What is one definition of culture according to Cambridge Dictionaries Online?
Culture is described as a way of life, including the general customs and beliefs of a particular group of people at a particular time.
How does culture relate to art?
Culture encompasses the continuing traditions of art, music, and literature.
What does 'grow' refer to in the context of culture?
It refers to micro-organisms or parts of organisms grown for scientific purposes, or the breeding and keeping of particular living things.
p.30
Cultural Diversity and Change
What is cultural shock?
The personal disorientation that comes from experiencing an unfamiliar way of life.
p.52
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What does Eurocentrism emphasize in its historical focus?
It highlights European history and achievements, often neglecting contributions from other cultures.
p.42
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What is cultural relativism?
The belief that a person's beliefs and activities should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another culture.
p.18
Definition of Culture
What do belief systems involve?
Stories, myths, worldviews, and 'living philosophies'.
p.28
Cultural Diversity and Change
What role does multiculturalism play in society?
It encourages the coexistence of diverse cultures and promotes inclusivity.
p.27
Components of Culture
What do different groups in a community contribute to?
The overall fabric of the community.
p.31
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What is a symptom of societal change related to cultural lag?
The rapid growth of technology outpacing the development of ideal culture.
p.58
Cultural Diversity and Change
What does multiculturalism encourage?
Racial and ethnic harmony and cross-cultural understanding.
p.42
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
Can cultural universals exist within cultural relativism?
Yes, cultural universals can be recognized while still respecting the unique aspects of different cultures.
p.31
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
Give an example of cultural lag.
Test-tube babies, human cloning, and stem cell research.
p.44
Components of Culture
What do all cultures have in terms of spirituality?
Every culture has some form of religious or spiritual practice, despite differing beliefs and rituals.
p.28
Cultural Diversity and Change
What is cultural diversity?
The variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
What is the sociological definition of culture?
Culture is the ways of thinking, acting, and the material objects that form a people's way of life.
p.28
Cultural Diversity and Change
What challenges can arise from cultural diversity?
Potential for conflict, misunderstanding, and social fragmentation.
p.57
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What does cultural imperialism refer to?
The imposition of one culture over others, often leading to the devaluation of diverse cultural identities.
p.18
Components of Culture
How do belief systems affect our everyday lives?
They interpret our experiences and provide guidelines for how we should feel, think, and behave.
p.51
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
In what contexts does Eurocentrism often manifest?
In academic, cultural, and political contexts.
p.24
Components of Culture
What types of symbols are referenced in 'Tradition'?
Symbols of Jewish tradition, such as religious garments and rituals.
p.32
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What are countercultures?
Groups that actively reject and oppose the dominant cultural norms and values.
p.12
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What are the two types of culture represented in fashion?
Material culture (clothing) and nonmaterial culture (identity).
p.32
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What do countercultures seek to create?
An alternative lifestyle or set of beliefs that challenge mainstream society.
p.26
Components of Culture
What is the mother's role in the household according to the song?
Maintaining the household.
p.39
Popular Culture vs High Culture
What is high culture?
Cultural products and activities associated with a society's elite, such as art, music, literature, and theater.
p.46
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
How do marriage customs vary across cultures?
They can include practices like arranged marriages or polygamy.
p.6
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
How is material culture influenced?
By a society's level of technology and economic resources.
p.35
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What typically gives rise to countercultures?
Perceived injustices or dissatisfaction with the dominant culture.
What is nonmaterial culture?
The intangible aspects of culture, including beliefs, values, norms, language, and customs.
p.54
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What often benefits from cultural imperialism?
The dominant culture, often at the expense of others.
p.49
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
In what ways can cultural imperialism affect local cultures?
It can undermine local traditions, languages, and identities, leading to cultural erosion.
p.41
Popular Culture vs High Culture
What is high culture?
A cultural form that differentiates the elite from the rest of society by creating a cultural hierarchy.
p.30
Cultural Diversity and Change
What feelings are associated with cultural shock?
A sense of strangeness and disorientation.
p.19
Components of Culture
What do norms define?
The proper procedures and steps for achieving actions.
p.57
Multiculturalism and Its Importance
What is the goal of efforts to promote multiculturalism?
To counteract the effects of cultural imperialism by valuing and preserving diverse cultural identities.
p.19
Components of Culture
Why are norms important in society?
They explain why certain behaviors should be performed and why others should not.
p.22
Cultural Diversity and Change
Can traditions change over time?
Yes, traditions can evolve and adapt to new social contexts and influences.
p.55
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
How does cultural imperialism differ from ethnocentrism?
Cultural imperialism is an active imposition of cultural values, while ethnocentrism is a mindset of cultural superiority.
p.42
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
Why is cultural relativism important in anthropology?
It promotes understanding and tolerance of cultural differences, preventing ethnocentrism.
p.23
Definition of Culture
What is the main theme of the song 'Tradition' from Fiddler on the Roof?
The role of tradition in shaping society.
p.25
Components of Culture
What type of language is used in the lyrics of 'Tradition'?
Simple, repetitive language.
p.44
Components of Culture
What are universal human activities related to creativity?
The creation and appreciation of art and music are universal, though forms are culturally specific.
p.46
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What does cultural relativism encourage regarding dietary practices?
Understanding differences without judgment.
p.56
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is cultural imperialism?
The imposition of one culture over others, often justified by ethnocentrism.
p.42
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
How does cultural relativism differ from cultural universals?
Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding cultures on their own terms, while cultural universals focus on commonalities across cultures.
p.24
Components of Culture
What role do symbols play in the song 'Tradition'?
They convey cultural values and norms.
p.45
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
How does cultural relativism differ from ethnocentrism?
Cultural relativism avoids judging a culture by the standards of another culture.
p.57
Cultural Diversity and Change
How does promoting cultural diversity help in society?
It helps to value and preserve diverse cultural identities, counteracting cultural imperialism.
p.44
Components of Culture
What is a universal aspect of human societies related to communication?
All human societies have developed a system of communication, though languages are diverse.
p.11
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What types of structures are examples of material culture in relation to beliefs?
Churches, mosques, and temples.
p.36
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What are subcultures based on?
Ethnicity, religion, interests, or lifestyles.
p.50
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What are the consequences of ethnocentrism?
It often leads to misunderstanding and conflict.
p.50
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What assumption does ethnocentrism make about cultural norms?
It assumes the superiority of one's own cultural norms.
p.29
Cultural Diversity and Change
What are the three main ways cultural change can occur?
Through innovation, discovery, and diffusion.
What are some examples of artifacts in material culture?
Tools, clothing, buildings, and artwork.
p.39
Popular Culture vs High Culture
What societal classes are typically associated with high culture?
The elite or upper classes.
How does nonmaterial culture influence society?
It shapes the way people interact with each other and understand the world.
p.17
Components of Culture
What role do values play in social living?
They serve as broad guidelines.
p.22
Components of Culture
How do traditions contribute to cultural identity?
Traditions help shape and define the identity of a cultural group, providing a sense of belonging and continuity.
p.38
Popular Culture vs High Culture
What is the definition of popular culture according to Cambridge Dictionaries Online?
Culture enjoyed, supported, or believed by ordinary people rather than specialists or highly educated people.
p.27
Components of Culture
How can social order be maintained?
By assigning different roles and expectations for men, women, and children.
p.16
Components of Culture
How does language facilitate cultural transmission?
It allows culture to be passed from one generation to the next.
p.38
Popular Culture vs High Culture
Who does popular culture primarily involve?
Ordinary people who are not highly educated.
p.22
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How can traditions be a source of conflict?
Conflicting traditions between different cultural groups can lead to misunderstandings and tensions.
p.40
Popular Culture vs High Culture
What is high culture?
A form of culture that is often exclusive and accessible primarily to those with education, wealth, and leisure time.
p.15
Components of Culture
Why are symbols crucial in communication?
They convey cultural meanings and can vary significantly across different cultures.
p.24
Components of Culture
How do symbols contribute to the villagers' identity in 'Tradition'?
They are integral to their identity and cultural transmission.
p.15
Cultural Diversity and Change
How can gestures like a thumbs-up vary in meaning?
It can have positive connotations in some cultures and be offensive in others.
p.39
Popular Culture vs High Culture
What qualities are often associated with high culture?
Sophistication, intellectualism, and refinement.
p.47
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
Why are cultural universals important?
They remind us of our shared humanity.
p.46
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
Why might a delicacy in one culture be seen as unpalatable in another?
Due to differing cultural perspectives on food.
What role does food play in material culture?
The types of food people eat and how they prepare it are integral to cultural identity.
Why is language considered a crucial component of nonmaterial culture?
It is the primary means of communication and cultural transmission, reflecting cultural diversity.
p.56
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
How can ethnocentrism lead to cultural imperialism?
It can justify the imposition of one's culture on others.
p.30
Cultural Diversity and Change
Why do people experience cultural shock?
Because people in another culture act with different assumptions and meanings.
p.22
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What role do traditions play in social cohesion?
Traditions foster social bonds and unity among members of a cultural group.
p.15
Components of Culture
What are symbols in the context of culture?
Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture, such as gestures, objects, or words.
p.27
Components of Culture
What do men, women, and children have in a social order?
Their own set of duties and responsibilities.
p.58
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What does multiculturalism discourage?
Hatred, discrimination, and violence.
p.43
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What are cultural universals?
Elements, patterns, traits, or institutions common to all human cultures worldwide.
p.23
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How do sociologists analyze the song 'Tradition' culturally?
By examining its impact on societal norms and values.
p.43
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
Do cultural universals vary by geographical location or historical period?
No, they are found in every society regardless of these factors.
p.23
Components of Culture
In what way is tradition depicted as significant in the song?
As a guiding force that shapes identity and community.
p.32
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
Why is understanding dominant culture, subcultures, and countercultures important?
To grasp how societies function and how cultural diversity manifests within them.
p.53
Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Imperialism
How does cultural imperialism affect subordinate cultures?
It overshadows or replaces the norms and values of the subordinate culture.
p.26
Components of Culture
How do values and norms influence behavior in the community?
They guide behavior and expectations.
p.36
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How do subcultures interact with the dominant culture?
They coexist and sometimes integrate elements of both.
p.35
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What do countercultures advocate for?
Significant social change or alternative ways of living.
p.35
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What was an example of a counterculture in the 1960s?
The hippie movement in the United States.
p.5
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What is nonmaterial culture?
Nonmaterial culture includes the intangible aspects of a culture, such as beliefs, values, norms, and customs.
What is culture according to Encyclopaedia Britannica Online?
Behavior peculiar to Homo sapiens, along with material objects used as an integral part of this behavior.
p.22
Definition of Culture
What is tradition in the context of culture?
Tradition refers to the customs, beliefs, and practices passed down through generations within a culture.
p.28
Cultural Diversity and Change
What are some benefits of cultural diversity?
It promotes creativity, innovation, and a broader perspective on issues.
What are the three main components of culture?
What we think, how we act, and what we own.
p.55
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is the progression from ethnocentrism to cultural imperialism?
A shift from a mindset of cultural superiority to an active imposition of cultural values.
p.40
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
How does high culture reinforce class distinctions?
Participation in high culture can signal social status.
p.50
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is ethnocentrism?
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.
p.47
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What do cultural universals emphasize?
The commonalities among human societies.
p.47
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What is the focus of cultural relativism?
Appreciating the unique aspects of each culture.
p.54
Cultural Diversity and Change
How does cultural imperialism affect cultural diversity?
It leads to a loss of cultural diversity.
p.34
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
How does the dominant culture influence society?
It shapes societal norms and standards that are widely accepted and practiced.
p.34
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
In what areas does the dominant culture exert its influence?
Laws, education, media, and other institutions.
How does technology relate to material culture?
The use of smartphones, computers, and other devices reflects the technological advancements of a society.
p.13
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How can technology create cultural conflicts?
Different cultural groups may have varying views on technology's role and impact.
p.52
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What is the assumption made by Eurocentrism regarding non-European societies?
That they should adopt European models of development and governance.
p.16
Definition of Culture
What is language?
A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
p.52
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What does Eurocentrism present as universal?
European experiences and values.
p.56
Cultural Diversity and Change
How do many cultures resist cultural imperialism?
By promoting cultural relativism.
p.37
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What can happen when subcultures or countercultures challenge the dominant culture?
Tensions can arise, leading to social conflict or change.
p.26
Components of Culture
What do the values and norms in the song govern?
The lives of the villagers.
p.18
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What are belief systems often considered?
Taken-for-granted realities.
p.11
Components of Culture
What do religious buildings express in a community?
The spiritual practices and rituals of the community.
p.48
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What does it mean that cultural universals and relativities are not clearly determined?
It means that what is considered universal or relative can vary and is subject to interpretation.
p.34
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What is the dominant culture often associated with?
The group in society that holds the most power, whether economic, political, or social.
p.39
Popular Culture vs High Culture
How is popular culture often contrasted with high culture?
It is often labeled as lacking taste, vulgar, and immoral.
p.13
Cultural Diversity and Change
Can technology lead to cultural change?
Yes, technology can introduce new ideas and practices that alter cultural norms.
p.29
Cultural Diversity and Change
What is diffusion in the context of culture?
The spread of cultural elements from one society to another, especially under globalization.
p.33
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What are subcultures?
Groups within a larger culture that have distinct values, norms, and practices that set them apart from the dominant culture.
What are norms and customs in the context of nonmaterial culture?
Rules and expectations that guide the behavior of society's members, such as shaking hands as a greeting in Western cultures.
p.17
Components of Culture
What do values define in a society?
What behaviors are right and what are wrong.
p.19
Components of Culture
What are norms in a societal context?
Rules and expectations that guide the behavior of its members.
What elements are included in the definition of culture?
Language, ideas, beliefs, customs, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, and ceremonies.
p.55
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is ethnocentrism?
Judging other cultures from the perspective of one's own.
p.37
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What creates a dynamic cultural landscape?
The interaction between dominant cultures, subcultures, and countercultures.
p.14
Components of Culture
What is the third component of culture?
Values and beliefs people hold.
p.45
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What does cultural relativism emphasize in understanding cultural practices?
The importance of context.
p.44
Components of Culture
What is a common characteristic of family structures across cultures?
Every culture has some form of family unit, though structures and roles can vary greatly.
p.12
Components of Culture
What does traditional attire signify?
Cultural heritage and social status.
p.16
Cultural Diversity and Change
What do different languages reflect about a society?
Unique expressions and words that reflect cultural values and beliefs.
p.51
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
How does Eurocentrism affect the perception of other cultures?
It considers European experiences and values as the norm or standard against which other cultures are measured.
p.40
Components of Culture
What types of institutions support high culture?
Cultural institutions like museums, universities, and symphony orchestras.
p.29
Cultural Diversity and Change
What does cultural diversity refer to?
The variety of cultural expressions that exist within a society or across the world.
p.40
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
Who typically funds high culture institutions?
Wealthy patrons and government grants.
p.13
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How does technology influence culture?
Technology shapes communication, social interactions, and cultural practices.
p.53
Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Imperialism
What are the common means through which cultural imperialism is exerted?
Through economic or political dominance.
p.49
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What does ethnocentrism refer to?
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
p.49
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
How can cultural imperialism manifest in society?
Through the dominance of one culture's values, practices, and products over others, often leading to cultural homogenization.
p.34
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
Where is the dominant culture most visible?
In public life, such as language, dress codes, and rituals.
How does nonmaterial culture compare to material culture?
Nonmaterial culture is more abstract but equally important in defining a society's identity.
p.17
Components of Culture
What do values specify in terms of actions?
A value hierarchy that prioritizes actions.
p.28
Cultural Diversity and Change
How does cultural change occur?
Through processes such as globalization, migration, and technological advancements.
p.56
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What is cultural relativism?
The practice of understanding and appreciating cultural differences on their own terms.
p.37
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How can subcultures and countercultures affect the dominant culture?
They can influence and even change the dominant culture over time, leading to cultural evolution.
p.4
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How does culture relate to time?
Culture is both our link to the past and our guide to the future.
p.11
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What is the relationship between material culture and nonmaterial culture in religious architecture?
Material culture (buildings) accommodates and expresses nonmaterial culture (spiritual practices and rituals).
p.23
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What did tradition teach the Jewish people in the song?
It provided them with a way of life.
p.25
Components of Culture
What does the repetitive use of the word 'tradition' emphasize?
Its significance in maintaining social order.
p.25
Components of Culture
How does the song 'Tradition' reflect cultural practices?
By emphasizing the steadfast nature of cultural practices.
p.29
Cultural Diversity and Change
Is culture static or dynamic?
Culture is dynamic and constantly evolving.
p.10
Components of Culture
What aspects of culture do technological advancements impact?
Material culture and nonmaterial culture.
p.13
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What role does culture play in the development of technology?
Culture influences the types of technology developed and how they are used.
p.54
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What do power dynamics in cultural imperialism reflect?
They reflect and reinforce existing power dynamics, benefiting the dominant culture.
p.46
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What are some examples of social norms that vary widely across cultures?
Greetings, dress codes, and social interactions.
p.34
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What challenge do new members of society, like immigrants, often face regarding the dominant culture?
They face pressure to assimilate into the dominant culture to gain acceptance and success.
p.9
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What does material culture often reflect?
The values and beliefs of nonmaterial culture.
p.56
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief in the superiority of one's own culture.
p.58
Multiculturalism and Its Importance
What is multiculturalism?
A belief that society should ensure distinct cultural groups can keep their own identities and take pride in their ancestry.
p.42
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What are cultural universals?
Elements, patterns, traits, or institutions that are common to all human cultures worldwide.
p.31
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What is cultural lag?
A phenomenon where cultural elements change at different rates, disrupting the cultural system.
p.12
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
How do clothing and fashion relate to identity?
They are used to express personal and cultural identity.
p.11
Components of Culture
How do religious buildings reflect culture?
The design of churches, mosques, and temples reflects the beliefs and values of a culture.
p.32
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What is the dominant culture in a society?
The set of norms, values, beliefs, and practices that are most prevalent and influential.
p.48
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What are cultural universals?
Cultural universals are elements, patterns, traits, or institutions that are common to all human cultures.
p.10
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How do technological advancements affect social norms?
They often lead to changes in social norms and values.
p.54
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is cultural imperialism?
The dominance of one culture over others, often through media, education, and consumer products.
p.6
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What is material culture?
It refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture.
p.36
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What do members of subcultures often share?
A strong sense of identity and community.
p.25
Components of Culture
What is the purpose of using simple language in the song?
To emphasize the importance of cultural practices.
p.47
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What does cultural relativism encourage?
Respect for cultural diversity.
p.33
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What distinguishes subcultures from the dominant culture?
Distinct values, norms, and practices.
p.9
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
How are material and nonmaterial culture interdependent?
Material culture reflects the values and beliefs of nonmaterial culture, and nonmaterial culture can be influenced by changes in material culture.
p.41
Popular Culture vs High Culture
How does participation in high culture affect social status?
It allows the upper classes to maintain their social status and distinguish themselves from lower classes.
p.52
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
How does Eurocentrism manifest cultural superiority?
By portraying European languages, religions, and political systems as more advanced or civilized.
p.45
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What is cultural relativism?
The principle of understanding and evaluating a culture based on its own values and standards.
p.55
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What does cultural imperialism involve?
Actively spreading and enforcing one's cultural norms on others.
p.51
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is Eurocentrism?
A particular kind of ethnocentrism that emphasizes the importance and superiority of European culture and history.
p.16
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
In what way does language shape our reality?
It influences how we perceive the world.
p.38
Popular Culture vs High Culture
How does Britannica Student Encyclopedia define pop culture?
As something produced for mass consumption in the hope that it will be commonly approved.
p.12
Cultural Diversity and Change
What can contemporary fashion trends reflect?
Changing values and social movements.
p.24
Cultural Diversity and Change
What is the significance of symbols in connecting generations?
They connect the present generation with their ancestors.
p.10
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What is an example of technology influencing social norms?
The rise of social media has transformed communication and relationships.
p.48
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
How are cultural universals and relativities established?
They are negotiated and debated by people around the world.
p.46
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
What role does cultural relativism play in understanding social norms?
It helps appreciate differences without imposing external standards.
p.36
Components of Culture
How can the identity of subcultures be expressed?
Through language, clothing, and rituals.
What is a significant cultural landmark that represents material culture?
The Eiffel Tower in France.
p.13
Cultural Diversity and Change
What is an example of technology affecting cultural identity?
Social media platforms can create new forms of identity and community.
p.35
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
How do countercultures influence the dominant culture?
By introducing new ideas and prompting societal reflection and change.
p.35
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What ideals did the hippie movement advocate for?
Peace, love, and communal living.
p.9
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What can influence nonmaterial culture?
Changes in material culture, such as technological advancements.
p.53
Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Imperialism
What is cultural imperialism?
It occurs when one culture imposes its values, beliefs, and practices on another culture, often through economic or political dominance.
p.36
Cultural Diversity and Change
How do subcultures contribute to society?
They contribute to the cultural diversity of a society.
p.54
Cultural Diversity and Change
What is a consequence of cultural imperialism?
Cultural homogenization, where local cultures are overshadowed by the dominant culture.
p.49
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What is cultural imperialism?
The practice of promoting and imposing one culture over others, often through media and economic influence.
p.10
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
How has social media influenced norms?
It has influenced norms around privacy and social interaction.
p.35
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
How are countercultures often perceived?
As rebellious or radical.
p.47
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
How do cultural universals and cultural relativism work together?
They provide a balanced framework for studying cultures, acknowledging both similarities and differences.
What are examples of beliefs and values in nonmaterial culture?
Religious beliefs, moral values, and ethical standards, such as the belief in democracy and freedom in Western societies.
Give examples of food that are part of material culture.
Sushi in Japan and pasta in Italy.
p.35
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
What values did the hippie movement reject?
Mainstream values of materialism and conformity.
p.43
Cultural Relativism vs Cultural Universals
Can you give an example of a cultural universal?
Human rights, which are advocated as universal rights.
p.25
Components of Culture
What does the use of language in 'Tradition' reflect?
The oral tradition of passing down cultural knowledge and values.
p.48
Cultural Dynamics and Conflicts
What can happen at different historical periods regarding cultural norms?
Some compromises may be reached.
p.29
Cultural Diversity and Change
What is innovation in the context of cultural change?
The introduction of new ideas and objects to a culture.
p.49
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imperialism
What are the potential consequences of ethnocentrism?
It can lead to misunderstanding, conflict, and a lack of appreciation for cultural diversity.
p.33
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures
How do subcultures relate to the dominant culture?
They exist within the broader society but maintain their unique cultural identity.
p.5
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What is material culture?
Material culture refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture.
What role do symbols play in nonmaterial culture?
Symbols like flags, logos, and emblems carry specific meanings and represent ideas and concepts.
p.5
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
How do material and nonmaterial culture interact?
Material culture often reflects nonmaterial culture, as physical objects can embody the values and beliefs of a society.
p.9
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
What is the difference between material and nonmaterial culture?
Material culture is visible and easier to study, while nonmaterial culture provides the underlying framework that gives meaning to physical objects and practices.
p.5
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
Can you give an example of material culture?
Examples include buildings, clothing, tools, and art.
p.5
Material vs Nonmaterial Culture
Can you give an example of nonmaterial culture?
Examples include language, traditions, and social practices.
