p.39
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Where can you find more information about the Paramedic Scopes of Practice?
On the Ontario Paramedic website.
What is the significance of the phrase 'we stand on the shoulders of giants' in the context of prehospital medicine?
It acknowledges the contributions of pioneers in the field.
p.31
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
Which paramedic levels are covered by the NOCPs?
Primary Care Paramedic (PCP), Advanced Care Paramedic (ACP), and Critical Care Paramedic (CCP).
p.58
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What information do ACOs gather during a 911 call?
Location of the patient, nature of the illness, and provide medical instructions.
p.32
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the MOHLTC mandate regarding training?
A system of continued training must be in place.
p.12
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What was the common practice for ambulance services prior to 1967?
Most just did 'scoop and run'.
p.12
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What determined who could operate an ambulance service before 1967?
Whoever had an appropriate vehicle could use it.
What was the quality of care provided by ambulances in the 1800s?
Minimal at best; it was primarily a vehicle to move the patient.
Who are some key figures in the development of modern prehospital medicine?
Dr. Nancy Caroline and Dr. Eugene Nagel.
p.18
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What were the main types of ownership for ambulance services between 1966 and 1990?
Hospitals, cities, private owners, volunteer first response teams, and the Ministry of Health.
p.51
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
Where were the Paramedics trained for the Ontario Air Ambulance Service?
Sunnybrook Base Hospital Aeromedical Program.
p.66
Medical Directives and Oversight
What is one responsibility of the physician in an EMS system?
Reviewing quality improvement.
p.67
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the phrase 'Abuse it and you’ll lose it' imply in the context of Paramedics and Medical Directors?
It emphasizes the importance of adhering to the Medical Director's authority and guidelines.
p.63
Medical Directives and Oversight
What are Medical Directives?
Written instructions listing guidelines for the care of patients with specific conditions, illnesses, or injuries.
p.25
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What is the purpose of the quality assurance reviews?
To measure the success of each program provider in meeting service delivery requirements.
p.32
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What type of training is organized or peer-directed in Human Resources?
Regular in-service training.
p.43
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the role of a Senior Paramedic?
To provide advanced care and mentorship to junior paramedics.
p.24
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the role of designated base hospital programs in Ontario?
To monitor the appropriateness and quality of patient care.
p.28
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What programs does the province fund at 100 percent of approved costs?
Base hospitals, dispatch, Central Ambulance Communication Centres (CACC), Ambulance Communications Services (ACS), ambulance service to First Nations communities, Territories Without Municipal Organization (TWOMO), and the air ambulance program.
p.8
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What does EMS stand for?
Emergency Medical Services.
p.55
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What type of land ambulances does Ornge use?
Crestline Commander land ambulances.
p.64
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is certification?
Action by which an agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has met its qualification.
How did the advent of the automobile impact ambulance services?
It made the trip to the hospital faster.
p.49
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What does ERV stand for?
Emergency Response Vehicle.
p.65
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is licensure?
The process by which a governmental agency grants permission to an individual to engage in a given occupation.
p.41
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is a key characteristic of special teams in paramedicine?
They have specialized training tailored to specific needs.
p.68
Future Trends in Paramedicine
What ongoing effort is important for the advancement of paramedicine?
EMS Research continues, focusing on new training and equipment.
p.66
Medical Directives and Oversight
What does Off-line Medical Control include?
Protocols and standing orders.
p.28
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the role of provincial funds in EMS?
To run the provincial EMS offices.
p.55
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What type of helicopters does Ornge operate?
Leonardo AW-139 helicopters.
p.39
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the purpose of the Paramedic Scopes of Practice?
To define the roles and responsibilities of paramedics.
p.51
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What was the Ontario Air Ambulance Service Corporation formerly known as?
A division of the MOHLTC.
p.65
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does a governmental agency assess during the licensure process?
Whether the applicant has attained the minimal degree of competency necessary.
p.67
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the role of a Paramedic in relation to a physician?
The Paramedic is a designated agent of the physician.
p.58
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What technology do ACOs use to gather information?
Computer Aided Dispatching (CAD) programs.
p.12
Development of Paramedicine
Who primarily operated ambulance services in Ontario before 1967?
Local funeral homes, cab companies, or towing services.
p.12
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What type of training did ambulance service providers have before 1967?
Training was non-existent; some had first aid or ex-military training.
p.57
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What are the responsibilities of the CACC?
Ambulance and local fire department dispatching.
p.54
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What are the primary responsibilities of Ornge?
Transport medicine operations, including contracting flight service providers and medical oversight of flight paramedics.
p.33
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What significant political promise was made regarding paramedics in Ontario in 1995?
Mike Harris promised to have PARAMEDICS province-wide.
p.63
Medical Directives and Oversight
Who approves Medical Directives?
The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC).
p.41
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
Where are most special teams located?
In large urban centers or services with special circumstances.
p.58
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the primary responsibility of Ambulance Communications Officers (ACOs)?
Receiving 911 calls and gathering patient information.
p.32
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What does CME stand for in the context of training?
Continuing Medical Education.
p.69
Future Trends in Paramedicine
How do community groups contribute to future developments?
They provide grassroots perspectives and advocate for local needs.
p.57
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Who operates the Central Ambulance Communication Centers (CACC)?
The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
p.24
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How do base hospital physicians assist paramedics?
By providing advice and direction in challenging or unusual emergency medical situations.
p.8
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is EMS a blanket term for?
All the components of a Paramedic service.
p.52
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What was significant about Ontario's air ambulance system in Canada?
It was the first Canadian province to provide a helicopter-based air ambulance system.
p.45
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is a key feature of modern ambulances?
They are equipped with advanced medical equipment and technology.
p.52
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What training system was developed in 1977 for air ambulance services?
A training system for critical care flight paramedics.
p.19
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What was a key recommendation of the Swimmer Report?
That all existing ambulance and dispatch services be taken over by the provincial government and run as one entity.
p.23
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What standards does the Emergency Health Services Branch develop?
Vehicle and equipment standards, policies, and procedures.
p.23
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What services are included in the Emergency Health Services Branch's responsibilities?
Inspection and investigation services.
p.35
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is one of the primary responsibilities of an Emergency Medical Attendant (EMA)?
Airway care and suctioning.
p.36
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the diploma awarded upon completion of the PCP program?
Diploma in 'Paramedic Studies'.
p.35
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is important for an EMA to do when dealing with spine and extremity injuries?
Stabilization of spine and extremity injuries.
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What type of emergency care can paramedics administer?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), oxygen, bandaging, and splinting.
How has prehospital medicine evolved over time?
From Napoleonic times through the First and Second World Wars, and the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
p.41
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What are special teams in paramedicine?
Teams of paramedics with specialized training.
p.43
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the highest rank in the paramedic rank structure?
Chief Paramedic or Director of Paramedicine.
p.43
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What rank typically oversees paramedic operations and personnel?
Operations Supervisor or Manager.
p.43
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the entry-level rank for paramedics?
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) or Basic Paramedic.
p.32
Development of Paramedicine
What is the focus of the System of Quality and Development?
To ensure ongoing training and quality improvement.
p.21
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What financial assistance does the ministry provide to municipalities and delivery agents?
A cost-sharing grant to fund one-half of the approved cost of land ambulance service.
p.33
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What are the various levels of EMT in the United States?
EMT, EMT-A, EMT-B, EMT-P.
In which book of the Bible is the Parable of the Good Samaritan found?
Luke, specifically Luke 10:29–37.
p.48
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What are the possible configurations for the connection between the cab and patient module in a Type III ambulance?
It can be completely passthrough or have a window.
p.19
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Who completed the Swimmer Report in 1991?
Mr. Eugene Swimmer, a professor at Carleton University.
p.56
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What is one of the roles of Ornge regarding interfacility patients?
Repatriation of interfacility patients.
p.17
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What skills are emphasized in AEMCA training?
Advanced assessment and treatment skills for emergency situations.
p.54
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What types of transfers does Ornge authorize?
Air and land ambulance transfers between hospitals.
p.50
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What type of vehicle is used by tactical paramedics in Ottawa?
Tactical Paramedic vehicle.
p.50
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the function of the Mass Casualty Vehicle in Middlesex-London?
To manage and respond to mass casualty incidents.
p.27
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How many certified land ambulance operators are there in Ontario?
53 certified land ambulance operators.
p.37
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What types of training does the ACP program include?
In-class didactic training, in-hospital clinical training, and preceptorship practicum.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the role of an Emergency Medical Responder?
To be the first person on the scene with medical training.
p.30
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What comes after Basic First Aid in the training levels?
Emergency Medical Responder.
p.35
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What type of injuries does an EMA provide care for?
Medical and trauma injuries.
p.9
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What component of EMS focuses on educating the public about emergency services?
Public Information & Education.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the purpose of the Ambulance Act?
To regulate ambulance services and ensure their proper operation.
p.46
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the connection between the cab and patient module in a Type I ambulance?
A small pass-through that looks like a window.
p.31
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What are the National Occupational Competency Profiles (NOCP)?
They are standards for accreditation assessments of paramedic programs.
p.49
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is required to operate Emergency Response Vehicles?
Additional training and licensing.
p.65
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does AEMCA stand for?
Alberta Emergency Medical Care Act.
p.69
Future Trends in Paramedicine
Which types of organizations typically play a role in future planning?
Government agencies, non-profits, and private sector companies.
p.24
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Who certifies and delegates authority to paramedics for controlled medical acts?
The medical director of each base hospital program.
p.45
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What are modern emergency vehicles primarily used for?
To respond to emergencies and provide medical assistance.
p.24
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What type of activities do base hospital physicians participate in for paramedics?
Continuing medical quality assurance and patient care competency maintenance activities.
p.57
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
Who staffs the Central Ambulance Communication Centers?
Ambulance Communications Officers (ACO’s).
p.8
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What roles do logistical staff play in EMS?
They support the paramedic service, including schedulers, mechanics, and finance.
p.23
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What is one of the responsibilities of the Emergency Health Services Branch?
Development of provincial patient care.
p.1
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What role do paramedics play in the healthcare system?
They serve as a critical link between patients and the healthcare system, often providing life-saving interventions.
p.16
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What does AEMCA stand for?
Advanced Emergency Medical Care Assistant.
What periods significantly changed the practice of medicine?
The Renaissance period and the industrial revolution.
p.52
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What agreements support the air ambulance program in Ontario?
Contracts with Critical Care Transport, Preferred Providers, private air carriers, and commercial airlines.
When is the earliest known example of a physician from?
2700 BCE in ancient Egypt.
p.27
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How many regional land ambulance base hospitals are there in Ontario?
7 regional land ambulance base hospitals.
p.27
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How many requests for emergency medical service were there in Ontario in 2012?
Over 1.9 million requests.
p.6
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What skills are often most useful for paramedics in their work?
Compassion and communication skills.
p.62
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What are the primary goals of a Paramedic's practice?
Conserve life, alleviate pain and suffering, and promote health.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Medications
What are the routes of administration for Diazepam in advanced CBRNE?
Intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV).
What was Toronto known for in the 1800s regarding ambulance services?
Leading the way with the newest ambulance equipment.
p.25
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What characteristics does the review program combine?
Accreditation process, inspection, and compliance review.
p.41
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What types of areas might require special teams for paramedics?
Air Force bases, refineries, mining/logging operations, high tourism areas, and remote locations.
p.31
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
Who developed the National Occupational Competency Profiles?
The Paramedic Association of Canada.
p.26
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Who is currently in charge of ambulance service operations?
Upper Tier Municipalities (UTM).
p.26
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What significant change occurred in 2000 regarding ambulance service operations?
Primary responsibility shifted from MOHLTC Emergency Health Services Branch to Upper Tier Municipalities.
What did Hippocrates describe in his books?
Many diseases and their treatment after detailed observation.
p.1
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is a key component of patient care in Paramedicine?
Assessment and management of medical emergencies.
p.23
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
Where is the head office for provincial Emergency Health Services operations located?
5700 Yonge St., Toronto (6th floor).
p.1
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the importance of patient care theory in Paramedicine?
It provides the foundational knowledge and skills necessary for effective patient assessment and treatment.
p.56
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How does Ornge address non-urgent transport needs?
Based on geographic and population needs.
p.20
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
How many Primary Care Paramedics (PCPs) were involved in the OPALS study?
Over 200 PCPs were trained to Advanced Care Paramedic (ACP) status.
p.19
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What action did the province take regarding ambulance services after the Swimmer Report?
The province began to divest itself of running ambulance services.
p.53
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
Why is Ontario's air ambulance system regarded as complex?
Due to its large size and diverse geography.
p.40
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the purpose of the Critical Care Paramedics' scope of practice?
To maintain a high level of treatment from Intensive Care Sending Facilities during out-of-hospital transport.
p.37
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is required annually for ACPs to maintain their qualifications?
Completion of mandatory and elective continuing medical education courses.
p.15
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What was a significant issue with the Kingston paramedic program?
Enabling legislation was never passed, preventing graduates from practicing.
p.35
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the extent of equipment use for an EMA?
Use of a limited amount of equipment.
p.36
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How can you recognize a Primary Care Paramedic?
By the one stripe on their shoulder epaulettes.
p.46
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
Why are Type I ambulances used by the Canadian Military?
Due to the ruggedness of the chassis.
p.25
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What does the ministry conduct for air and land ambulance services?
Regular quality assurance reviews.
p.63
Medical Directives and Oversight
What do Medical Directives consist of?
A set of written policies and procedures.
p.66
Medical Directives and Oversight
What is the role of a physician in an EMS system?
Responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects.
p.69
Future Trends in Paramedicine
What is the significance of groups involved in shaping our future?
They influence decision-making, policy development, and societal progress.
p.54
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What type of organization is Ornge?
A stand-alone, non-profit organization.
p.48
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
How is the cab designed in a Type III ambulance?
The cab is an integral part of the ambulance unit.
p.57
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What types of requests do CACCs process?
9-1-1 emergency and non-emergency requests for ambulance service.
p.54
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What enables on-board aircraft medical care in Ornge?
Round-the-clock teams of flight paramedics with specialized training.
p.22
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
Who is responsible for the delivery of air ambulance services in Ontario?
The MOHLTC (Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care).
p.54
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
How do flight paramedics communicate with doctors on the ground?
Through a multi-system communication network.
p.20
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What was the focus of the Economic Evaluation study initiated by the MOHLTC?
To assess the effectiveness of Advanced Life Support (ALS).
p.53
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
How does Ontario's size compare to Spain and France?
Ontario is larger than both Spain and France.
p.56
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What type of transportation does Ornge provide related to organ transplant?
Transportation related to organ transplant.
p.50
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the role of the Special Response Unit in York Region?
To handle specialized emergency situations.
p.35
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What life-saving procedure must an EMA be trained to perform?
CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).
p.15
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What program replaced the Kingston paramedic training in 1974?
The Ambulance and Emergency Care Program at Humber College.
p.62
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What must every Paramedic maintain?
Certification with their respective ambulance services and governing base hospitals.
p.35
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What device can an EMA use for defibrillation?
Semi-Automatic External Defibrillator.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the Highway Traffic Act regulate?
Traffic laws and regulations on highways.
p.46
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
How does the driver compartment of a Type I ambulance resemble?
It resembles a pickup truck.
p.47
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What type of drive do Type II ambulances typically have?
They are normally 2-wheel or all-wheel drive.
p.14
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What training initiative was being implemented?
Training starting from the Ministry in conjunction with the colleges.
p.25
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Under which act are the certification criteria for service operators established?
The Ambulance Act and Regulations.
p.68
Future Trends in Paramedicine
What is a key future trend in paramedicine regarding health services?
Integration of health services into more mainstream health care for those at home.
p.66
Medical Directives and Oversight
What is On-line Medical Control?
Communication via radio or telephone.
p.68
Future Trends in Paramedicine
What is a significant human resources need in the future of paramedicine?
More people and more vehicles.
p.69
Future Trends in Paramedicine
What role do educational institutions have in shaping the future?
They prepare the next generation of leaders and professionals.
p.10
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the Ontario Ambulance System?
A coordinated system providing emergency medical services across Ontario.
What is one of the earliest examples of prehospital medicine?
The Parable of the Good Samaritan.
p.21
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is commonly referred to as 'The Download'?
The process of transferring responsibility for land ambulance services to municipalities and delivery agents.
p.48
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What type of drive do Type III ambulances typically have?
They are normally 2-wheel or all-wheel drive.
p.8
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
How is the term EMS often used?
Interchangeably with paramedic.
p.22
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the MOHLTC monitor regarding land ambulance services?
Compliance with standards for the delivery of land ambulance services.
p.20
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
In how many target cities was the OPALS study conducted?
20 target cities across the province.
p.40
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
How does the scope of practice of a Critical Care Flight Paramedic (CCFP) compare to that of an Advanced Care Paramedic?
The CCFP has a greatly expanded scope of practice over the Advanced Care Paramedic.
p.50
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What type of vehicle is used for remote access in Renfrew County?
Remote access side by side.
p.6
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What does 'Jack of all trades, master of none' imply about paramedics?
It implies that paramedics have a broad range of skills but may not specialize deeply in one area.
p.37
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What must ACP learners demonstrate during their preceptorship practicum?
Competence to multiple preceptors.
What is contested about the healed femur bone anecdote?
The interpretation of it as evidence of early medical care is hotly contested.
p.62
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What qualities are essential for the practice of Paramedicine?
Knowledge, compassion, concern, and sensitivity for the well-being of the patient.
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How do paramedics transport patients?
By air, land, or water to hospitals or other medical facilities.
p.49
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What are Emergency Response Vehicles used for?
First response, community paramedicine, tactical operations, and mass casualty incidents.
p.25
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the basis for determining if a service operator meets certification criteria?
The peer-oriented review program.
p.49
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the purpose of Emergency Response Units (ERU)?
To provide specialized response capabilities in emergencies.
p.67
Medical Directives and Oversight
How is the care rendered by a Paramedic related to the Medical Director?
It is an extension of the Medical Director’s authority.
p.58
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What are the responsibilities of the dispatcher in ambulance services?
Movement of ambulances, providing call details, assisting crews, and monitoring paramedic operations.
p.24
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the responsibility of base hospital medical directors?
To monitor the quality of care provided by paramedics.
p.17
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What does AEMCA stand for?
Advanced Emergency Medical Care Assistant.
p.10
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the primary function of the Ontario Ambulance System?
To respond to medical emergencies and provide pre-hospital care.
p.17
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the primary focus of AEMCA training?
To provide advanced emergency medical care.
p.33
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What change occurred in the title of ambulance personnel after Mike Harris's election?
The title changed from Ambulance Attendant to PARAMEDIC.
p.19
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
How did the government respond to the recommendations of the Swimmer Report?
The recommendations were ignored as 'too expensive'.
p.1
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is one of the main goals of patient care in Paramedicine?
To stabilize patients and prepare them for transport to medical facilities.
p.56
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What is the role of the Provincial Transfer Authorization Centre (PTAC) in Ornge?
Authorization in support of public health objectives.
p.27
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How many Central Ambulance Communication Centres (CACC) are there in Ontario?
19 CACC + 3 service operated (ACS).
p.6
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How many times might a paramedic experience a situation compared to a patient?
A paramedic might experience it hundreds of times, while a patient might only experience it once.
p.6
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What types of calls must paramedics respond to?
Emergency and non-emergency calls.
p.36
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What must a paramedic complete after finishing the college program?
A provincial examination known as the Paramedic exam or A-EMCA exam.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What life-saving technique is performed in emergencies?
CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What documentation do paramedics need to complete?
Documenting and recording the nature of injuries and treatment provided.
p.68
Future Trends in Paramedicine
What is a hopeful development for the paramedicine profession?
The establishment of a College to guide, administrate, and lobby for the profession.
p.69
Future Trends in Paramedicine
Why is collaboration among different groups important for the future?
It fosters innovation and comprehensive solutions to complex issues.
p.45
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What types of vehicles are commonly used in modern emergency services?
Ambulances, fire trucks, and rescue vehicles.
p.8
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What are some components included in EMS?
Dispatch centers, paramedics, logistical staff, and other support staff.
p.16
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What change occurred in the title of the credential after 1997?
The title changed from EMCA to AEMCA.
p.17
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Is AEMCA certification recognized in all regions?
Recognition may vary by region and regulatory body.
p.13
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What program was introduced as a pilot course for ambulance training in Ontario?
The Fundamentals of Casualty Care Program (FCC).
What was the primary method of providing medical care in prehistoric times?
Sending a provider to the injured or sick patient.
p.23
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How are local emergency services communication operations coordinated?
Through local EHS field offices.
Why is the healed femur bone anecdote considered significant?
It is considered one of the first signs of civilization and medical care.
p.6
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What responsibility do paramedics have towards the health care system?
They have a responsibility to the system and the people they serve.
p.15
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What type of training does the Humber College program provide?
Theoretical, practical, clinical, and field training.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What types of lines can a Critical Care Paramedic maintain and monitor?
Central venous and arterial lines.
p.62
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What should Paramedics avoid in their professional practice?
Using their knowledge, skills, equipment, or pharmaceuticals in ways detrimental to the profession or public well-being.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the Midwifery Act regulate?
The practice and regulation of midwifery services.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the focus of the Substitute Decisions Act?
To provide a framework for making decisions on behalf of individuals who are unable to do so.
p.61
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is a critical requirement for paramedics in terms of work style?
The ability to work independently.
p.1
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the primary focus of Paramedicine?
To provide emergency medical care and support to patients in pre-hospital settings.
p.10
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Who oversees the Ontario Ambulance System?
The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
What is the Hippocratic oath?
An oath taken by some physicians upon graduation, emphasizing 'First do no harm'.
p.10
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What types of services are included in the Ontario Ambulance System?
Emergency response, patient transport, and medical oversight.
p.50
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the purpose of Emergency Response Vehicles (ERV)?
To provide rapid medical assistance in emergencies.
p.22
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
Where can publications related to ambulance service standards be found?
On the MOHLTC website at https://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/emergency_health/default.aspx.
p.37
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the minimum experience required for an Advanced Care Paramedic (ACP) to qualify for academic training?
A minimum of 2 years of experience in the paramedic field.
p.6
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What does the phrase 'From womb to tomb' signify in paramedicine?
It signifies the comprehensive care provided throughout a person's life.
What does the healed femur bone anecdote by Margaret Mead suggest?
It suggests that the wounded person received help from others, indicating early medical care.
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is one of the primary roles of paramedics in assessing patients?
To assess the extent of injuries or illness of trauma victims and other ill or injured individuals.
p.27
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How many transports resulted from the requests for land ambulance service in 2012?
Approximately 900,000 transports.
p.36
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is required annually for PCPs to maintain their qualifications?
Completion of continuing medical education courses.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Medications
What is Amyl Nitrite used for in advanced CBRNE tactical medications?
It is administered via inhalation (INH).
p.30
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is a Flight Paramedic?
A paramedic who may have a combination of Primary Care, Advanced Care, and Critical Care training with additional flight training.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What procedure can a Critical Care Paramedic perform related to heart rhythm?
Provide electrical cardioversion and pacing.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the focus of the Health Care Consent Act?
To ensure that individuals have the right to make informed decisions about their health care.
p.62
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How should Paramedics conduct themselves during their duties?
In a manner that reflects credit upon the profession.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the purpose of the Municipal Health Act?
To address public health issues at the municipal level.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act cover?
It provides insurance and safety regulations for workers injured on the job.
p.59
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
How does a CACC enhance emergency response?
By providing real-time communication and resource allocation.
p.61
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is one key aspect of a paramedic's professional appearance?
Maintains a professional appearance.
p.16
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What did the scope of practice for paramedics in Ontario not include prior to 1997?
Symptom relief medications and semi-automatic external defibrillation.
p.17
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
Who typically undergoes AEMCA training?
Individuals seeking to become advanced emergency medical responders.
p.16
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What certificate was issued to graduates of approved ambulance and emergency care programs before 1997?
EMCA (Emergency Medical Care Assistant) certificate.
p.13
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What significant regulation was established in 1967 regarding ambulances in Ontario?
The 1st Ambulance Act was developed, leading to ambulance service licensing and certification.
p.56
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What type of support does Ornge provide for healthcare in remote communities?
Through new and innovative approaches.
p.23
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What type of education and training does the Emergency Health Services Branch provide?
Paramedic and ambulance dispatcher education and training.
p.23
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What certification does the Emergency Health Services Branch oversee?
Paramedic and land ambulance operator certification.
p.22
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What role does the MOHLTC play in the broader health care system?
It supports land ambulances and ambulance communications services.
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
Who do paramedics liaise with to ensure proper treatment is administered?
Ambulance dispatch centres, base hospital staff, police, fire, and family members.
p.6
Development of Paramedicine
How has modern paramedicine evolved from traditional practices?
It is no longer just scoop and run medicine; paramedics are integrated members of the health care system.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is essential for managing spinal injuries?
Stabilization of spine & extremity injuries.
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How do paramedics assist hospital personnel?
By providing assistance with the provision of medical treatment, if necessary.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How do Emergency Medical Responders assist other professionals?
By providing support to other EMS professionals.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the Mental Health Act address?
It provides guidelines for the treatment and rights of individuals with mental health issues.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Procedures
What is the purpose of SCBA certification in tactical operations?
To ensure safety when using self-contained breathing apparatus.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the purpose of the Public Health Information Privacy Act?
To protect the privacy of individuals' health information.
What happens to the man in the Parable of the Good Samaritan?
He is attacked by robbers who strip and beat him.
p.45
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
How do modern emergency vehicles ensure quick response times?
By using sirens and lights to navigate through traffic.
p.52
Air Ambulance Services in Ontario
What types of aircraft are used in Ontario's air ambulance program?
Both rotary and fixed wing aircraft.
How has the path of medicine varied throughout history?
It varies from region to region and with different cultures.
p.40
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the main function of an Advanced Care Flight Paramedic (ACFP)?
To provide Advanced Life Support treatment modalities to patients in areas lacking access to acute medical care.
Who provided care to prehistoric humans?
Healers, shamans, and family members based on acquired knowledge.
p.23
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
What areas does the province break down into for managing emergency services?
Smaller regional field areas.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What type of care involves managing a patient's airway?
Airway care & suctioning.
p.27
Emergency Health Services Branch Operations
How many patients were transported by land ambulance in Ontario in 2012?
More than 1.1 million patients.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Medications
How is Atropine administered in advanced CBRNE tactical situations?
It can be given intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV).
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Medications
What is Hydroxocobalamin used for in advanced CBRNE?
It is administered intravenously (IV).
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the purpose of the Labour Relations Act?
To govern the relationship between employers and employees, including collective bargaining.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Procedures
What is a High Risk Transfer Unit used for?
To safely transfer patients in high-risk situations.
p.59
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What does CACC stand for?
Central Ambulance Communication Centre.
p.61
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What skills are important for problem-solving in paramedicine?
Leadership and good judgment.
p.20
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What prompted the MOHLTC to study the effectiveness of ALS?
Greater pressure from the public and the medical community to improve training for Ambulance Attendants.
p.10
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
How is the Ontario Ambulance System funded?
Primarily through provincial government funding.
p.45
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What role do communication systems play in modern emergency vehicles?
They facilitate coordination with dispatch and other emergency services.
What does the Samaritan do for the injured man?
He cares for him and takes him to an inn, paying for his care.
p.16
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What does the AEMCA credential recognize?
The inclusion of symptom relief and defibrillation in training programs and certification exams.
p.16
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What does Advanced Life Support (ALS) refer to?
The performance of a controlled act as defined by the Regulated Health Professions Act.
p.40
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
How can you recognize a Critical Care Paramedic (CCP)?
By the three stripes on their shoulder epaulettes.
p.9
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What component of EMS is concerned with the training and development of personnel?
Human Resources & Training.
p.36
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What subjects are emphasized in the PCP program?
Anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and mechanisms involved in acute injury and illness.
p.37
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How can Advanced Care Paramedics be recognized?
By the two stripes on their shoulder epaulettes.
p.35
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
How does an EMA assist other EMS professionals?
By providing support in various emergency situations.
p.38
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the qualification level of a Critical Care Paramedic (CCP)?
They are qualified as an advanced care paramedic.
p.15
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
What is the significance of the Humber College program in paramedic education?
It provides the standard for entry-level training into the field.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Medications
What is the purpose of Pralidoxime / Obidoxime in advanced CBRNE?
It is administered intramuscularly (IM).
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is the focus of the Child and Family Services Act?
To protect children and support families in need.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the Occupational Health and Safety Act ensure?
The safety and health of workers in the workplace.
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is involved in establishing intravenous treatment (IV) by paramedics?
Applying adjunctive equipment for ventilation and circulation complications, administering medications, and providing other emergency treatment.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What type of injuries do Emergency Medical Responders care for?
Medical and trauma injuries.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What emergency procedure can a Critical Care Paramedic initiate for chest trauma?
Needle thoracostomies and cricothyroidotomies.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Procedures
What does TECC stand for?
Tactical Emergency Casualty Care.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What equipment can a Critical Care Paramedic set up and use for medication delivery?
Intravenous infusion pumps.
p.59
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What is the primary function of a CACC?
To coordinate and dispatch ambulance services.
p.61
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What personal qualities are essential for a paramedic?
Calm temperament, superb observational skills, and high physical fitness.
p.62
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What principle must Paramedics respect when providing care?
Human dignity, regardless of nationality, race, creed, colour, status, sex, religion, sexual orientation, type of illness, or disability.
p.60
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What responsibilities do paramedics have regarding their equipment?
To maintain ambulances and emergency care equipment and supplies.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Procedures
What type of dressing is used for advanced CBRNE tactical procedures?
Olaes Modular Pressure Dressing.
p.29
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What does the Employment Standards Act address?
It sets out minimum employment standards for workers.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is one of the airway management procedures a Critical Care Paramedic can initiate?
Gastric intubation and suction.
p.62
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What should Paramedics encourage to gain public trust?
High standards of professional practice, conduct, competence, and appearance.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What can a Critical Care Paramedic administer related to blood?
Blood and blood products.
p.61
Training and Certification Levels for Paramedics
How do paramedics maintain their knowledge and skills?
Through continuing medical education (CME) and refresher courses.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What is the limitation on equipment use for Emergency Medical Responders?
Use of a limited amount of equipment.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Procedures
What does TCCC stand for?
Tactical Combat Casualty Care.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Procedures
What is the use of Hemostatic Z-Fold Wound Packing Gauze?
To promote rapid clotting and control bleeding.
p.62
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What must Paramedics protect regarding their patients?
The patient's safety, dignity, and privacy.
p.34
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What additional skills can Emergency Medical Responders perform?
Other skills as permitted by local medical authorities.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What type of medical test results can a Critical Care Paramedic interpret?
Medical laboratory test results.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What monitoring devices can a Critical Care Paramedic use?
Doppler flow monitors, carbon dioxide and oximetry monitors.
p.62
Regulation and Policy in Paramedicine
What is required of Paramedics concerning patient confidentiality?
They must preserve and protect confidentiality, disclosing information only when necessary for treatment or required by law.
p.42
Advanced CBRNE / Tactical Procedures
What is the function of a Combat Application Tourniquet?
To control severe bleeding in tactical situations.
p.59
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
Who typically operates within a CACC?
Emergency medical dispatchers and communication personnel.
p.38
Roles and Responsibilities of Paramedics
What can a Critical Care Paramedic set and maintain related to respiratory support?
Ventilator parameters and mechanical ventilators.
p.59
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Components
What type of information do CACCs manage?
Patient information, location data, and resource availability.
