p.74
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How does the stiffness of titanium brackets compare to stainless steel brackets?
Titanium brackets have half the stiffness of stainless steel brackets.
p.54
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a potential drawback of coated arch wires?
Their aesthetic coating is at risk over time.
p.53
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How do the physical properties of Clear Polymer Arch Wires compare to metal arch wires?
They may equal or exceed those of metal arch wires.
p.60
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What types of appliances can bands be used with?
Fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
p.84
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the purpose of linked screws in palatal anchorage?
Linked screws are used in pairs to provide greater resistance to forces.
p.74
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a benefit of the lower stiffness of titanium brackets?
Better bond reliability and less bracket breakage.
p.54
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are coated arch wires?
Arch wires coated with white- or tooth-colored materials for aesthetic purposes.
p.62
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
How do bonded attachments work mechanically?
They create mechanical locks in the base of the orthodontic attachment.
p.54
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why are coated arch wires considered esthetic?
Because they blend in with the natural color of teeth.
p.52
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the role of preformed arch wires in modern edgewise appliances?
They are an important part that increases efficiency.
p.52
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What customization may be needed when using heavy arch wires?
Some form of customization by the orthodontist.
p.103
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is crowding in orthodontics?
The amount of space needed to align teeth.
p.84
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is direct anchorage in the context of bone screws?
Direct anchorage refers to bone screws being directly attached to the tooth/teeth you want to move.
p.95
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the three main classifications in molar classification?
Class I, Class II, and Class III.
What is a limitation of the current technology in orthodontics?
Still improvements are needed, as orthodontics is multifactorial.
p.46
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the role of brackets in the Straight Wire Concept?
Brackets are designed to hold the archwire in place and apply forces to the teeth.
p.85
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What types of anchorage can mini-plates provide?
Direct or indirect anchorage.
p.100
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the potential consequences of untreated posterior crossbites?
They can lead to uneven wear of teeth, jaw pain, and changes in facial aesthetics.
p.50
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the significance of arch form in treatment planning?
It helps in customizing the orthodontic treatment for individual patients.
p.63
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What factors influence the success of bonded attachments?
Attachment base, tooth surface and its preparation, and bonding material.
p.32
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is essential to monitor during Clear Aligner Therapy?
Tooth movements with a recall schedule.
p.33
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What can clear aligners be used for if no attachments are present?
They can be used as a bleaching tray.
p.40
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the significance of the 1928 edgewise appliance in orthodontics?
It has developed tremendously since the 1960 Begg appliance's popularity.
p.102
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is crowding in orthodontics?
The amount of space needed to align teeth.
What is the main advantage of individually customized brackets in orthodontics?
They eliminate bending completely (theoretically).
How are individually customized brackets created?
Through 3D scanning and CBCT (if available).
p.90
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What type of radiograph is used for orthodontic diagnosis?
Cephalometric Radiograph.
p.105
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
Can overjet be positive or negative?
Yes, it can be either positive or negative.
p.90
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the types of soft tissue profiles in orthodontics?
Straight, convex, and concave.
p.50
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are arch wires used for in fixed appliances?
They are used to connect brackets and apply force to move teeth.
p.50
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What materials are commonly used for arch wires?
Stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium.
p.26
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is happening now that Align's patents are expiring?
Many other companies are creating their own aligners.
p.60
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are bands used for in orthodontics?
They are used for attachments, fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
p.42
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are fixed appliances in orthodontics?
Devices that are bonded to the teeth and cannot be removed by the patient.
p.42
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary purpose of fixed appliances?
To correct dental misalignments and improve occlusion.
p.56
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How were bands for attachments fitted?
Each had to be custom fitted.
p.43
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the Straight Wire Concept?
A method in orthodontics that uses brackets and tubes designed to align teeth in a straight line.
p.77
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are lingual fixed appliances?
Orthodontic devices placed on the inner surface of teeth.
p.77
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a common challenge associated with lingual fixed appliances?
They can be more difficult to clean than traditional braces.
p.66
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is a key characteristic of the bonding material for it to be effective?
It must have fluidity to penetrate the prepared enamel surface.
p.62
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What are bonded attachments in orthodontics?
They are mechanical devices that adhere to the enamel surface of the tooth.
p.62
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What was the routine for bonded attachments established in the 1980s?
It involved using adhesive to bond attachments to irregularities in the enamel surface.
p.59
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are some indications for using bands?
They are used for fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
p.67
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What are the advantages of light activated composite resin?
More working time and higher bond strengths.
p.77
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How do lingual fixed appliances affect speech?
They may initially cause some speech difficulties.
p.81
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What are the two types of Temporary Anchorage Devices?
Bone screws and mini-plates.
p.66
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is an important requirement for the strength of bonding materials?
It must have excellent strength.
p.65
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is the purpose of cleansing and drying the tooth surface before bonding?
To ensure proper adhesion by removing contaminants.
p.55
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary purpose of attachments in fixed appliances?
To enhance the effectiveness of the orthodontic treatment by providing additional anchorage or control.
p.42
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What role do archwires play in fixed appliances?
They connect the brackets and apply pressure to move the teeth.
p.50
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the purpose of arch form in orthodontics?
To determine the shape and alignment of the dental arch.
p.58
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are bands used for in orthodontics?
To provide attachments for various appliances.
p.97
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is overbite?
A vertical overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower front teeth.
p.11
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
How are screws or springs used in arch expansion?
They are embedded in the acrylic baseplate.
p.30
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What should clinicians do in the first Rx for Clear Aligner Therapy?
Be as specific as possible and alter the ClinCheck as needed.
p.81
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What is a bone screw used for in orthodontics?
To provide temporary anchorage.
p.81
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What is the function of mini-plates in orthodontics?
To serve as a stable anchorage point.
What are the advantages of elastomeric modules?
They are easy to place and remove.
p.16
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What are the common actions performed by removable appliances?
They can move teeth, maintain space, or modify jaw growth.
p.17
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the purpose of arch expansion in orthodontics?
To widen the dental arch and create space for teeth alignment.
p.23
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the primary reason fixed functional appliances are preferred?
Due to their mandatory nature.
p.17
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
How does a palatal expander work?
It applies gentle pressure to the teeth and bone to gradually widen the arch.
p.74
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a key advantage of titanium brackets over stainless steel?
They avoid allergic reactions to the 8% nickel content in stainless steel.
p.60
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What should you do if you need to remove a baby tooth?
Refer to the orthodontist or pediatrician if it's before natural exfoliation or if there's a detrimental habit.
p.103
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
How is the amount of space needed to align teeth determined?
It is equal to the amount of crowding.
p.85
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How is the mini-plate contoured?
It is contoured to the bone where it is attached.
p.55
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Can attachments be customized for individual patients?
Yes, attachments can be customized based on the specific treatment plan and tooth movement required.
p.100
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What can cause a posterior crossbite?
It can be caused by skeletal discrepancies, dental misalignments, or habits such as thumb sucking.
p.85
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Who typically places mini-plates?
Surgeons, not orthodontists.
p.56
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What innovation in the 1960s changed the use of bands?
Preformed steel bands were created.
p.43
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary advantage of the Straight Wire Concept?
It simplifies the orthodontic treatment process by reducing the need for adjustments.
p.77
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary advantage of lingual fixed appliances?
They are less visible compared to traditional braces.
p.32
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What factors influence the recall schedule in Clear Aligner Therapy?
Clinician dependent and case dependent.
p.33
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
When is it best to use clear aligners for whitening?
After the orthodontic treatment.
p.12
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
Is arch expansion suitable for palatal expansion?
Yes, it is OK for palatal expansion.
p.15
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the purpose of removable appliances in orthodontics?
To reposition individual teeth.
p.38
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary advantage of Edgewise appliances?
They allow for precise control of tooth movement.
p.9
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
How can removable appliances benefit social situations?
They can be removed socially.
p.41
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What was a significant change in the design of the Contemporary Edgewise?
Reducing auxiliary ties and gadgets.
p.14
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What are common actions performed by removable appliances?
They can move teeth, maintain space, or modify jaw growth.
p.19
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the primary function of functional appliances?
To alter the position of the mandible.
p.69
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What type of appliance can direct bonding be used for?
Full fixed appliance delivery.
p.64
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What must be stronger than the interlocking with the tooth for effective bonded attachments?
Mechanical interlocking with the adhesive.
p.74
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a disadvantage of titanium brackets?
They have a rougher surface, which adds difficulty to space closure.
p.95
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is the significance of scanning in molar classification?
It aids in the classification process.
p.101
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
Why is the upper dental midline considered a good reference point?
It serves as a reliable reference for assessing the position of the lower dental midline.
p.101
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What should be noted about the lower dental midline?
It can be coincident with the upper dental midline or deviated to the right or left.
p.101
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
How can the lower dental midline deviate in relation to the upper dental midline?
It can be deviated to the right or left, measured in millimeters.
p.46
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the Straight Wire Concept in orthodontics?
A method that uses pre-adjusted brackets to simplify the treatment process.
p.55
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How do attachments affect the movement of teeth?
They provide specific points of force application, allowing for more precise tooth movement.
p.42
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the significance of ligatures in fixed appliances?
They secure the archwire to the brackets.
p.50
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How do arch wires affect tooth movement?
They provide the necessary force to guide teeth into their desired positions.
p.58
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a common application of bands in orthodontics?
They are used with fixed appliances.
p.59
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Can bands be used for multiple types of appliances?
Yes, they are used for fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
p.13
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
How do springs affect the movement of teeth?
They touch only at one point on the tooth surface, producing tipping rather than movement of the entire tooth.
p.13
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
When should springs be used in orthodontics?
When a few millimeters of tipping is needed for minor tooth movement.
p.32
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
Are all tooth movements effectively managed with Clear Aligner Therapy?
No, not all movements are done well with CAT.
p.70
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is the advantage of using an office laboratory for bracket placement?
It allows for the fabrication of transfer trays using stone casts and facilitates direct collaboration with the orthodontist.
p.40
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why is the contemporary edgewise appliance preferred over the Begg appliance?
It is now more efficient than the Begg appliance, leading to its almost universal use.
p.65
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What factors influence the success of bonded attachments?
Tooth surface and its preparation, removal of the enamel pellicle, and creating irregularities in the enamel surface.
p.31
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What materials and technology are used to create in-office aligners?
Records, scans, software (like uLab), 3D printing, and in-office essix material.
p.88
Types of Orthodontic Appliances
What are contemporary orthodontic appliances used for?
To correct dental and jaw alignment issues.
p.57
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
In modern orthodontics, how are anterior and premolar teeth typically treated?
They are bonded preferably.
p.102
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
How is the amount of space needed to align teeth determined?
It is equal to the amount of crowding.
p.101
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the two types of dental midlines mentioned?
Upper dental midline and lower dental midline.
p.55
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are attachments in fixed appliances?
Attachments are components bonded to teeth to facilitate the movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment.
p.85
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary function of the mini-plate in orthodontics?
To provide anchorage for orthodontic treatment.
p.85
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What factors influence the success of mini-plates?
Stability, number of screws in the plate, age of the patient, and bone maturity.
p.59
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are bands used for in orthodontics?
They are used for attachments in various appliances.
p.43
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What components are typically involved in the Straight Wire Concept?
Brackets and tubes that are specifically designed for wire placement.
p.6
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What type of appliances are included in Removable Appliances Therapy?
Active Aligners with springs, Functional appliances, and Clear aligner therapy.
What is the primary function of the wire in bracket and tube design?
The wire is tied into the bracket to apply force for tooth movement.
p.11
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
How are the screws in an arch expansion appliance activated?
With a key that separates the baseplate.
p.3
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the best approach to selecting orthodontic appliances?
To select the best type of appliance that fits the individual patient's needs.
p.12
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What happens if the activating screw is turned too rapidly?
The appliance may be displaced from the teeth.
p.38
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
How did Angle contribute to orthodontic treatment?
He developed a systematic approach to diagnosing and treating malocclusions.
p.10
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What are the two categories of tooth movement with active removable appliances?
Arch expansion and repositioning of individual teeth.
p.106
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What advantage does scanning provide in a clinical setting?
It provides a great clinical picture.
p.102
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What does TSALD stand for?
Tooth size arch length discrepancy.
p.53
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the two advantages of Clear Polymer Arch Wires over SS/Titanium?
Better esthetics and almost invisible when used with ceramic brackets.
p.84
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is indirect anchorage using bone screws?
Indirect anchorage involves bone screws not being attached to the teeth you want to move, but stabilizing a group of teeth to prevent their movement while moving other teeth.
p.103
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What does TSALD stand for?
Tooth size arch length discrepancy.
Why is there no truly optimal bracket and prescription for every patient?
Because every patient is different.
p.85
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the role of the connector in a mini-plate?
It penetrates into the oral cavity.
p.105
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What does overjet indicate in orthodontics?
The most protruded or retruded position of the teeth in proximity.
p.58
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What type of forces do bands support?
Heavy intermittent forces like those from headgear.
p.97
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is overjet?
The horizontal distance between the upper and lower incisors.
p.43
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How does the Straight Wire Concept affect tooth movement?
It allows for more predictable and efficient tooth movement.
p.63
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What role does the bonding material play in bonded attachments?
It is crucial for the success of the attachment.
p.86
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is one major advantage of mini-plates in orthodontics?
They are able to withstand more force.
p.86
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How can the direction of force be adjusted with mini-plates?
The direction of force can be changed easily without jeopardizing stability.
p.2
Types of Orthodontic Appliances
What are the two types of appliances used in modern orthodontics?
Removable appliances and fixed appliances.
p.41
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a key feature of the Contemporary Edgewise appliance?
Automatic rotational control.
p.48
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a key difference between self-ligating brackets and traditional brackets?
Self-ligating brackets do not require elastomeric or stainless steel ligatures.
p.14
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
How do removable appliances help in orthodontic treatment?
They provide flexibility in treatment and can be adjusted or replaced as needed.
p.92
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What is lip competency?
The ability of the lips to close properly without strain.
p.5
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What are removable appliances in orthodontics?
Devices that can be taken out by the patient to aid in tooth movement and jaw alignment.
p.51
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Which arch form is considered a guide for stability in orthodontic treatment?
The mandibular arch form.
p.51
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What happens if the mandibular intercanine distance is altered?
It will increase the chances for relapse.
p.44
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What does each bracket in the Straight Wire Concept have?
A prescription for each individual tooth.
p.99
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What can cause an anterior crossbite?
Genetic factors, dental misalignment, or developmental issues.
p.64
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What should happen to the adhesive during the removal of bonded attachments?
The majority of the adhesive should not remain on the tooth.
p.46
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How does the Straight Wire Concept benefit orthodontic treatment?
It reduces the need for additional adjustments during treatment.
p.90
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the two main categories of examination in orthodontics?
Skeletal and soft tissue.
p.100
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
How can posterior crossbites be treated?
Treatment options include orthodontic appliances, dental restorations, or surgery in severe cases.
p.97
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is the significance of dental midlines in orthodontics?
They help assess the alignment of the teeth and jaws.
p.63
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is essential for the preparation of a tooth surface for bonded attachments?
Proper preparation of the tooth surface.
p.77
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What type of orthodontic treatment can lingual fixed appliances provide?
They can correct various dental misalignments and malocclusions.
p.12
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a disadvantage of arch expansion regarding tooth movement?
It is not ideal for moving teeth as it provides strong and intermittent force.
p.70
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
How does virtual space contribute to bracket placement?
It enables precise bracket placement and tray fabrication using 3D printing technology.
p.70
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
Why is indirect bonding preferred for full fixed appliance delivery?
Due to its precise nature and ability to enhance accuracy in bracket placement.
p.82
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What is a major indicator of the success or failure of Temporary Anchorage Devices?
Short and long term stability.
p.57
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a clinical tip for using bands for attachments?
They are also suitable for patients with SSC, hypoplastic enamel, and large restorations.
p.89
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the three types of dentition?
Primary, Mixed (transitional), and Permanent.
p.69
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is direct bonding in orthodontics?
A method where bonded attachments are placed chair-side by the orthodontist.
p.68
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What are bonded attachments used for in orthodontics?
To secure fixed appliances to the teeth.
p.88
Types of Orthodontic Appliances
How do contemporary orthodontic appliances differ from traditional ones?
They often use advanced materials and technology for improved comfort and aesthetics.
p.45
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the Straight Wire Concept primarily used in?
Majority of modern edgewise appliances.
p.5
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is one primary function of removable appliances?
To correct dental and skeletal discrepancies.
p.22
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the function of the CIII functional appliance?
Rotates the mandible downward and back.
p.37
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why is the Edgewise system significant in orthodontics?
It is the mainstay of fixed orthodontic appliances and remains the basis for fixed appliances today.
p.92
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What are the two types of lip competency?
Competent and incompetent.
p.93
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is the purpose of diagnosing Mentalis Strain?
To identify issues related to the mentalis muscle and its function.
p.4
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What are removable appliances?
Orthodontic devices that can be taken out by the patient.
p.92
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What characterizes incompetent lips?
Lips that cannot close properly, often leading to an open mouth posture.
p.5
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a disadvantage of removable appliances?
They require patient compliance for effective treatment.
p.42
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are brackets in the context of fixed appliances?
Small attachments bonded to the teeth that hold the archwire in place.
p.26
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What significant development in Clear Aligner Therapy occurred in the 1990s?
Align Technology computerized the process, leading to the creation of Invisalign.
p.67
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is the most widely used bonding material for bonded attachments?
Light activated composite resin.
p.18
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
Can mandibles be grown using functional appliances?
No, we can’t grow mandibles.
p.43
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the significance of tube design in the Straight Wire Concept?
Tubes provide anchorage and allow for the attachment of auxiliary appliances.
p.12
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a key advantage of arch expansion?
The base plate stays rigid.
p.70
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is indirect bonding in orthodontics?
Laboratory placement of brackets using light-cured adhesive to create a tray for intraoral transfer.
p.38
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is Angle's classification in orthodontics?
A system used to categorize malocclusions based on the relationship of the first molars.
p.31
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is a trend among some clinicians regarding clear aligners?
They are trying to fabricate their own aligners in-office.
p.8
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What did Philip Adams modify to improve removable appliance stability?
The clasps used by Martin Schwarz.
p.65
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What etching agent is commonly used for bonding, and for how long?
37% phosphoric acid for 20-30 seconds.
p.2
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
When should a patient be referred to an orthodontist?
When there are signs of malocclusion or alignment issues.
p.10
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the purpose of arch expansion in active removable appliances?
To widen the dental arch.
p.25
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What was the initial use of clear aligners?
They started as retainers.
p.69
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is a challenge associated with direct bonding?
It can be difficult and time-consuming to place brackets accurately and rapidly.
p.75
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the esthetic options for orthodontic brackets?
Tooth colored or clear brackets.
p.24
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is a functional appliance in orthodontics?
A device used to modify jaw growth and improve dental alignment.
p.93
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What is involved in the clinical examination for Mentalis Strain?
Assessment of the mentalis muscle and surrounding soft tissues.
p.28
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What should you be cautious about when performing interproximal reduction?
You need to know how much you can do without injuring teeth and should place fluoride after; you are removing enamel.
p.93
Soft Tissue Considerations in Orthodontics
What characterizes 'No mentalis strain'?
Absence of tension or dysfunction in the mentalis muscle.
p.35
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the edgewise appliance?
A fixed appliance system developed by Charles Angle for orthodontic treatment.
p.80
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What is the primary purpose of TADs in orthodontics?
To facilitate the movement of teeth without unwanted movement of adjacent teeth.
p.52
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What improvements are needed in arch wires?
Improvements for torque and arch form.
p.100
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is a posterior crossbite?
A dental condition where the upper teeth are positioned inside the lower teeth when biting down.
p.42
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How do fixed appliances differ from removable appliances?
Fixed appliances are permanently attached to the teeth, while removable appliances can be taken out by the patient.
p.97
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What classification is used to categorize molar and canine relationships?
Molar/Canine Classification.
p.43
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the role of brackets in the Straight Wire Concept?
Brackets hold the archwire in place and guide tooth movement.
p.30
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is the clinician's role in Clear Aligner Therapy?
To monitor the ClinCheck and use clinical knowledge for patient decisions.
p.11
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the function of clasps in arch expansion appliances?
To attach the appliance to teeth.
p.72
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the three types of materials used for brackets?
Stainless Steel, Titanium, and Nonmetallic.
p.20
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the primary purpose of functional appliances in orthodontics?
To correct Class II malocclusions.
p.16
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a removable appliance in orthodontics?
A device that can be taken out of the mouth and is used to correct dental issues.
p.2
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is Angle’s classification?
A system for categorizing dental occlusion and malocclusion.
p.88
Types of Orthodontic Appliances
When are contemporary orthodontic appliances typically used?
During orthodontic treatment to achieve desired tooth movement.
p.65
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What does the etching process do to the enamel?
Removes small amounts of interprismatic enamel and opens pores of prisms for adhesive penetration.
p.2
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What are clinical screening procedures in orthodontics?
Methods used to assess dental alignment and occlusion.
p.41
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What advantage did Andrews' prescriptions provide?
They allowed for less wire bends by giving a prescription for each tooth.
What does primary stability refer to?
Short term mechanical retention.
p.27
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What does the doctor do after the ClinCheck is created?
Reviews and modifies/approves the ClinCheck.
p.28
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is interproximal reduction in the context of clear aligner therapy?
It is done PRN to gain space, often used in Invisalign treatment.
p.71
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a key advantage of using ceramic materials in fixed appliances?
They are less visible and more aesthetically pleasing.
p.94
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What are common sounds associated with TMJ disorders?
Clicking, popping, and crepitus.
p.7
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What was the limitation of the Active Aligners in terms of expansion?
They only produced tipping for expansion, with no actual expansion.
p.7
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
Why did Active Aligners have no real traction in the US?
Because the US focused on fixed appliances.
p.55
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What materials are commonly used for attachments in fixed appliances?
Attachments are typically made from materials like composite resin or metal.
p.46
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the significance of the tube design in fixed appliances?
It allows for the secure placement of archwires and facilitates tooth movement.
p.46
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What materials are commonly used in the construction of brackets and tubes?
Stainless steel, ceramic, and plastic.
p.97
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the three planes of space used in 3D diagnosis?
Transverse, Vertical, and Sagittal.
p.73
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the major manufacturing methods for brackets?
Metal injection molding, casting, and 3D printing.
p.67
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What special considerations are there when bonding to crowns and other restorations?
There are special steps and materials used.
p.72
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is essential for the fabrication of brackets and tubes in orthodontic appliances?
Internal slot dimensions must be accurate.
p.30
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What should clinicians avoid when using ClinCheck?
Relying solely on the algorithm.
p.70
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is a key benefit of using off-site laboratories for bracket placement?
They provide more precise results without limitations imposed by the oral cavity.
p.9
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a key advantage of removable appliances?
They can be fabricated extraorally.
p.48
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the contemporary design feature of straight wire brackets?
They include self-ligating brackets.
p.19
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is a functional appliance?
An appliance that changes the posture of the mandible, holding it open or moving it forward.
p.88
Types of Orthodontic Appliances
What is a common type of contemporary orthodontic appliance?
Braces, including metal, ceramic, and lingual options.
p.48
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Do most self-ligating brackets require manual operation?
Yes, most still require manual opening and closing.
p.37
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the E arch in orthodontics?
A system with bands and circumferential wire, where teeth are ligated to the wire, applying heavy intermittent forces for tipping.
p.69
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
When is direct bonding usually more efficient?
For placement or repositioning of a single bracket or a few brackets.
p.44
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the main advantage of using a straight wire in orthodontics?
It allows control of the tooth in three planes of space.
p.39
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the Begg Appliance known for?
It is an adaptation of the ribbon arch for better root control.
p.51
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why is maintaining the original arch form important?
To increase the stability of orthodontic treatment.
p.87
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How are mini-plates used in relation to maxillary teeth?
For intruding maxillary teeth, often using bone screws.
p.71
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why is stainless steel commonly used in fixed appliances?
Due to its strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion.
p.91
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the two main types of facial symmetry?
Symmetric and Asymmetric.
p.76
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why are ceramic brackets considered bulkier?
Due to their material properties.
p.34
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are brackets in the context of fixed appliances?
Small attachments bonded to the teeth that hold the archwire in place.
p.96
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is Class I canine classification?
Normal occlusion where the canine fits into the opposing canine's interdigitation.
p.34
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What materials are commonly used for fixed appliances?
Metal, ceramic, or plastic.
p.67
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
Are chemically activated resins still available for bonding?
Yes, they are still available.
p.6
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the purpose of Functional appliances in Removable Appliances Therapy?
To modify jaw growth and function.
What type of ligature was historically used to tie the wire into the bracket?
Stainless steel (SS) ligature.
p.8
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
Who developed split plate appliances for removable expanders?
Martin Schwarz from Vienna.
p.20
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
How do functional appliances work?
They create pressure through the stretch of muscles or soft tissues, which is transmitted to dental and skeletal structures.
How can the wire in bracket and tube design help in orthodontics?
It can close small spaces or prevent opening between teeth.
p.31
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is the role of software like uLab in clear aligner therapy?
It is used to set up the fabrication process for aligners.
p.9
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a major disadvantage of removable appliances?
Patient compliance is required.
p.16
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
How do removable appliances help in jaw growth modification?
By applying gentle pressure to the teeth and jaws.
p.36
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the main contributions of Charles Angle to orthodontics?
Classifications, diagnosis, and orthodontic appliances.
p.23
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What type of appliances take precedence in orthodontics?
Fixed functional appliances.
p.14
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the primary purpose of using a removable appliance?
To correct malocclusions and align teeth.
p.45
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What does the First Order in the Straight Wire Concept refer to?
In and out/rotational positioning (buccal and lingual).
p.25
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
How many aligners are typically needed in Clear Aligner Therapy?
Multiple aligners are needed.
p.91
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is the importance of facial symmetry in orthodontics?
It is crucial for diagnosis.
What factors influence clinical stability of bone screws?
It is multifactorial and depends on the nature of the screw.
p.61
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the purpose of separation in band attachment?
To create space for seating bands when tight interproximal contacts are present.
p.75
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What advantages do ceramic brackets have over plastic ones?
They overcame the shortcomings of plastic and are esthetic.
p.4
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Can fixed appliances be adjusted by the patient?
No, they require adjustments by an orthodontist.
p.24
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What are the benefits of using the Herbst appliance?
Improves occlusion, enhances facial aesthetics, and can reduce the need for extractions.
p.91
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What does soft tissue examination involve in the context of facial symmetry?
Assessment of the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues.
p.61
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What are the benefits of using orthodontic specific cement?
Reduces leakage and demineralization problems.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What characterizes a moderate bite?
A bite where the upper teeth overlap the lower teeth to a moderate extent.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What does posterior refer to in dental terms?
The back teeth, including premolars and molars.
p.40
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How has the contemporary edgewise appliance evolved?
It evolved far beyond the original design while maintaining the basis of a rectangular wire in a rectangular slot.
p.3
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
Can one appliance be used to treat all patients?
Yes, but it is best to fit the need of the individual patient.
p.12
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
Is arch expansion effective for individual teeth?
No, it is not OK for individual teeth.
p.57
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the indications for using bands for attachments in orthodontics?
Heavy intermittent forces like headgear, teeth needing both lingual and labial attachments, and teeth with short clinical crowns.
p.82
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What aspect of Temporary Anchorage Devices relates to their practicality in the mouth?
Ease of use in terms of placement and use.
p.16
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What type of dental issues can removable appliances address?
Crowding, spacing, and alignment of teeth.
p.23
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
How do Herbst appliances differ from traditional fixed appliances?
They are more like removable appliances.
p.79
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How should clinicians approach appliance selection?
By mixing patient needs with their preferences.
p.17
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a key characteristic of removable appliances used for arch expansion?
They can be taken out by the patient for cleaning and eating.
p.39
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a characteristic of the Labiolingual fixed appliance system?
It uses bands on first molars and heavy wires to the lingual and labial sides of teeth with springs for movement.
p.99
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is an anterior crossbite?
A dental condition where the upper front teeth are positioned behind the lower front teeth when biting.
p.45
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What does the Second Order in the Straight Wire Concept involve?
Up and down positioning (vertical, occlusal/incisal and gingival).
What does secondary stability refer to?
Union of the screw to the surrounding bone.
p.71
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the primary materials used in fixed orthodontic appliances?
Stainless steel, ceramic, and composite materials.
p.94
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What type of pressure is applied during a TMJ clinical examination?
3 lbs pressure, anterior to the ear.
p.34
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are fixed appliances in orthodontics?
Devices that are permanently attached to the teeth to correct alignment and bite issues.
p.87
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is another application of mini-plates in orthodontics?
For moving mandibular teeth.
How does the screw head contribute to its usability?
It can be used as an attachment for springs or wires.
p.93
Soft Tissue Considerations in Orthodontics
What is 'Mentalis strain'?
A condition where there is excessive tension or dysfunction in the mentalis muscle.
p.76
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Where is it best to place ceramic brackets?
On upper anterior canine to canine.
p.34
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How long is the typical treatment duration with fixed appliances?
Usually between 1 to 3 years, depending on the complexity of the case.
p.38
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are Edgewise fixed appliances?
Orthodontic devices that use brackets and wires to align teeth in a controlled manner.
p.66
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is a practical consideration for bonding materials in clinical use?
It must be easy to use clinically.
p.20
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the effect of the pressure created by functional appliances?
It moves teeth and modifies growth.
p.8
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the significance of the clasps modified by Philip Adams?
They are considered the most effective clasp for removable appliance stability when using springs.
p.79
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What factors influence appliance choice in orthodontics?
Patient preference and clinician assessment.
p.98
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is a posterior crossbite?
A condition where one or more of the upper back teeth bite inside the lower back teeth.
p.89
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What is involved in a clinical examination for orthodontics?
Screening for dental issues, including missing teeth.
p.51
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the general rule for selecting arch form in orthodontics?
The original arch form should not be changed.
p.92
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
Why is diagnosis of lip competency important?
To assess potential impacts on oral health and orthodontic treatment.
p.68
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is the primary purpose of bonding attachments?
To ensure the stability and effectiveness of fixed appliances.
p.27
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
How are the records sent to Invisalign?
Electronically or by mail along with the initial Rx from the doctor.
p.92
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What characterizes competent lips?
Lips that can close without strain and maintain a resting position.
p.76
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the main materials used for orthodontic brackets?
Nonmetallic materials and ceramics.
p.87
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Where are mini-plates frequently used in relation to lower molars?
On the buccal shelf below lower molars, often with bone screws.
p.93
Soft Tissue Considerations in Orthodontics
What are the types of soft tissue conditions related to Mentalis Strain?
No mentalis strain and mentalis strain.
p.61
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What tools are used for separation during band attachment?
Separating springs or elastomeric separators, applied via pliers or floss.
p.21
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
Who developed the Activator functional appliance?
Andresen from Norway in the 1920s.
p.94
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What are the two types of TMJ involvement?
Unilateral and bilateral.
p.61
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What type of cement is used for band cementation?
Orthodontic specific cement, often glass ionomer/resin materials that are light cured.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is a shallow bite?
A bite where the upper teeth barely overlap the lower teeth.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is a deep bite?
A condition where the upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth.
p.14
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a removable appliance in orthodontics?
A device that can be taken out of the mouth by the patient, used to correct dental issues.
p.38
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the significance of Angle's progression to Edgewise appliances?
It represents an evolution in orthodontic techniques for better treatment outcomes.
p.98
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is an anterior crossbite?
A condition where one or more of the upper front teeth bite behind the lower front teeth.
p.88
Types of Orthodontic Appliances
What role do clear aligners play in contemporary orthodontics?
They provide a discreet option for teeth straightening.
p.79
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What role does patient preference play in appliance choice?
It is a significant factor in determining the best appliance for each case.
p.25
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What observation led to the development of clear aligners?
Slight alterations to the suck down model could move the tooth.
p.37
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What innovation did the Edgewise system introduce in 1928?
It replaced the vertical rectangular slot with horizontal rectangular slots to improve root control.
p.5
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
Can removable appliances be used for space maintenance?
Yes, they can help maintain space for unerupted teeth.
p.99
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What are the potential consequences of an untreated anterior crossbite?
It can lead to uneven wear of teeth, jaw pain, and aesthetic concerns.
p.75
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What issues were associated with plastic brackets in the 1980s?
Staining, low strength, poor dimensions, and sliding abilities.
p.4
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are fixed appliances?
Orthodontic devices that are permanently attached to the teeth.
p.35
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the purpose of using rectangular arch wires in fixed appliances?
For precise positioning of the teeth after initial alignment with round wires.
p.21
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is a monobloc in the context of functional appliances?
A type of functional appliance developed in the early 1900s.
p.96
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is involved in the clinical examination for canine classification?
A thorough assessment of the patient's dental and facial structures.
p.4
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is a common use for removable appliances?
To correct minor tooth misalignments or to retain teeth after treatment.
p.96
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What characterizes Class II canine classification?
The upper canine is positioned more forward than the lower canine.
p.76
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is likely to be the next advancement in bracket materials?
Composite plastic brackets.
p.29
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What should you be cautious about when performing interproximal reduction?
You need to know how much enamel you can safely remove without injuring the teeth.
p.89
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What is a panoramic radiograph used for?
To assess missing teeth and overall dental structure.
p.10
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What does repositioning of individual teeth involve?
Moving specific teeth to their desired positions.
p.92
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What is involved in the clinical examination of lip competency?
Assessment of soft tissue and lip function.
p.27
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is created by the company after receiving the records?
A 3D model and an initial plan with any needed tooth attachments, known as ClinCheck.
p.91
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What type of radiograph is used for assessing facial symmetry?
Posterior-Anterior Cephalometric Radiograph.
p.94
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What are the two classifications of TMJ symptoms?
Asymptomatic vs Symptomatic.
p.24
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
How does the Herbst appliance work?
It uses a system of metal rods and springs to encourage mandibular advancement.
p.35
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How are fixed appliances evolving?
Through the integration of CAD (Computer Assisted Design) and Manufacturing.
p.34
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What role does the archwire play in fixed appliances?
It connects the brackets and guides the movement of the teeth.
p.80
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
Can TADs be used for both maxillary and mandibular teeth?
Yes, TADs can be used for both maxillary and mandibular teeth.
p.76
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What resistance issue is associated with ceramic brackets?
Resistance to sliding/space closure.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is an open bite?
A condition where there is a gap between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed.
p.41
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What alteration was made in the bracket slot dimensions?
Allowing different wire sizes for engaging brackets.
p.68
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is direct bonding?
A method where attachments are bonded directly to the teeth in the mouth.
p.68
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What is indirect bonding?
A method where attachments are bonded to a model of the teeth before being transferred to the mouth.
p.39
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a drawback of the Labiolingual appliance system?
There is no precise positioning of teeth.
p.69
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What should be included in the description of fixed appliances?
Illustrations for steps involved in the bonding process.
p.39
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why was the Begg Appliance popular in the 1960s?
Because it was more efficient than the edgewise appliance of that era.
p.35
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a fixed appliance in orthodontics?
A variation of Charles Angle’s edgewise appliance system using rectangular arch wires for precise positioning of teeth.
p.87
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
In what context are mini-plates combined with plates at the anterior surface of the mandible?
For Class III growth modification.
p.24
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the Herbst appliance designed for?
To promote forward growth of the lower jaw (mandible).
p.78
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
How are lingual brackets designed?
Along with wires bent by robots for preplanned movements of teeth.
p.94
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What does the range of motion (ROM) in TMJ assessment include?
Deflection and deviation.
p.91
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What does skeletal examination involve in the context of facial symmetry?
Assessment of the underlying bone structure.
p.4
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a common use for fixed appliances?
To treat more complex orthodontic issues, such as severe misalignment.
p.21
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
When was the Activator introduced to the US?
In the 1960s, with a significant increase in use during the 1970s.
p.29
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is a recommended practice after performing interproximal reduction?
Placing fluoride after the procedure.
p.19
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
Are functional appliances removable or fixed?
They can be removable appliances.
p.37
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What was the purpose of the Pin and Tube system?
To overcome tipping by using an individual pin and tube on each tooth for full movement.
What are the two types of mechanical retention provided by bone screws?
Primary (short term) and secondary (long term) stability.
p.87
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a common use of mini-plates in orthodontics?
Base of the zygomatic arch.
p.44
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
Why is it called the Straight Wire Concept?
Because it minimizes the need for bends in the wire.
p.28
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is involved in the attachment process for clear aligners?
Attachments are placed, and trays are delivered using etch, 2 step prime/bond, and composite.
p.78
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary purpose of lingual fixed appliances?
To address the objection of fixed appliances on facial surfaces.
p.27
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is the purpose of tooth attachments in Clear Aligner Therapy?
To help with tooth movement.
p.4
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What is the main difference between removable and fixed appliances?
Removable appliances can be taken out, while fixed appliances are attached to the teeth.
p.61
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What type of bands are typically used in orthodontics?
Preformed stainless steel (SS) bands.
p.78
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is likely to change regarding the popularity of lingual fixed appliances?
Their popularity in the US is likely to increase.
p.61
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
How does the fit of the band contribute to its retention?
The fit of the band retains it while the cement seals between the band and the tooth.
p.80
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What is a key advantage of using TADs?
They allow for more precise tooth movement and treatment efficiency.
p.22
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What are functional appliances used for in orthodontics?
To control patients' vertical dimension as needed.
p.37
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is a Ribbon arch?
An orthodontic system with a vertical rectangular slot behind the tube, allowing easier alignment but with poor root control.
p.27
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What records are needed for Clear Aligner Therapy preparation?
Same records as traditional orthodontic treatment planning plus an intraoral scan (iTero) or PVS impression.
p.25
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is the maximum movement allowed per aligner in Clear Aligner Therapy?
No more than 1mm per aligner.
p.75
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What are the main types of materials used for orthodontic brackets?
Metallic and nonmetallic materials.
p.28
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is the first step in preparing clear aligners?
Aligners are made and shipped with a template for any attachments needed to help tooth movement.
p.45
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the focus of the Third Order in the Straight Wire Concept?
Torque (buccal and lingual inclination).
p.5
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
How do removable appliances benefit oral hygiene?
They can be removed for cleaning, making it easier to maintain oral hygiene.
p.99
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
How can an anterior crossbite be treated?
Through orthodontic appliances like braces or clear aligners.
p.7
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What type of appliance did George Crozat fabricate?
A precious metal appliance with a clasp on first molars.
p.24
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What are some modifications of the Herbst appliance?
Adjustable components, different materials, and variations in design for specific patient needs.
p.71
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What type of wire is often used in fixed orthodontic appliances?
Nickel-titanium or stainless steel archwires.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is an overbite?
A dental condition where the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth.
p.96
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What defines Class III canine classification?
The lower canine is positioned more forward than the upper canine.
What is clinical stability a combination of?
Primary and secondary stability.
What is an important aspect of the ease of use of bone screws?
Easy and straightforward placement.
p.71
Bonding Techniques for Fixed Appliances
What role do bonding agents play in fixed appliances?
They secure brackets to the teeth.
p.80
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What are Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs)?
Devices used in orthodontics to provide a stable anchor point for tooth movement.
p.61
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the preferred method for fitting bands?
Using the biting force of the patient rather than the strength of the orthodontist.
p.21
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What effect does the Activator have on the bite?
It opens the bite and advances the mandible forward.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What is considered an ideal bite?
A bite where the upper teeth slightly overlap the lower teeth, with proper alignment.
p.34
Fixed Appliances and Edgewise System
What is the primary function of fixed appliances?
To apply continuous pressure to teeth to move them into desired positions.
p.91
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What aspects are examined during a clinical examination for facial symmetry?
Skeletal and soft tissue.
p.21
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the significance of the Activator?
It was the first functional appliance to be widely accepted.
p.80
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What is a common type of TAD?
Mini-screws are a common type of Temporary Anchorage Device.
p.94
Clinical Screening Procedures for Orthodontics
What does 'within normal limits' refer to in TMJ assessment?
A classification indicating no significant issues.
p.80
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
What materials are commonly used for TADs?
Titanium and stainless steel are commonly used materials.
p.80
Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics
How are TADs typically placed?
TADs are usually placed surgically or with local anesthesia.
p.29
Clear Aligner Therapy Development
What is interproximal reduction in Clear Aligner Therapy?
It is the removal of enamel to gain space, often done during Invisalign treatment.
p.21
Functional Appliances and Jaw Growth Modification
What is the current status of functional appliances like the Activator?
They are now widely accepted in modern orthodontic practice.
p.104
Angle’s Classification in Orthodontics
What does anterior refer to in dental terms?
The front teeth, including incisors and canines.
p.96
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics
What is the significance of scanning in canine classification?
To obtain accurate measurements and assessments of dental structures.
p.29
Removable Appliances and Their Applications
What type of appliances is associated with interproximal reduction?
Removable appliances, specifically in the context of Clear Aligner Therapy.
