p.6
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What laboratory findings may be associated with leukemia?
Specific laboratory findings related to blood conditions.
p.5
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What are the primary symptoms of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome?
Persistent facial edema, monosymptomatic episodes of lip edema, and recurring facial paralysis.
p.2
Infectious Diseases Related to Granulomatosis
Which infections can lead to bone invasion and necrosis?
TBC, Syphilis, Deep Mycosis, and Wegener granuloma.
p.6
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What are the types of neoplastic lesions mentioned?
Histolytic lesions, lymphoma, leukemia, and epidermoid cancer.
p.1
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is the purpose of granuloma formation?
To contain an offending agent that is challenging to eliminate.
p.4
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
Where can sarcoidosis manifest?
Primarily in the head and neck regions, including the eyes, parotid gland, lacrimal gland, and the mucosa of the pharynx and larynx.
p.5
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What are the characteristic locations of symptoms in Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome?
The lips and fissured tongue.
p.7
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What is the purpose of PAS and silver stains?
To identify fungi in tissue samples.
p.7
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What does PCR testing detect?
It is used for testing tuberculosis.
p.5
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What are the typical clinical manifestations of foreign body granulomas?
Granulomatous formations in the surrounding area, often with giant granuloma cells present.
p.2
Infectious Diseases Related to Granulomatosis
What is the location primarily affected by rhinoscleroma?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, and palate.
p.6
Differential Diagnosis of Granulomatous Lesions
What characteristics of the current disease should be assessed?
Size of the lesion, presence of pain, and location within or outside the oral-pharynx.
p.1
Non-Granulomatous Disorders in the Maxillofacial Region
What age group is often associated with non-granulomatous disorders in the maxillofacial region?
Individuals over 40-50 years old.
p.3
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What histological features are associated with the lesions?
Granulomas and histiocytes with clear cytoplasm, vacuolae containing bacilli, and hyperplasia.
p.7
Autoimmune Diseases and Granulomatosis
What is a key characteristic of vasculitis?
It involves inflammation of blood vessels.
p.7
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What do Ziehl-Neelsen and Fite stains detect?
Tuberculosis and leprosy.
p.1
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What are some foreign bodies that can lead to granulomatous inflammation?
Implants and previous surgery (sutures).
p.4
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is the relationship between pathology and tuberculosis (TBC)?
Pathology in dentistry relates to tuberculosis but is not limited to individuals susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
p.5
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
Do patients with Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome typically experience pain?
No, it typically does not cause pain.
p.3
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is the believed etiology of sarcoidosis?
An immune reaction triggered by infections or chemicals, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals.
p.7
Non-Granulomatous Disorders in the Maxillofacial Region
What does necrosis refer to?
The death of cells or tissues in the body.
p.2
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is the aetiology of tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
p.6
Differential Diagnosis of Granulomatous Lesions
What should be considered in the patient's medical history during diagnosis?
Conditions like tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, HIV, and blood diseases.
p.6
Differential Diagnosis of Granulomatous Lesions
What types of granulomas should be determined?
Tuberculoid granuloma, fenced granuloma, naked granuloma, and foreign body granuloma.
p.4
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What is a typical presentation of sarcoidosis lesions?
Nodular lesions of less than 1 cm in size, without ulcers.
p.3
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What laboratory findings are associated with the condition?
Chronic inflammatory response.
p.4
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is the underlying cause of Wegener Granulomatosis?
Associated with the presence of cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (C-ANCA).
p.4
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What histological findings are observed in Wegener Granulomatosis?
Fenced granulomas without necrosis, vasculitis affecting arterioles, capillaries, and veins.
p.7
Neoplastic Conditions in the Maxillofacial Area
What are malignant cells?
Cells that are cancerous and can invade other tissues.
p.1
Granulomatous Inflammation
What characterizes granulomatous inflammation?
The presence of activated macrophages, often accompanied by T lymphocytes, and occasionally involving central necrosis.
p.6
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What can radiological examinations reveal in neoplastic conditions?
Evidence of tissue destruction.
p.1
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What syndrome is associated with unknown causes of granulomatous inflammation?
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (Granulomatosis cheilitis of Miescher).
p.5
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What type of granulomas are found in Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome?
Nonspecific granulomas, similar to tuberculoid granulomas.
p.4
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What are common symptoms associated with sarcoidosis?
Lymphadenopathy, enlargement of the liver and spleen, lung involvement, and arthritis.
p.4
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What histological findings are associated with CIID?
Small granulomas and small groups of histiocytes, typically without central necrosis.
p.6
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What is a common characteristic of neoplastic lesions?
They are typically nodular, ulcerative, and exceed 2 cm in size.
p.1
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
In which region does granulomatous inflammation refer to chronic lesions?
The maxillofacial region, specifically in the facial and jaw area.
p.5
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What histological features are observed in foreign body granulomas?
Epithelioid cells surrounding a foreign body at the center of the lesion, with no necrosis.
p.6
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What laboratory tests are recommended for diagnosis?
Hemogram, serology, C-ANCA testing, and evaluation for chronic intestinal inflammatory disease.
p.5
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is known about the aetiology of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome?
The exact cause is unknown but may involve infectious agents, immune reactions, or genetic factors.
p.4
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is the aetiology of Chronic Intestinal Inflammatory Disease (CIID)?
Leads to symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain.
p.7
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What is Miosin used for in diagnostics?
To identify muscle-related tissues.
p.2
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What type of granulomas are seen in leprosy?
Tuberculoid, lepromatous, and mixed granulomas.
p.3
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What are the potential clinical manifestations of the lesion described?
Bone destruction, anesthesia of the palate, uvula hypertrophy, anosmia, and aphonia.
p.3
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What diagnostic techniques are used for this condition?
Warthin-Starry staining and Giemsa staining.
p.3
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What staining techniques are used for diagnosing fungal infections?
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and silver staining.
p.6
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
Where can neoplastic conditions affect the body?
Areas such as the nose and mouth.
p.5
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
Do patients with foreign body granulomas typically experience pain?
No, they usually do not experience pain.
p.5
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What demographic is more commonly affected by Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome?
Females around 30 years of age.
p.4
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What histological features characterize sarcoidosis?
Naked granulomas, Schumann bodies, and asteroid bodies.
p.4
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What laboratory finding is associated with Wegener Granulomatosis?
The presence of cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (C-ANCA).
p.2
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What is a common manifestation of tuberculosis?
Typically associated with disseminated lung tuberculosis.
p.7
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What is the Warthin-Starry stain used for?
To identify Klebsiella bacteria.
p.2
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
What is the primary diagnostic technique for tuberculosis?
Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR analysis.
p.5
Etiology of Granulomatous Disorders
What can cause foreign body granulomas?
Implants or previous surgical procedures, such as sutures.
p.6
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What can biopsies of neoplastic lesions show?
Presence of granulomas, foreign body reactions, and malignant cells.
p.1
Infectious Diseases Related to Granulomatosis
What type of lesions are associated with tuberculosis, syphilis, and deep mycosis?
Painless nodular lesions larger than 2 cm.
p.4
Diagnostic Techniques for Granulomatous Disorders
How is sarcoidosis typically diagnosed radiologically?
X-rays show a reticular lung pattern and adenopathy.
p.3
Infectious Diseases Related to Granulomatosis
What are common fungal pathogens associated with mycotic infections?
Mucor mycosis, Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus.
p.3
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What are the three forms in which the clinical condition can manifest?
Rhinitis, florid or granulomatous, and fibrotic.
p.4
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What oral manifestations can CIID present?
Aphthous ulcers, small nodular lesions, and ulcers.
p.4
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What lesions are characteristic of Wegener Granulomatosis?
Necrotic tissue and ulcers.
p.3
Histological Features of Granulomatous Lesions
What histological characteristics are seen in fungal infections?
Mucinous collections, PMN, eosinophils, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and hyphae.
p.4
Clinical Presentation of Specific Granulomatous Conditions
What is a key characteristic of Wegener Granulomatosis?
It typically presents as a systemic vasculitis with necrosis, primarily affecting the respiratory tract and kidneys.
