p.14
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
What should be done if a client feels pain during a health assessment?
Assess that area last if possible.
p.17
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What are some physiotherapy techniques used for chronic pain relief?
Hydrotherapy, repositioning, active stretching, raising limbs, and passive range-of-motion exercises.
p.3
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
What is a key difference in signs of distress between acute and chronic pain?
Signs of distress are present in acute pain but absent in chronic pain.
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What physical symptom may result from severe acute pain?
Joint stiffness due to limitation.
p.21
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
What localized tenderness was noted in the case study?
Localized tenderness at C3 and C4.
p.17
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What role does physiotherapy play in managing chronic pain syndromes?
It may alleviate pain in neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
p.3
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
What are the two types of persistent pain?
Malignant (cancer-related) and nonmalignant.
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
How can pain affect respiratory function?
Pain may be a precursor to hypoventilation and hypoxia, as patients may not be able to cough effectively.
p.14
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
What types of interventions can be used during a health assessment if the client experiences pain?
Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.
p.18
Special Considerations for Different Age Groups
Is pain considered a normal part of aging?
No, pain is not a normal process of aging.
p.16
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What is a simple but effective tool for pain relief?
The application of ice or heat.
p.11
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'D' in COLDSPA assess?
Duration: How long does the pain last? Does it reoccur?
p.16
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
How can massage therapy help in pain management?
It can relieve muscle and soft tissue pain.
p.15
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What type of pain does the patient describe?
Severe, stabbing, and squeezing pain with radiation to the right shoulder blade.
p.2
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
What actions should be taken if a client is experiencing pain during a health assessment?
Reassess the pain, provide comfort measures, and adjust the assessment approach.
p.5
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
What are some causes of neuropathic pain?
Direct nerve trauma, infections, metabolic problems, or may be drug induced.
p.22
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is the purpose of completing a pain assessment?
To evaluate a patient's pain using appropriate techniques.
p.18
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
What are some gender-related factors in pain perception?
Differences in prevalence rates of painful conditions and potential genetic differences.
p.11
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'L' in COLDSPA indicate?
Location: Where is the pain located? Does it radiate?
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What are some indicators of chronic pain?
Fear, anxiety, depression, and isolation.
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
How does chronic pain affect mobility?
It can lead to limited mobility and function.
p.21
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
How did the lumbar area respond to palpation?
Tender to moderate palpation.
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What daily activities may be affected by chronic pain?
The ability to complete day-to-day activities may decrease, leading to increased fatigue.
p.24
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What is the most reliable indicator for pain?
B. Patient’s self-report.
p.18
Special Considerations for Different Age Groups
What is a common misconception about pain in infants and young children?
That infants do not remember pain, leading to a higher risk for under treatment.
p.18
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What might children use to report pain?
Words or phrases specific to their understanding.
p.3
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
What is a characteristic of acute pain?
It is short-term and self-limiting.
p.17
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
When should pediatric pain management techniques be taught?
Before the procedure, to allow the child to focus on the activity.
p.18
Special Considerations for Different Age Groups
What is the relationship between older adults and chronic conditions?
Older adults have a higher incidence of pain related to chronic conditions.
p.3
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
Does chronic pain stop when tissue heals?
No, it does not stop when tissue heals.
p.11
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'O' in COLDSPA refer to?
Onset: When did the pain begin?
p.16
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What benefits does heat provide in pain management?
It helps relax muscles, decrease spasm, and decrease muscle tightness.
p.16
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What is Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) used for?
It is effective in acute pain episodes and chronic pain conditions.
p.16
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
In which conditions has TENS been found effective?
Neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
p.11
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'S' in COLDSPA measure?
Severity: How bad is the pain?
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is the Brief Pain Inventory used for?
To assess pain over the previous 24 hours.
p.13
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is a risk for individuals who are unable to report pain?
They are at high risk of under-treatment.
p.2
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What physical changes may occur due to poorly controlled pain?
Changes can include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and muscle tension.
p.2
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is the PQRSTU method used for?
It is used to assess pain through a structured examination.
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What impact does chronic pain have on family dynamics?
It can cause family distress.
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is the purpose of the Faces Pain Scale – Revised?
To assess pain in patients aged 4 to 5 years.
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
How does chronic pain affect quality of life?
It diminishes quality of life.
p.13
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What are some indicators of moderate to intense pain in an unconscious individual?
Grimacing, wincing, moaning, rigidity, arching, restlessness, shaking, and pushing.
p.21
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What behavior was noted regarding the patient's lower back?
Rubs lower back frequently.
p.22
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
What should be done after completing a pain assessment?
Document and report the findings to the collaborative team.
p.3
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
How does acute pain typically behave over time?
It follows a predictable trajectory and dissipates after the injury heals.
p.11
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'C' in COLDSPA stand for in pain assessment?
Character: Describe the sign or symptom, including how it feels, looks, sounds, or smells.
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What does the PQRSTU/COLDSPA acronym stand for in pain assessment?
It is a tool used to evaluate pain characteristics.
p.2
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
What are the different types of pain?
Acute pain and chronic pain.
p.11
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'A' in COLDSPA represent?
Associated Factors: What other symptoms occur with the pain?
p.13
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
How do persistent (chronic) pain behaviors adapt over time?
They may give little indication of pain and have a higher risk for underdetection.
p.10
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
How is pain defined in health assessment?
Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does.
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is the Numeric Rating Scale?
A method for patients to rate their pain using numbers.
p.5
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
How do manifestations of neuropathic pain vary?
They vary among patients.
p.4
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
What can cause visceral pain?
Injury or stretching due to tumor, ischemia, distension, or contraction.
p.14
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
When should the assessment be stopped?
In some cases, if the pain is significant.
p.17
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What pediatric strategies can be used for pain management?
Application of heat or ice, deep breathing, and distraction with activities like bubble blowing, musical toys, books, and video games.
p.3
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
What defines persistent (chronic) pain?
It continues for 6 months or longer.
p.12
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What objective data may indicate acute pain?
Increased heart rate or blood pressure.
p.3
Types of Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
What is a notable feature of chronic pain regarding its purpose?
Chronic pain has no useful purpose.
p.2
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
What are cultural and gender factors in pain perception?
They influence how individuals experience and express pain, affecting pain management.
p.11
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'P' in COLDSPA stand for?
Pattern: What makes the pain better or worse?
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What does the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire do?
Ranks a list of pain descriptors.
p.13
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
How can nonverbal but cognitively intact individuals indicate pain intensity?
Using a numerical rating scale, written description, or pointing to the location of pain.
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What are pain rating scales used for?
To quantify the intensity of pain experienced by a patient.
p.10
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What does the 'P' in the pain assessment acronym stand for?
Provocative or palliative: Questions about relief with rest and previous treatments.
p.15
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What objective signs are noted in the patient?
Diaphoretic, grimacing, difficulty concentrating, breathless, guarding upper abdominal area, and distended abdomen.
p.4
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
How is nociceptive pain typically described?
As 'aching' or 'throbbing'.
p.5
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
What is referred pain?
Pain that originates in one location but is felt in another site.
p.10
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is assessed under the 'S' in the pain assessment acronym?
Severity: How the patient would rate the pain on an intensity scale.
p.20
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What areas does A.G. report increased pain and stiffness?
Neck, arms, and lower back.
p.20
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What medication does A.G. take for pain relief?
Acetaminophen extra strength, two tablets.
p.20
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
Why does A.G. not participate in field trips offered by her assisted living facility?
Because she 'hurts too much.'
p.19
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
What is one example of a question to assess pain beliefs?
What does your pain mean to you?
p.13
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What are acute pain behaviors?
Behaviors exhibited during episodes of acute pain, such as grimacing or moaning.
p.21
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
What was the patient's ability to flex their neck?
Unable to flex neck to chest.
p.5
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
What is neuropathic pain caused by?
Lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system.
p.13
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What should you ask a patient regarding their pain?
How they behave when in pain.
p.5
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
How is neuropathic pain typically described?
As 'burning' or 'shooting'.
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is the Descriptor Scale in pain assessment?
A scale that uses descriptive words to indicate pain intensity.
p.10
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does the 'U' in the pain assessment acronym represent?
Understanding of pain: Questions about the patient's beliefs regarding the cause of pain and comfort goals.
p.19
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
What is a useful question to gauge a patient's description of their pain?
How do you usually describe your pain?
p.16
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management
What role does massage therapy play in chronic pain management?
It is an important component.
p.7
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is the Visual Analogue Scale used for?
To measure pain intensity on a continuum.
p.2
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What techniques are appropriate for completing a pain assessment?
Techniques include interviews, observational assessments, and standardized pain scales.
p.4
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
How is pain classified based on its origin?
Pain is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or both.
p.15
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What is observed during the abdominal examination?
Severe tenderness on light palpation of the right upper quadrant and epigastric area; hyperactive bowel sounds in all four quadrants.
p.4
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
Can visceral pain be constant or intermittent?
Yes, it can be either constant or intermittent.
p.19
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
Why is it important to consider patients' understanding and beliefs about pain?
It helps in providing effective pain management tailored to individual needs.
p.15
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What position helps diminish the patient's pain?
Bringing knees to chest and 'not moving' for a 1-hour period.
p.4
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
What is visceral pain?
Pain from direct injury or stretching of large interior organs.
p.2
Pain Assessment During Health Evaluation
Why is it important to document and report findings of a pain assessment?
To ensure effective communication and collaboration within the healthcare team.
p.4
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
What is somatic pain?
Pain that is superficial from skin and subcutaneous tissue or deep from joints, tendons, muscles, or bone.
p.20
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What is A.G.'s response when asked to rate her pain intensity?
She replies, 'I don't know what number to give; it hurts a lot, on and off.'
p.10
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What does the 'Q' in the pain assessment acronym refer to?
Quality of pain: Words used to describe the pain.
p.10
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What does the 'R' in the pain assessment acronym indicate?
Region of body: Questions about where the pain is and if it radiates.
p.20
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
How does A.G. describe her pain?
Aching, with good and bad days.
p.19
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
What question can help understand how others perceive a patient's pain?
How do others know you are in pain?
p.5
Sources of Pain: Nociceptive and Neuropathic
What is the relationship between referred pain and spinal nerves?
Referred pain is innervated by the same spinal nerve.
p.20
Subjective and Objective Data in Pain Assessment
What does A.G. report about the radiation of her pain?
She denies radiation of pain.
p.19
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
How can family and friends contribute to a patient's pain experience?
They can provide emotional support and practical help.
p.10
Pain Assessment Tools and Techniques
What does the 'T' in the pain assessment acronym stand for?
Timing and onset of pain: Questions about when it started and its pattern.
p.20
Pain Indicators in Acute and Chronic Pain
What difficulties does A.G. experience in her daily activities?
Difficulty getting in and out of the bathtub and dressing herself.
p.19
Cultural and Gender Factors in Pain Perception
How can traditional remedies be relevant in pain assessment?
They reflect cultural beliefs and practices that may influence pain management.
