p.1
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the focus of Health Promotion and Education?
To enhance health and well-being through education and promotion strategies.
p.1
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the significance of health education in health promotion?
It empowers individuals to make informed health choices.
p.9
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the definition of health according to the World Health Organization?
Health is a state of complete physical, social, and mental well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
p.77
Health Promotion Approaches
What type of approach is the professional-led behavior change method?
A 'top to down' approach.
p.90
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the social change approach in health promotion focus on?
Policy or environmental level.
p.89
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the primary focus of the social change approach in health promotion?
Changing societal behavior in physical, social, and economic environments.
p.76
Concept of Health Promotion
Why is the behavioral approach popular in health promotion?
Because it views health as an individual asset.
p.89
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the goal of creating an enabling environment in health promotion?
To build health promotion capacity.
p.34
Health Behavior Models
What has contributed to challenges in conventional medicine?
A rise in complementary therapies.
p.40
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How do social and community networks affect health?
They provide support and influence that can either sustain or damage health.
p.85
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the empowerment approach in health promotion?
An approach that focuses on helping clients develop decision-making and problem-solving skills.
p.8
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the positive definition of health?
A state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being.
p.74
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
What is a short-term evaluation goal of the medical approach?
Increase in the percentage of the target population being screened or immunized.
p.99
Health Promotion in Different Settings
Why is intersectoral collaboration important in nursing?
It may contribute to health promotion.
p.91
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the social change approach in health promotion?
It focuses on changing organizational levels and developing policies and laws.
p.34
Health Behavior Models
What concerns have alternative practitioners raised regarding conventional treatments?
Effectiveness and potentially damaging long-term effects.
p.40
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What role do living and working conditions play in health?
They affect access to facilities and services that are essential for health.
p.63
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the Ottawa Charter?
The first international conference on health promotion.
p.78
Health Behavior Models
What are examples of health behavioral changes that can be evaluated?
Quitting smoking and changing eating habits.
p.89
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the social change approach aim to adjust?
The physical, social, and fiscal environment.
p.92
Health Promotion in Different Settings
Give an example of a regulation that promotes health.
Regulations governing food labeling.
p.82
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
Give an example of the educational approach in health promotion.
Increasing knowledge in self-care of hypertension management.
p.4
Health Education and Health Promotion
What involves providing information and skills to promote health?
Health Education and Health Promotion.
p.72
Concept of Health Promotion
What are the three levels of intervention in the medical approach?
Primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention.
p.87
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the second method for empowering individuals?
Feel strongly enough to want to change their situation.
p.74
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the medical approach in health promotion?
A strategy focused on reducing disease rates and associated mortality.
p.92
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is a key characteristic of the social change approach in health promotion?
It involves legislative, organizational, or regulatory changes that promote health.
p.74
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
What is a long-term evaluation goal of the medical approach?
Reduction in disease rates and associated mortality.
p.78
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is a key role of health workers in the behavior change approach?
To seize every opportunity to teach healthy lifestyles.
p.80
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What does the educational approach in health promotion emphasize?
Personal choice, regardless of whether the choices are agreeable to the healthcare promoter.
p.101
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
Why is evaluating health promotion activities important?
For the continuous improvement of future activities.
p.78
Health Behavior Models
What is the focus of the behavior change approach in health promotion?
To evaluate any health behavioral change after the intervention.
p.99
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is one key responsibility of nurses according to the Nursing Council of Hong Kong?
Acting as a key player in intersectoral collaboration.
p.69
Concept of Health Promotion
What is a key focus of health promotion approaches?
To enhance the well-being and health of individuals and communities.
p.86
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the focus of the empowerment approach in health promotion?
Increasing people's control over their own lives.
p.69
Health Needs Assessment
How do community-based approaches contribute to health promotion?
They engage communities in identifying and addressing their health needs.
p.87
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the third method for empowering individuals?
Feel capable of changing the situation by having information, support, and life skills.
p.77
Health Promotion Approaches
What are some health behaviors targeted by the behavior change approach?
Desisting from smoking, adopting a healthy diet, and undertaking regular exercise.
p.56
Health Behavior Models
Why is health literacy important?
It helps individuals accurately interpret health information and make informed decisions about their health.
p.97
Health Across the Lifespan
At what stages of life should nurses promote self-care?
At different stages of their lives.
p.101
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What should nurses lobby for to promote public health?
Changes in public and social policies conducive to promoting the health of the population.
p.90
Concept of Health Promotion
What is considered a prerequisite for social progress in the social change approach?
Protection of population health.
p.22
Health Behavior Models
According to the Role Performance Model, can individuals with clinical illness be considered healthy?
Yes, if they can fulfill their societal roles.
p.72
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the medical approach in health promotion?
An expert-led, 'top-down' approach.
p.84
Concept of Health Promotion
How does a facilitator assist clients in the empowerment approach?
By helping them identify what they need to recognize and act on in their body and environment.
p.77
Health Promotion Approaches
What is the behavior change approach in health promotion?
A method that persuades people to change health behaviors.
p.95
Health Promotion in Different Settings
How do nurses contribute to community health promotion?
By participating in health education programs and outreach initiatives.
p.50
Health Behavior Models
What does health literacy encompass?
Skills necessary to access, assess, and use information in making life choices.
p.95
Health Needs Assessment
What responsibility do nurses have regarding patient assessments?
Conducting health assessments to identify patient needs.
p.95
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
In what way can nurses advocate for patients?
By promoting access to healthcare resources and services.
p.26
Health Behavior Models
What does the bio-psychosocial model integrate?
The social, psychological, and medical aspects of health.
p.15
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What does ill health encompass?
The experience of disease plus illness.
p.13
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are exogenous factors in relation to disease?
Factors outside the body, such as viral infections.
p.23
Health Behavior Models
What is the Adaptive Model of health?
A creative process that emphasizes resilience and adaptability.
p.94
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the aim of the medical approach to healthy eating?
To reduce morbidity and premature mortality by identifying those at risk from disease.
p.81
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
Give an example of a method used in the behavioral aspect of learning.
Role play, demonstration.
p.13
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are endogenous factors in relation to disease?
Factors inside the body, such as inadequate thyroid function.
p.33
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
What is one goal of reforms affecting clinical autonomy?
To control and regulate expenditure.
p.40
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What do individual lifestyle factors include?
Personal behaviors, lifestyle choices, knowledge, awareness, and skills that can enable change.
p.97
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How should a nurse assist individuals in health promotion?
By providing information and education.
p.40
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are some examples of general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions?
Pollution levels, standards of living, and labor market conditions.
p.88
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the focus of the empowerment approach in health promotion?
To empower individuals and communities to take control of their health.
p.88
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
How is the success of the empowerment approach evaluated?
By assessing the extent to which specific aims have been met.
p.80
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
Is the educational approach intended to motivate people towards specific behaviors?
No, it is not intended to motivate people in certain directions, but hopes to lead them to an outcome.
p.93
Concept of Health Promotion
What is one approach to health promotion focused on emotional health?
Enhancing mental well-being.
p.102
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is one responsibility of a nurse regarding health promotion?
Upkeeping knowledge of health promotion.
p.98
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is a key responsibility of a nurse in health promotion?
To adopt various health promotion strategies.
p.93
Concept of Health Promotion
Which health promotion approach addresses issues related to excessive alcohol consumption?
Tackling alcohol-related harm.
p.86
Concept of Health Promotion
What is an example of self-empowerment in health promotion?
Client-centered counseling.
p.4
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What are the duties of nurses in promoting health?
Roles and responsibilities of Nurses in Health Promotion.
p.81
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What does the cognitive aspect of learning focus on?
Information and understanding.
p.104
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
Who are the authors of 'Health Promotion: Strategies and Methods'?
Egger, Spark, and Donovan.
p.104
Concept of Health Promotion
What foundational aspects does Naidoo and Wills' book cover?
Foundations for health promotion.
p.104
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What does the Nursing Council of Hong Kong's guide focus on?
Good nursing practice in health promotion.
p.5
Concept of Health Promotion
How does the World Health Organization define health?
As a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
p.23
Health Behavior Models
What characteristics define healthy people according to the Adaptive Model?
They are resilient and hardy.
p.65
Concept of Health Promotion
What aspects are included in health promotion?
Disease prevention, health education, cultural, social, and political development.
p.96
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What leadership role do nurses have in health promotion?
Leader / member of a profession.
p.100
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What role does a nurse play in health promotion?
A nurse promotes health in various settings, including schools, workplaces, hospitals, and communities.
p.64
Concept of Health Promotion
What key aspects does the Ottawa Charter emphasize beyond individual lifestyle?
Wellbeing, community empowerment, and participation.
p.21
Concept of Health Promotion
Is the Medical Model still prevalent in healthcare settings?
Yes, it is still dominant in many health care settings.
p.54
Health Behavior Models
How does low health literacy affect hospitalization rates?
It may induce a higher rate of hospitalization and emergency care.
p.51
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is Critical health literacy?
The ability to critically analyze information and make informed health decisions.
p.40
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are genetic and biological factors?
Factors that influence health status based on an individual's genetics and biological makeup.
p.97
Health Needs Assessment
What is one of the primary responsibilities of a nurse in health promotion?
Assessing health needs of individuals.
p.34
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What approach emphasizes patient involvement in treatment decisions?
Patient-centered care and shared decision making.
p.79
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the aim of the educational approach in health promotion?
To provide information and facts, and to develop relevant skills for individuals to make knowledgeable choices about their health.
p.97
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What types of conditions should nurses help individuals cope with?
Acute and chronic illnesses and injuries.
p.83
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the aim of the empowerment approach in health promotion?
To help people identify their own concerns and gain the skills and confidence to take greater control over their health.
p.22
Health Behavior Models
What does the Role Performance Model define health as?
An individual's ability to fulfill societal roles, such as occupational or familial roles.
p.85
Concept of Health Promotion
What skills does the empowerment approach encourage clients to develop?
Decision-making and problem-solving skills.
p.85
Concept of Health Promotion
What type of thinking does the empowerment approach promote?
Critical thinking and critical action.
p.22
Health Behavior Models
Can individuals in unsatisfying jobs or marriages achieve optimal health according to the Role Performance Model?
This is a question posed by the model, suggesting that fulfillment in roles is crucial for health.
p.102
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How can a nurse maintain their knowledge of health promotion?
By conducting research on health promotion information and programs.
p.95
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is one key role of nurses in health promotion?
Educating patients about healthy lifestyle choices.
p.81
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What are the three aspects of learning in the educational approach to health promotion?
Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral.
p.72
Concept of Health Promotion
What is secondary prevention?
Interventions aimed at early detection and treatment of disease.
p.93
Concept of Health Promotion
Which health promotion approach encourages new mothers to feed their infants with breast milk?
Encouraging breastfeeding.
p.72
Concept of Health Promotion
What is tertiary prevention?
Interventions aimed at reducing the impact of an ongoing illness or injury.
p.75
Health Promotion Approaches
What does the medical approach ignore?
Root causes of ill-health.
p.13
Health Behavior Models
What is the definition of disease?
An objective state of ill health characterized by the existence of some pathology or abnormality of the body.
p.104
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the main subject of 'Health Promotion in Nursing' by Maville and Huerta?
Health promotion practices within nursing.
p.46
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the primary focus of social justice?
The concept of fairness in relations between individuals in society.
p.95
Health Behavior Models
How do nurses support behavior change in patients?
By providing counseling and motivational support.
p.97
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the goal of educating individuals about their health needs?
To enable them to promote health and assume self-care.
p.8
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the negative definition of health?
Absence of disease or illness.
p.76
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the main aim of the behavior change approach in health promotion?
To inspire individuals to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors, use preventive health services, and take responsibility for their own health.
p.88
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
What is a challenge in evaluating the empowerment approach?
The results may appear to be vague.
p.92
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is another example of a health promotion regulation?
A ban on tobacco sponsorship.
p.85
Concept of Health Promotion
What are some methods used in the empowerment approach?
Advocacy, negotiation, networking, and facilitation.
p.86
Concept of Health Promotion
What method is used for self-empowerment in health promotion?
Non-directive, client-centered approaches.
p.72
Concept of Health Promotion
What is primary prevention?
Interventions aimed at preventing disease before it occurs.
p.104
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the focus of the report by CUHK Institute of Health Equity (2022)?
Health Inequalities in Hong Kong: A Life Course Approach.
p.91
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What are some methods used in the social change approach?
Implementation of healthy public policy, lobbying, and legislation.
p.104
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the aim of the Department of Health's 2020 strategy?
To prevent and control non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Hong Kong.
p.81
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
Give an example of a method used in the cognitive aspect of learning.
Provision of leaflets and booklets, visual display.
p.50
Health Behavior Models
What are some skills involved in health literacy?
Cognitive ability and personal skills.
p.68
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the fourth priority action area for health promotion?
Developing personal skills.
p.65
Concept of Health Promotion
What is health promotion?
An umbrella term incorporating aspects of disease prevention, health education, cultural, social, and political development.
p.45
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is health equity?
The highest attainable level of health for all people.
p.68
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the fifth priority action area for health promotion?
Reorienting health services.
p.28
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the medical model's definition of health?
Health is defined as the absence of disease and illness.
p.94
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What method is used in the medical approach to identify high-risk groups?
Screening or individual risk assessment, such as measuring body mass index.
p.65
Concept of Health Promotion
How does health promotion differ from health education?
Health promotion encompasses a broader range of factors including disease prevention and social development, while health education focuses specifically on teaching about health.
p.46
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What does social justice advocate for in terms of resources?
Equal access to wealth, opportunities, and social privileges.
p.3
Health Behavior Models
What is the significance of integrating models of behavioral change in health education?
It helps in understanding how to effectively encourage individuals to adopt healthier behaviors.
p.26
Health Behavior Models
What psychological factors are included in the bio-psychosocial model?
Personality, self-esteem, and coping.
p.53
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the relationship between health literacy and social gradient?
Lower levels of health literacy are much more common among the socially and economically disadvantaged.
p.5
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What role do social determinants play in health?
They influence health outcomes and access to healthcare services.
p.5
Health Behavior Models
What is the relationship between health and lifestyle?
Lifestyle choices significantly impact overall health and risk of diseases.
p.101
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
What should a nurse include in the initial planning for health promotion activities?
Strategies for evaluating their effectiveness and health outcomes.
p.101
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What role does a nurse play in advocating for individuals and communities?
A nurse should advocate for community development and social involvement.
p.82
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the educational approach in health promotion?
An approach that focuses on increasing knowledge about health-related topics.
p.80
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the main assumption of the educational approach in health promotion?
Increasing knowledge will lead to a change in attitudes, which may result in a change in behavior.
p.63
Concept of Health Promotion
What was the aim of the Ottawa Charter?
To achieve Health for All by the year 2000 and beyond.
p.87
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the empowerment approach in health promotion?
An approach that focuses on enabling individuals to recognize and change their powerlessness.
p.99
Health Promotion in Different Settings
How should nurses contribute to health promotion strategies?
By partnering with other interested parties.
p.69
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What role does education play in health promotion?
Education empowers individuals to make informed health choices.
p.75
Health Promotion Approaches
What is a key advantage of the medical approach to health promotion?
People sometimes want to be told what to do.
p.102
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What should nurses do with their research findings?
Disseminate research findings to build a scientific database for evidence-based practice.
p.48
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the focus of the report 'Health Inequalities in Hong Kong: A Life Course Approach'?
It examines health inequalities in Hong Kong.
p.102
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the purpose of building a scientific database in nursing?
To support the development of evidence-based practice.
p.15
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the definition of ill health?
A state of poor health when there is some disease or impairment, but not usually serious enough to curtail all activities.
p.104
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the title of the book by Green et al. (2015)?
Health Promotion: Planning & Strategies.
p.95
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is an important aspect of nursing practice in health promotion?
Collaborating with other healthcare professionals.
p.3
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What principles are important in teaching and learning within healthcare settings?
Principles include understanding the learner's needs, creating a supportive environment, and using effective communication strategies.
p.56
Health Behavior Models
What can happen if individuals inaccurately interpret health information?
They may take medications incorrectly, increasing the risk of medication-related complications.
p.38
Concept of Health Promotion
How is health defined in terms of fitness according to Seedhouse (1986)?
Health as mental and physical fitness.
p.53
Health Behavior Models
How does improving health literacy benefit individuals?
It enhances their capacity for making informed choices on health issues and improves access to health services and resources.
p.46
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What type of theory is social justice considered?
A political and philosophical theory.
p.21
Concept of Health Promotion
How is health defined in the Medical Model?
As the absence of disease or injury.
p.71
Health Promotion Approaches
What does the medical approach seek to increase?
Clinical interventions to prevent disease.
p.51
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What does Interactive / Communicative health literacy involve?
The ability to engage in discussions and communicate effectively about health.
p.30
Health Behavior Models
How is medicine viewed in terms of social control?
As a powerful means of social control through categories like disease, illness, madness, and deviancy.
p.12
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What factors determine well-being?
Social, economic, and environmental conditions.
p.98
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What should a nurse acquire to effectively promote health?
Specialized skills and competence through continuous learning.
p.87
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the first method for empowering individuals?
Recognize and understand their powerlessness.
p.4
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What are the various strategies used to enhance health?
Health Promotion Approaches.
p.68
Concept of Health Promotion
What are the fundamental conditions and resources for health?
Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity.
p.75
Health Promotion Approaches
What expertise do health experts provide in the medical approach?
Relevant knowledge and expertise.
p.68
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the first priority action area for health promotion according to the Ottawa Charter?
Building healthy public policy.
p.68
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the second priority action area for health promotion?
Creating supportive environments.
p.68
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the third priority action area for health promotion?
Strengthening community action.
p.33
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What has been a challenge to clinical autonomy?
Managerialism and reforms enhancing managers' power to control clinicians' activities.
p.55
Health Behavior Models
What is a consequence of low health literacy in communication with healthcare providers?
Poor quality of communication.
p.55
Health Behavior Models
How does low health literacy impact the benefits received from health education?
People with low health literacy benefit less due to difficulty in reading health information and instructions.
p.56
Health Behavior Models
What is an example of a consequence of low health literacy related to cancer screening?
People may be unaware of the launch of cancer screening programs due to insufficient media coverage or unclear health messages.
p.52
Health Behavior Models
What does interactive/communicative health literacy involve?
Advanced skills that allow an individual to obtain, extract, and derive meaning from health information and apply it to changing circumstances.
p.64
Concept of Health Promotion
What shift did the Ottawa Charter promote in health promotion models?
It steered health promotion away from individual behavior change towards a socio-ecological approach.
p.12
Concept of Health Promotion
What is well-being?
A positive state experienced by individuals and societies.
p.45
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What factors contribute to health inequities?
Historical and contemporary injustices or socioeconomic disadvantage.
p.27
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What social factors are often overlooked by the medical model?
Socioeconomic status, environment, and lifestyle choices.
p.54
Health Behavior Models
What is a consequence of low health literacy?
Individuals may participate in unhealthy lifestyles or delay treatment.
p.71
Health Promotion Approaches
What is the clinical method's focus in the medical approach?
Treatment of diseases to prevent complications and premature death.
p.37
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the Western scientific medical model of health primarily focused on?
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
p.38
Health Behavior Models
Why is it important for health promoters to understand health beliefs?
Because people's explanations for their health and illness are complex.
p.43
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the relationship between socio-economic status and health?
There is a relationship between mortality and morbidity and social class.
Which ethnic minority groups in the UK were at greater risk of COVID-19 death during Wave 2?
People from Pakistani and Bangladeshi backgrounds.
p.37
Concept of Health Promotion
How does the Western medical model view health?
As the absence of disease.
p.94
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the aim of the social change approach?
To bring about changes in the physical, social, and economic environment to promote healthy eating.
p.30
Health Behavior Models
What critical decisions are doctors involved in?
Decisions related to the beginning and end of life, such as termination of pregnancy, assisted reproduction, neonatal care, and euthanasia.
p.84
Concept of Health Promotion
What do clients do in the empowerment approach?
Identify their concerns and work with the health promoter to plan a program of action.
p.98
Health Promotion in Different Settings
How can nurses help individuals in health promotion?
By helping them build capacity to control their own health and make healthy life choices.
p.98
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the relationship between nurse capacity and client capacity?
Nurse capacity contributes to client capacity in health management.
p.75
Health Promotion Approaches
What is a major disadvantage of the medical approach?
It relies on patient compliance with preventive medical procedures.
p.1
Health Needs Assessment
What role does assessment play in health promotion?
It identifies the health needs of a population to tailor interventions.
p.55
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How does improving health literacy affect partnerships with healthcare providers?
It facilitates better partnerships, resulting in better treatment outcomes.
p.1
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is a key component of designing health promotion plans?
Setting clear, measurable objectives.
p.81
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
Provide an example of a method used in the affective aspect of learning.
Group discussion, one-to-one counseling.
p.15
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How serious is the condition of ill health?
It is not usually serious enough to curtail all activities.
p.3
Health Behavior Models
What are health-related behaviors?
Actions individuals take that affect their health, such as diet, exercise, and smoking.
p.21
Concept of Health Promotion
How are people viewed in the Medical Model?
As physiological systems with related functions.
p.7
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the origin of the word 'health'?
It is derived from the Old English word 'hael'.
p.16
Health Behavior Models
What is the relationship between disease and illness?
Disease refers to the pathological condition, while illness is the subjective experience of the individual.
p.54
Health Behavior Models
Why is health literacy important?
It influences participation in health screenings and treatment decisions.
p.31
Health Behavior Models
What is a key characteristic of the medical model in terms of population health?
Medicine acts as surveillance through mass screening programs.
p.94
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the aim of the empowerment approach?
To help people identify their own concerns and gain skills and confidence for healthy eating.
p.14
Health Behavior Models
What is illness?
The subjective experience of loss of health, often described in terms of symptoms like pains or aches.
p.60
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What model is health education based on?
Expert authority model derived from medicine and education.
p.38
Health Needs Assessment
How might health promoters understand the health beliefs of individuals?
By engaging with them and conducting assessments or surveys.
p.62
Concept of Health Promotion
What is health promotion?
A range of activities and interventions that enable people to take greater control over their health.
p.25
Health Behavior Models
What indicates health in the Agent-Host-Environment Model?
When the three elements are in balance.
p.24
Concept of Health Promotion
What condition does illness represent in the Eudaimonistics Model?
A condition that prevents self-actualization.
p.18
Health Behavior Models
What occurs in Stage 4 of illness?
The individual assumes a dependent role, follows the prescribed treatment plan, and adjusts to their daily schedule.
p.60
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the underlying principle of health education?
To facilitate people to make their own choices about health behavior.
p.37
Concept of Health Promotion
What is often overlooked in the Western scientific medical model?
Social, environmental, and psychological factors affecting health.
p.67
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What role does community involvement play in health promotion?
It fosters support and resources for health initiatives.
p.36
Health Behavior Models
How do participants describe behavioral contributors to poor health?
As 'coping' mechanisms or forms of escape.
p.29
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What role do social factors play in determining health?
Social factors significantly influence health outcomes, including living conditions, sanitation, and nutrition.
p.36
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What are the two main issues concerning lay vs professional concepts of health?
1. Poor communication between health worker and client 2. Clients' lack of compliance with prescribed treatment regimen.
p.1
Health Behavior Models
How does health promotion contribute to community health?
By addressing health behaviors and encouraging healthier lifestyles.
p.86
Concept of Health Promotion
What does community empowerment involve?
Identifying community concerns and planning action programs.
p.48
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
Which institution published the report on health inequalities in Hong Kong?
CUHK Institute of Health Equity.
p.77
Health Promotion Approaches
What is a method of providing personalized support in the behavior change approach?
One-to-one advice or counseling.
p.50
Health Behavior Models
Why is health literacy important?
It helps individuals make informed life choices.
p.28
Health Behavior Models
What contributed to the disappearance of most fatal diseases in the 19th century?
Antibiotics and immunization programs.
p.5
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the importance of health promotion?
It aims to enhance the well-being of individuals and communities by encouraging healthy behaviors.
p.94
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the aim of the educational approach to healthy eating?
To increase knowledge and develop skills about healthy eating.
p.64
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the socio-ecological version of health promotion address?
Structural determinants of health.
p.21
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the primary focus of the Medical Model?
Relief of signs and symptoms of disease and elimination of malfunction and pain.
What was the mortality rate for COVID-19 in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas in the UK as of January 2021?
1.8 times higher in the most deprived areas.
p.16
Health Behavior Models
What does the subjective experience of illness refer to?
It refers to how an individual perceives and experiences their health condition, which can be positive or negative.
p.24
Concept of Health Promotion
What is considered the highest aspiration of people according to the Eudaimonistics Model?
Fulfillment and complete development (actualization).
p.12
Concept of Health Promotion
What does well-being encompass?
Quality of life and the ability to contribute meaningfully to society.
p.58
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the primary focus of health education?
To provide individuals with knowledge and skills to make informed health decisions.
p.14
Health Behavior Models
Is illness a diagnosis?
No, it is not a kind of diagnosis.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact health inequalities in the UK?
It exacerbated existing inequalities, particularly affecting deprived areas and certain ethnic minority groups.
p.37
Concept of Health Promotion
What role do healthcare professionals play in the Western medical model?
They are seen as the primary authority in diagnosing and treating health issues.
p.31
Health Behavior Models
How might lifestyle factors influence medical decisions in the medical model?
Deservingness for surgery may be linked to lifestyle factors.
p.49
Health Behavior Models
Why is health literacy important?
It empowers individuals to make informed health choices, leading to better health outcomes.
p.70
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the medical approach in health promotion focus on?
Preventing and treating diseases through medical interventions.
p.42
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What characteristics define health inequalities?
They are systemic, avoidable, unfair, unjust, and sustained over time and generations.
p.73
Health Promotion Approaches
What is the goal of primary prevention in health promotion?
Preventing the onset of illness and disease.
p.57
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is one way to empower health literacy?
By adding capacity for decision-making.
p.70
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the goal of the educational approach in health promotion?
To inform and educate individuals about health issues.
p.57
Health Needs Assessment
How can access to health services be improved to enhance health literacy?
By improving access to health services.
p.39
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How does access to healthcare influence health?
Access to healthcare services is crucial for maintaining and improving health.
p.42
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are protected characteristics that can influence health inequalities?
Age, sex, race, sexual orientation, and disability.
p.69
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is the significance of policy in health promotion?
Policies can create environments that support healthy behaviors.
p.69
Role of Mass Media in Health Promotion
How can mass media be utilized in health promotion?
Mass media can raise awareness and disseminate health information.
p.91
Designing Health Promotion Plans
Give an example of a policy developed through the social change approach.
Nutritional standards of school meals.
p.33
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is clinical autonomy?
The freedom of clinicians to make decisions based on their professional judgment and specialist knowledge.
p.3
Concept of Health Promotion
What are the basic concepts of health, health education, and health promotion?
Health refers to overall well-being; health education involves teaching about health; health promotion focuses on enabling individuals to improve their health.
p.5
Concept of Health Promotion
What are the key concepts of health?
Health encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease.
p.38
Concept of Health Promotion
What is one implication for health promotion according to Seedhouse (1986) and WHO?
Health as an ideal state.
p.26
Health Behavior Models
What biological factors are considered in the bio-psychosocial model?
Genetics and physiological factors.
p.3
Health Needs Assessment
How can health needs of individuals and populations be identified?
Through assessments, surveys, and analysis of health data.
p.33
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are some factors influencing challenges to medicine?
Cultural and political involvement.
p.45
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What principle is essential to health equity?
Valuing all individuals and populations equally.
p.94
Health Behavior Models
What methods are used in the behavior change approach?
Persuasion through one-to-one advice or counseling and mass media campaigns.
p.27
Health Behavior Models
What is a critique of the medical model regarding the role of medicine?
It may overly emphasize medicine's role in determining health.
p.52
Health Behavior Models
What is critical health literacy?
The highest level of skills to critically analyze and use information to exert greater control over life events and situations.
p.3
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is involved in devising a health education and promotion plan?
Assessing needs, setting goals, developing strategies, and evaluating outcomes.
p.23
Health Behavior Models
What is necessary for maintaining health according to the Adaptive Model?
Continuous readjustment to life's stressful demands.
p.27
Health Behavior Models
How can medicine act as a means of social control?
By influencing societal norms and behaviors related to health.
p.64
Concept of Health Promotion
What principles does the Ottawa Charter highlight?
Ecological sustainability, holism, and interdependency.
p.14
Health Behavior Models
How is illness characterized?
As a state of feeling ill or a period of sickness affecting an individual's body or mind.
p.67
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the primary focus of health promotion?
To enhance the health and well-being of individuals and communities.
p.24
Concept of Health Promotion
How is health defined in the Eudaimonistics Model?
As a condition of actualization and realization of people's potential.
p.18
Health Behavior Models
What characterizes Stage 3 of illness?
Medical care contact, where symptoms persist despite home remedies, motivating the individual to seek professional health services.
p.20
Health Behavior Models
What is the Medical Model of health?
A model that focuses on the absence of disease and the biological aspects of health.
p.58
Concept of Health Promotion
How does health promotion differ from health education?
Health promotion encompasses a broader range of activities aimed at improving overall health, while health education specifically focuses on imparting knowledge.
p.43
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
Why is employment considered an important social determinant of health?
Employment affects income, self-esteem, and overall health.
p.32
Health Behavior Models
What is clinical iatrogenesis?
Ill health caused by ineffective and unsafe medical interventions, such as side effects of prescribed medicine or cross-infection in hospitals.
p.18
Health Behavior Models
What is Stage 5 of illness?
Recovery or rehabilitation, where the individual resumes normal activities and responsibilities.
p.2
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the primary focus of health promotion?
To enhance the health and well-being of individuals and communities.
p.96
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is the role of nurses in managing patient care?
Coordinator / Case manager.
p.95
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
What role do nurses play in evaluating health promotion efforts?
Assessing the effectiveness of health promotion interventions.
p.52
Health Behavior Models
What is basic/functional health literacy?
Basic skills in reading and writing to enable individuals to function effectively in everyday situations and make informed health decisions.
p.71
Health Promotion Approaches
What is the primary focus of the medical approach in health promotion?
Reducing morbidity and mortality.
p.27
Health Behavior Models
What is the medical model in healthcare?
A framework that focuses on biological factors in determining health.
p.51
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What are the three levels of health literacy according to Nutbeam (2000)?
1. Basic / Functional health literacy 2. Interactive / Communicative health literacy 3. Critical health literacy.
p.23
Health Behavior Models
How is disease defined in the context of the Adaptive Model?
As the failure to respond to changes to maintain stability (adaptation).
p.53
Health Behavior Models
What are the consequences of low health literacy?
People with low health literacy experience worse health outcomes due to poor knowledge of health conditions, affecting disease prevention behavior and personal health management.
p.24
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the Eudaimonistics Model emphasize about health?
A comprehensive view of health focused on fulfillment and complete development.
p.18
Health Behavior Models
What is Stage 1 of illness according to Suchman (1979)?
Symptom experience, where an individual recognizes physical discomfort or limitations in functioning.
p.30
Health Behavior Models
What role do doctors play in the medical model?
Doctors are in a powerful position as they make diagnoses.
p.60
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
Who decides if there is a health need in the expert authority model?
The health educator or doctor.
p.12
Concept of Health Promotion
According to WHO, what is essential for well-being?
A sense of meaning and purpose.
p.60
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What role does the health educator or doctor play in health education?
They decide the nature of intervention and try to ensure compliance.
p.14
Health Behavior Models
What are the three categories of health problems according to Cornwell (1984)?
Normal illness, real illness, and health problems.
p.39
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are determinants of health?
Factors that influence the health status of individuals or populations.
p.59
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What skills does health education aim to equip individuals with?
Skills and confidence to make health-related changes.
p.43
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What gender differences exist in health behaviors?
Women are more willing to consult a GP, while men are less likely to participate in national bowel cancer screening programs.
p.62
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the Ottawa Charter, 1986, state about health promotion?
It emphasizes that health promotion goes beyond healthy lifestyles to encompass well-being.
p.41
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How does governance influence health?
Through safety and security, human rights, participation, and economic development.
p.19
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How can illness affect a client's self-concept?
It can lead to changes in belief and self-image.
p.2
Health Needs Assessment
What is the purpose of a health needs assessment?
To identify the health needs of a population.
p.6
Health Across the Lifespan
What causes you to become unhealthy?
I become unhealthy when I neglect my diet and skip exercise.
p.57
Concept of Health Promotion
How can health literacy promote better health?
By promoting better health for oneself, family members, and the wider community.
p.2
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
Why is evaluating a health promotion plan important?
To assess its effectiveness and make necessary adjustments.
p.6
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How has a situation affected your health?
A situation affected my health by increasing my stress levels, leading to poor eating habits.
p.7
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the term 'health' encompass?
It concerns 'the whole person' and their integrity, soundness, or well-being.
p.26
Health Behavior Models
What social and environmental factors are explored in the bio-psychosocial model?
Relationships, employment, and income.
p.94
Health Behavior Models
What is the aim of the behavior change approach?
To encourage individuals to take responsibility for their own health and adopt healthier eating habits.
p.71
Health Promotion Approaches
Who are the target groups for activities in the medical approach?
Whole populations or high-risk groups.
p.7
Concept of Health Promotion
Can the concept of health be culturally specific?
Yes, it can vary based on cultural contexts.
p.16
Health Behavior Models
What is the objective of disease diagnosis?
To identify the presence of disease, which can be either positive or negative.
p.94
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What methods are used in the educational approach?
Provision of information, exploration of attitudes, and development of skills.
p.7
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the broad concept of health imply?
It has a huge range of meanings.
p.94
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What methods are used in the empowerment approach?
Advocacy, negotiation, networking, and facilitation.
p.25
Health Behavior Models
What are the three elements of the Agent-Host-Environment Model?
Agent, Host, Environment.
p.31
Health Behavior Models
What potential issue arises from mass screening programs?
They may invite new forms of control in the name of health.
p.59
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How does health education provide support to individuals?
By providing information.
p.94
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What methods are used in the social change approach?
Development of organizational policy and implementation of healthy public policy.
p.62
Concept of Health Promotion
Who can health promotion activities be directed at?
Individuals, families, communities, or whole populations.
p.67
Concept of Health Promotion
What is a key strategy in health promotion?
Empowering individuals to take control of their health.
p.41
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What psycho-social factors can affect health?
Family network, hazardous social environment, and ethnic minorities.
p.62
Concept of Health Promotion
Is health promotion solely the responsibility of the health sector?
No, it goes beyond the health sector to include well-being.
p.49
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What factors can affect health literacy?
Education level, socioeconomic status, and access to health information.
p.20
Health Behavior Models
What does the Eudaimonistic Model focus on?
Health as a holistic state of well-being, including physical, mental, and social aspects.
p.58
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
Why is evaluating health promotion programs important?
To assess their effectiveness and make necessary adjustments for better outcomes.
p.39
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What role does environment play in health?
Environmental factors can impact physical and mental health.
p.49
Health Behavior Models
What role does health literacy play in chronic disease management?
It helps patients understand their conditions and adhere to treatment plans.
p.66
Concept of Health Promotion
What are some methods beyond education used in health promotion?
Community mobilization, development and empowerment, networking, coalition building, lobbying, and policy development.
p.42
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
Why are health inequalities considered beyond individual control?
Because they are systemic and influenced by broader socio-economic factors.
p.2
Role of Mass Media in Health Promotion
How does mass media influence health promotion?
By disseminating health information and shaping public perceptions.
p.6
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How has an event affected your health?
An event affected my health by motivating me to participate in a wellness program.
p.19
Health Across the Lifespan
What emotional impact can illness have on families?
It can lead to feelings of loneliness due to separation and pending loss.
p.45
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What does health equity aim to achieve?
Optimal health for all groups.
p.3
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What are some contemporary health issues in health education and promotion?
Issues include obesity, mental health, substance abuse, and chronic diseases.
p.51
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is Basic / Functional health literacy?
The ability to read and understand basic health information.
p.38
Concept of Health Promotion
How is health perceived in terms of personal attributes?
Health as personal strength.
p.12
Concept of Health Promotion
How is well-being similar to health?
Both are resources for daily life.
p.3
Health Across the Lifespan
How does health education and promotion vary across the lifespan?
It addresses different health needs and challenges at various life stages, from childhood to older adulthood.
p.59
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is health education?
Planned opportunities for people to learn about health and make changes in their behavior.
p.18
Health Behavior Models
What happens in Stage 2 of illness?
The individual assumes the sick role and tries alternatives to relieve symptoms.
p.36
Concept of Health Promotion
What are the five common concepts of health according to Blaxter (1990)?
1. Health as not-ill 2. Health as physical fitness, vitality 3. Health as social relationships 4. Health as function 5. Health as psychosocial well-being.
p.54
Health Behavior Models
What challenge do individuals with limited health literacy face?
They struggle with understanding health-related information.
p.17
Health Behavior Models
What is one obligation of clients in the Sick Role?
Clients are obliged to try to get well as quickly as possible.
p.25
Health Behavior Models
What does the Agent-Host-Environment Model extend from?
The individual to the surrounding community.
p.57
Health Behavior Models
How does improving health literacy affect the healthcare system?
It eases the burden on the healthcare system and allows for better allocation of resources.
p.24
Concept of Health Promotion
According to Pender, Murdaugh & Parsons, how is health realized?
Through goal-directed behaviors, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships while adapting to social and physical environments.
p.20
Health Behavior Models
What is the Adaptive Model of health?
A model that views health as the ability to adapt to changes and challenges in life.
p.41
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are proximate determinants of health?
Poverty and social status.
p.2
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is an essential component of effective teaching in healthcare?
Understanding the learning needs and styles of patients.
p.19
Health Behavior Models
What are some behavioral changes a client might experience due to illness?
Examples include quitting smoking.
p.66
Concept of Health Promotion
What is health promotion?
An umbrella term incorporating aspects of disease prevention, education, cultural, social, and political development.
p.41
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What impact do war and disasters have on health?
They are considered structural determinants that negatively affect health.
p.20
Health Behavior Models
What does the Biopsychosocial Model integrate?
Biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.
p.19
Health Across the Lifespan
What role changes might a family experience due to a member's illness?
There may be role changes and task reassignments.
p.39
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How do social networks influence health?
Strong social networks can provide support and resources that improve health.
p.73
Health Promotion Approaches
What is the aim of tertiary prevention?
Reducing further disability and suffering in those already ill.
p.2
Health Across the Lifespan
Why is health promotion important across the lifespan?
It addresses health needs at every stage of life.
p.31
Health Behavior Models
What is the purpose of mass screening programs in the medical model?
To identify the 'abnormal' few with 'invisible' diseases.
p.100
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How can nurses help individuals regarding health determinants?
By raising awareness of changing health determinants and individual responsibilities.
p.100
Concept of Health Promotion
What is one way nurses can remove obstacles to health promotion?
By educating individuals about their responsibilities in controlling health determinants.
p.64
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the focus shift from individual to in the Ottawa Charter?
From individual to community.
p.37
Concept of Health Promotion
What is a key characteristic of the Western scientific medical model?
Emphasis on evidence-based practices.
p.43
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What impact does housing have on health?
Cold and damp housing has been shown to contribute to illness.
p.30
Health Behavior Models
What is a major argument against the medical model?
It may subvert human autonomy.
p.49
Health Behavior Models
What is health literacy?
The ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make informed health decisions.
p.62
Concept of Health Promotion
What does health promotion emphasize according to WHO, 1990?
Personal, social, political, and institutional resources, as well as physical capacities.
p.42
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are health inequalities?
Avoidable and unfair differences in health status between groups of people based on socio-economic status or gender.
p.36
Concept of Health Promotion
What does the concept of 'release' imply in health behavior?
Taking known risks, such as binge drinking.
p.17
Health Behavior Models
How does illness relate to social dimensions according to the Sick Role concept?
Illness is not purely a biological state but has a social dimension.
p.6
Health Across the Lifespan
What makes you feel healthy?
I feel healthy when I maintain a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
p.17
Health Behavior Models
What social expectations are applied to the sick?
Social expectations are applied to the sick regarding their behavior and responsibilities.
p.32
Health Behavior Models
What are the consequences of medicalization according to Illich?
It may create unrealistic health demands and lead to a loss of coping and self-care rights.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How do health educators work with clients?
They help identify needs and work towards informed choices.
p.29
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How does health reflect societal conditions?
Health mirrors the distribution of material resources within society.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What does critical empowerment strategy include?
Health literacy, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and coping skills.
p.73
Health Promotion Approaches
Provide an example of secondary prevention.
Screening tests like Papanicolaou (Pap) smear or cancer screening.
p.2
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What is a consideration when promoting health in different settings?
The unique characteristics and needs of each setting.
p.66
Health Behavior Models
What are examples of legislation related to health promotion?
Legislation on food advertising/labeling and restricting access to unhealthy products in school shops.
p.73
Health Promotion Approaches
Give an example of tertiary prevention.
Rehabilitation, patient education, or palliative care.
p.59
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is one goal of health education?
Raising awareness of health issues and factors contributing to ill health.
p.43
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How does income affect health?
Better health is strongly associated with higher income; poverty affects dietary intake, hazard exposure, access to healthcare services, self-care, and habits.
p.17
Health Behavior Models
What are the two rights of clients in the Sick Role according to Parson (1951)?
Clients are not held responsible for their condition and are excused from certain social roles and tasks.
p.11
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the ultimate goal in the concept of wellness?
An ultimate goal of well-being.
p.32
Health Behavior Models
What is the main argument of Illich regarding the medical model?
Doctors and health workers contribute to ill health and create harm (iatrogenesis).
p.11
Concept of Health Promotion
How is wellness described in terms of process?
As a dynamic, growing process.
p.30
Health Behavior Models
What do some critics argue about the authority of medicine?
That medicine operates beyond its legitimate area of authority.
p.25
Health Behavior Models
How are the elements in the Agent-Host-Environment Model described?
As dynamic and interactive.
p.58
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What are some common methods used in health education?
Workshops, seminars, printed materials, and digital resources.
p.67
Evaluating Health Promotion Plans
What is the importance of evaluating health promotion efforts?
To assess effectiveness and improve future programs.
p.10
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What does the societal dimension of health refer to?
The link between health and the way a society is structured, including infrastructure like shelter, peace, food, income, and social integration.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is the role of a health educator?
To act as a facilitator and enabler rather than an expert.
p.10
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is emphasized in the environmental dimension of health?
The importance of a good physical environment, including quality housing, transport, sanitation, and pure water facilities.
p.32
Health Behavior Models
How can unrealistic expectations generated by medicine affect individuals?
They may result in a loss of autonomous coping skills in dealing with pain, suffering, and death.
p.73
Health Promotion Approaches
What is the focus of secondary prevention?
Preventing the progression of illness and disease through early diagnosis.
p.10
Health Across the Lifespan
What is the mental dimension of health characterized by?
A positive sense of purpose and an underlying belief in one’s own worth.
p.29
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What do people often ignore that contributes to health inequalities?
The distribution of wealth, income, housing, and employment.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is health literacy?
The ability to understand and use health information effectively.
p.66
Health Behavior Models
How does health promotion influence behavior change?
By endorsing voluntary change and utilizing measures that compel behavior change, such as increasing insurance premiums for smokers.
p.54
Health Behavior Models
What percentage of Americans have limited health literacy skills?
Nearly 9 out of 10 Americans.
p.67
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How does health education contribute to health promotion?
By providing knowledge and skills to make informed health choices.
p.41
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What physical environmental factors influence health?
Housing, water, sanitation, air and food pollution, waste disposal, and pest control.
p.20
Health Behavior Models
What does the Role Performance Model emphasize?
Health is defined by the ability to perform social roles and fulfill responsibilities.
p.58
Health Needs Assessment
What role does community involvement play in health promotion?
Community involvement is crucial for identifying health needs and implementing effective health promotion strategies.
p.32
Health Behavior Models
What does social iatrogenesis refer to?
The medicalization of life that creates unrealistic health demands, leading to a loss of coping and the right to self-care.
p.70
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the behavioral approach in health promotion?
Encouraging individuals to adopt healthier behaviors.
p.32
Health Behavior Models
What is cultural iatrogenesis?
The loss of autonomous coping skills in dealing with pain, suffering, and death, often due to unrealistic expectations generated by medicine.
p.6
Health Across the Lifespan
Why do you consider yourself healthy?
I am healthy because I prioritize my physical and mental well-being.
p.42
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What are examples of health outcomes affected by health inequalities?
Life expectancy and quality of life.
p.19
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What impact does illness have on a client's body image?
It can alter body image and self-esteem.
p.70
Concept of Health Promotion
What is the focus of social change in health promotion?
Creating supportive environments and policies for health.
p.66
Concept of Health Promotion
What are some techniques used in health promotion?
Preparing health information brochures, pamphlets, videos, and delivering lectures.
p.6
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How has a person affected your health?
A person affected my health by encouraging me to adopt healthier habits.
p.19
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How can illness lead to increased stress for families?
Due to role changes and increased responsibilities.
p.6
Health Across the Lifespan
Who is responsible for your health?
I am responsible for my health by making informed choices.
p.59
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is a key aspect of motivating individuals in health education?
Motivating and persuading people to make changes in their lifestyle.
p.70
Concept of Health Promotion
What are the main approaches to health promotion according to Ewles and Simnett?
Medical, Behavioral, Educational, Empowerment, and Social Change.
p.17
Health Behavior Models
What is another obligation of clients in the Sick Role?
Clients or their families are obliged to seek competent help.
p.11
Concept of Health Promotion
What daily decisions are important for wellness?
Nutrition, stress management, physical fitness, preventive health care, and emotional health.
p.60
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How does the expert authority model assess the effectiveness of interventions?
The health educator or doctor decides if the intervention is effective.
p.42
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What factors contribute to health inequalities?
Education, employment, income, housing, and geographic location.
p.49
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How can health literacy be improved?
Through education, clear communication from healthcare providers, and accessible health resources.
p.29
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How do social advances affect mortality rates?
Improvements in sanitation and nutrition lead to a reduction in mortality.
p.73
Health Promotion Approaches
Give an example of primary prevention.
Immunization or reducing exposure to risk factors.
p.57
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What role do healthcare providers play in health literacy?
Partnering with healthcare providers can empower health literacy.
p.2
Designing Health Promotion Plans
What is a key step in designing a health promotion plan?
Setting clear, measurable objectives.
p.10
Health Across the Lifespan
What does the emotional dimension of health involve?
The ability to feel, recognize, and express feelings, as well as to develop and sustain relationships.
p.66
Health Promotion in Different Settings
What are examples of health promotion initiatives for childhood obesity?
School-based awareness programs and exercise classes.
p.11
Concept of Health Promotion
What does wellness encompass?
The whole being of the individual.
p.39
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
How does education affect health?
Higher education levels are associated with better health outcomes.
p.2
Health Behavior Models
What do health behavior models aim to explain?
The reasons behind individuals' health-related behaviors.
p.6
Health Across the Lifespan
What do you need to do to stay healthy?
To stay healthy, I need to eat nutritious foods, stay active, and manage stress.
p.29
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is a major characteristic of most countries regarding health?
Profound inequalities in income and wealth are associated with persistent inequalities in health.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is a key goal of health education?
To empower individuals to make health-related decisions.
p.6
Health Across the Lifespan
When does your health improve?
My health improves when I consistently follow a healthy routine.
p.39
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the significance of genetics in health?
Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain health conditions.
p.10
Health Across the Lifespan
What does the sexual dimension of health encompass?
Acceptance and the ability to achieve a satisfactory expression of one’s sexuality.
p.20
Health Behavior Models
What is the Agent-Host-Environment Model?
An ecological model that considers the interaction between the agent, host, and environment in health.
p.70
Concept of Health Promotion
What does empowerment mean in the context of health promotion?
Enabling individuals to take control of their health.
p.39
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What is the impact of lifestyle choices on health?
Lifestyle choices like diet, exercise, and smoking significantly affect health outcomes.
p.73
Health Promotion Approaches
Who is the target population for secondary prevention?
Healthy-appearing individuals with subclinical forms of the disease.
p.19
Health Across the Lifespan
What are some increased demands on family time due to illness?
Increased demands can include caregiving and support tasks.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What is self-efficacy in the context of health education?
Belief in one's ability to succeed in health-related tasks.
p.10
Health Across the Lifespan
What is the social dimension of health focused on?
The ability to maintain harmonious relationships with other members of society.
p.66
Concept of Health Promotion
What levels can health promotion be delivered at?
One-to-one, group, organization, and community levels.
p.10
Health Across the Lifespan
What is the spiritual dimension of health about?
The recognition and practice of moral or religious principles and having a sense of purpose in life.
p.19
Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities
What financial issues can arise from a family member's illness?
Financial problems may occur due to medical expenses and lost income.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
How does self-esteem relate to health education?
It influences an individual's confidence in making health decisions.
p.61
Teaching and Learning Principles in Healthcare
What are coping skills?
Strategies that help individuals manage stress and challenges related to health.
