January). Tech’s biggest promises for 2014. TIME. https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2161683,00.html
Numerical citation is a type of in-text citation that uses numbers to refer to sources.
List the authors in the order they appear on the title page, using an ampersand (&) before the last author's name.
Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162
