p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the origin of the Pectoralis major's clavicular head?
Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle.
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
Which nerve innervates the Adductor Brevis?
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4).
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the insertion point of the Gracilis muscle?
Superior part of medial surface of tibia (as part of pes anserinus).
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Deep
What is the origin of the Supinator muscle?
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa.
p.10
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
Where does the Semimembranosus insert?
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 2nd Layer
What is the origin of the Quadratus plantae muscle?
Medial surface of calcaneus bone and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What actions does the Pectoralis major perform?
Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Rectus abdominis?
Pubic symphysis and pubic crest.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 3rd Layer
What is the action of the Flexor hallucis brevis?
Toe flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint 1 and support of the longitudinal arch of the foot.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the primary action of the Rectus abdominis?
Flexes trunk and compresses abdominal viscera.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6).
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 3rd Layer
What is the action of the Flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Toe flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint 5.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the primary action of the External oblique?
Compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate trunk.
p.10
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the primary action of the Semitendinosus?
Extend hip joint; flex knee joint and medially rotate it when flexed.
p.13
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
Where does the Sartorius muscle originate?
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What nerve innervates the Tibialis anterior muscle?
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5).
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What nerves innervate the Rectus abdominis?
Thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7–T12 spinal nerves).
p.14
Muscles of the Lateral Leg
What is the insertion point of the Fibularis brevis?
Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone.
p.14
Muscles of the Lateral Leg
What actions does the Fibularis brevis perform?
Plantar flexion at the talocrural joint and eversion at the subtalar joint.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
Which nerve innervates the infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6).
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
Where does the teres major originate?
Inferior part of the lateral border of the scapula.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Transversus abdominis?
Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pubis via conjoint tendon.
p.5
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Deep
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane.
p.4
Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
What actions does the Coracobrachialis perform?
Helps flex and adduct the shoulder joint; resists dislocation of the shoulder.
p.10
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the insertion point of the Inferior Gemellus?
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur.
p.10
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the innervation of the Biceps Femoris Short Head?
Common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2).
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the insertion point of the Pectoralis major?
Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 2nd Layer
What is the innervation of the Lumbricals?
Lumbrical 1: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3); Lumbricals 2-4: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3).
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the origin of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane.
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the action of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Extends wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints; abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 3rd Layer
What are the actions of the Adductor hallucis?
Toe adduction and flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint 1; support of longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
Where does the Extensor digitorum longus muscle originate?
Proximal half of medial surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle, and interosseous membrane.
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the origin of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis?
Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane.
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What action does the Extensor Pollicis Brevis perform?
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint.
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
Where does the Extensor Indicis originate?
Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the innervation of the Gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2).
p.10
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Which nerve innervates the Superior Gemellus?
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1).
p.10
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What action does the Quadratus Femoris perform?
Laterally rotates hip joint; stabilizes hip joint.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What nerves innervate the Pectoralis major?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1).
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the primary action of the Tibialis anterior muscle?
Foot dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint and foot inversion at the subtalar joint.
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What spinal nerves innervate the Psoas major?
Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the action of the Subclavius?
Anchors and depresses the clavicle.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the origin of the Serratus anterior?
External surfaces of lateral parts of the 1st–8th ribs.
p.14
Muscles of the Lateral Leg
What is the origin of the Fibularis brevis?
Distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula, anterior intermuscular septum.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the External oblique?
Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest.
p.14
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the origin of the Gastrocnemius?
Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur.
p.5
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Intermediate
What is the insertion point of the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Shafts (bodies) of middle phalanges of medial four digits.
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the primary action of the soleus?
Plantarflexes ankle joint and stabilizes ankle joint.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the origin of the Rhomboid major muscle?
Spinous processes of T2–T5 vertebrae.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
Which nerve innervates the Rhomboid muscles?
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5).
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the insertion point of the Deltoid muscle?
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
p.6
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Brachioradialis?
Proximal two thirds of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus.
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Deep
Where does the Supinator insert?
Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 2nd Layer
What is the action of the Quadratus plantae?
Toe flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5.
p.14
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Fibularis tertius?
Dorsal surface of base of metatarsal bone 5.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the action of the Pectoralis minor?
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
Where does the Tibialis anterior muscle insert?
Medial cuneiform bone and base of metatarsal bone 1.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?
Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of the shoulder joint.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the primary action of the Extensor digitorum longus muscle?
Toe extension at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5; foot dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint; foot eversion at the subtalar joint.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the External oblique?
External surfaces of 5th–12th ribs.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?
Laterally rotates the shoulder joint.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
Where does the infraspinatus originate?
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius?
Popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Internal oblique?
Inferior borders of 10th–12th ribs, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the origin of the Trapezius muscle?
Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7–T12 vertebrae.
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What actions does the flexor digitorum longus perform?
Toe flexion at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5; plantar flexion at talocrural joint; foot inversion at subtalar joint.
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the origin of the Adductor Magnus muscle?
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium; Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity.
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What actions does the Gracilis perform?
Adducts hip joint; flexes knee joint, medially rotating it when flexed.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the origin of the Pectoralis minor?
3rd–5th ribs near their costal cartilages.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
Where does the Tibialis anterior muscle originate?
Lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane.
p.14
Muscles of the Lateral Leg
What is the origin of the Fibularis longus?
Middle third of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 3rd Layer
What is the innervation of the Adductor hallucis?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3).
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the common insertion point for the Quadriceps femoris group?
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament and patella.
p.1
Superficial Muscles of the Back
What is the action of the Latissimus dorsi?
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder joint.
p.5
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Intermediate
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: oblique line of radius.
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the origin of the plantaris muscle?
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the primary action of the Transversus abdominis?
Compresses and supports abdominal viscera.
p.3
Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
Where does the biceps brachii insert?
Tuberosity of the radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis.
p.4
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Flexor carpi radialis?
Base of the 2nd (3rd) metacarpal.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the insertion point of the Gluteus medius?
Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the action of the Gluteus medius?
Abducts and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keeps pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated.
p.6
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Brachioradialis?
Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process.
p.16
Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
Where does the Flexor digitorum brevis originate?
Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum.
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the innervation of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve.
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the primary action of the Iliopsoas muscle?
Flexes thigh/trunk at the hip joint.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Rectus abdominis?
Xiphoid process and 5th–7th costal cartilages.
p.14
Muscles of the Lateral Leg
What is the insertion point of the Fibularis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of great toe.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the action of the Serratus anterior?
Protracts scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall; rotates scapula.
p.5
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Intermediate
What is the origin of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis).
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
Where does the soleus originate?
Soleal line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula.
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What are the actions of the popliteus muscle?
Plantar flexion of the foot at the talocrural joint and knee flexion.
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?
Posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line).
p.4
Muscles of the Arm - Posterior
Where does the Triceps brachii insert?
Proximal end of the olecranon of the ulna and fascia of the forearm.
p.4
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Pronator teres muscle?
Coronoid process of the ulna.
p.4
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the action of the Palmaris longus?
Flexes the hand at the wrist and tenses the palmar fascia.
p.6
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus.
p.16
Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
Which nerve innervates the Abductor digiti minimi?
Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3).
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the action of the Extensor Digiti Minimi?
Extends the 5th finger primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the action of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Extends and adducts wrist joint and carpometacarpal joints.
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What are the actions of the Adductor Brevis?
Adducts hip joint and to some extent flexes it.
p.13
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the primary action of the Sartorius muscle?
Thigh flexion, thigh abduction, and thigh external rotation at the hip joint; leg flexion and leg internal rotation at the knee joint.
p.13
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
Where does the Sartorius muscle insert?
Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus).
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 2nd Layer
What actions do the Lumbricals perform?
Toe flexion and adduction at metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5; toe extension at interphalangeal joints 2-5.
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What actions does the Psoas major perform at the hip joint?
Flexion of the thigh/trunk and lateral rotation of the thigh.
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the origin of the Rectus femoris muscle?
Anterior inferior iliac spine and supraacetabular groove.
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
Where does the Extensor Pollicis Longus insert?
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb.
p.1
Superficial Muscles of the Back
What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi?
Spinous processes of the inferior six vertebrae.
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the origin of the Pectineus muscle?
Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line of pubis).
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What actions does the Pectineus muscle perform?
Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, and thigh external rotation.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the action of the teres minor muscle?
Laterally rotates the shoulder joint.
p.5
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Intermediate
Which nerve innervates the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1).
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
Where does the popliteus muscle insert?
Posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
Which nerves innervate the Trapezius muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI; motor fibers) and C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers).
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What action does the Levator scapulae muscle perform?
Elevates scapula and rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the insertion point of the Tensor fasciae latae?
Iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy tubercle).
p.6
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What action does the Pronator quadratus perform?
Pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together.
p.16
Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
What is the origin of the Abductor hallucis?
Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis.
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
Where does the Extensor Digitorum originate?
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin).
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the origin of the Adductor Longus muscle?
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest.
p.10
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the innervation for the Semitendinosus?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2).
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What are the origins of the Psoas major muscle?
Vertebral bodies of T12-L4, intervertebral discs between T12-L4, and transverse processes of L1-L5 vertebrae.
p.14
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What actions does the Fibularis tertius perform?
Dorsiflexion of the foot at the talocrural joint and eversion at the subtalar joint.
p.1
Muscles of the Pectoral Region
What is the origin of the Subclavius muscle?
Junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage.
p.14
Muscles of the Lateral Leg
What actions does the Fibularis longus perform?
Toe extension at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1; dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint.
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the function of the Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Extends wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints; extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint.
p.13
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
Where does the Extensor digitorum longus muscle insert?
Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5.
p.15
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What action does the medial head of the gastrocnemius perform?
Raises heel during walking and flexes knee joint.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the action of the teres major muscle?
Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint.
p.3
Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
What is the action of the biceps brachii?
Supinates forearm and flexes elbow joint when supinated.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the insertion point of the Trapezius muscle?
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the origin of the Gluteus maximus?
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx; and sacrotuberous ligament.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
Which nerves innervate the Levator scapulae muscle?
Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3, C4) spinal nerves.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the origin of the Gluteus minimus?
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the action of the Gluteus minimus?
Abducts and medially rotates hip joint; keeps pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the origin of the Tensor fasciae latae?
Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the insertion point of the Piriformis?
Superior border of greater trochanter of femur.
p.6
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus?
Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna.
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the primary action of the Extensor Digitorum?
Extends wrist joint and medial four fingers primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints.
p.7
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Deep
What is the primary action of the Supinator?
Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly.
p.14
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Fibularis tertius?
Medial surface (distal third) of fibula, interosseous membrane (anterior surface), anterior intermuscular septum.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 3rd Layer
What is the origin of the Flexor hallucis brevis?
Tendon of tibialis posterior, medial cuneiform bone, lateral cuneiform bone, cuboid bone.
p.3
Muscles of the Shoulder
Where does the supraspinatus originate?
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula.
p.17
Muscles of the Foot - 3rd Layer
What is the origin of the Flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Base of metatarsal bone 5 and long plantar ligament.
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What actions does the Rectus femoris perform at the hip and knee joints?
Thigh flexion at the hip joint and leg extension at the knee joint.
p.8
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the primary action of the Extensor Indicis?
Extends 2nd finger (enabling its independent extension); helps extend hand at wrist.
p.18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Transversus abdominis?
Internal surfaces of 7th–12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament.
p.4
Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
Where does the Coracobrachialis insert?
Middle third of the medial surface of the humerus.
p.5
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Deep
What is the insertion point of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits.
p.3
Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
Where does the brachialis originate?
Distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus.
p.4
Muscles of the Arm - Posterior
Which nerve innervates the Triceps brachii?
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8).
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the insertion point of the Levator scapulae muscle?
Medial border of scapula superior to root of spine.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the primary action of the Gluteus maximus?
Extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in its lateral rotation; fixes hip joint and assists in rising from sitting position.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the insertion point of the Rhomboid minor muscle?
Triangular area at medial end of scapular spine.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What actions do the Rhomboid muscles perform?
Retracts scapula and rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall.
p.2
Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?
Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula.
p.9
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the action of the Tensor fasciae latae?
Flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint.
p.6
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane.
p.16
Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
What is the insertion point for the Tibialis posterior?
Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4.
p.6
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the action of the Brachioradialis?
Relatively weak flexion of elbow joint, maximal when forearm is in midpronated position.
p.11
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the origin of the Obturator Externus muscle?
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane.
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the origin of the Psoas minor muscle?
Vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 vertebrae.
p.12
Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
What is the common insertion point for the iliopsoas tendon?
Lesser trochanter of the femur.
p.14
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the innervation of the Extensor hallucis longus?
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1).
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Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
Where does the Vastus medialis muscle originate?
Intertrochanteric line, pectineal line of femur, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line of femur.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Intermediate
What is the insertion point of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Intermediate
What action does the Flexor carpi ulnaris perform?
Flexes and adducts hand at wrist.
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Muscles of the Shoulder
Where does the subscapularis muscle originate?
Subscapular fossa (most of the anterior surface of the scapula).
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Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
Which nerve innervates the Coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7).
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Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
What is the action of the brachialis muscle?
Flexes elbow joint in all positions.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Deep
What actions does the Flexor digitorum profundus perform?
Flexes wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints, and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2, 3, 4, and 5.
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
Where does the flexor hallucis longus originate?
Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior intermuscular septum of leg, fascia of tibialis posterior muscle.
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Muscles of the Arm - Posterior
What is the primary action of the Triceps brachii?
Chief extensor of the elbow joint; long head extends the shoulder joint and resists dislocation of the humerus.
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Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the insertion point of the Rhomboid major muscle?
Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle.
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Muscles of the Shoulder
What actions does the Deltoid muscle perform?
Clavicular part flexes and medially rotates shoulder joint; acromial part abducts shoulder joint.
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Muscles of the Foot - Dorsum
What is the primary action of the Extensor digitorum brevis?
Toe extension at the distal interphalangeal joints 2-4.
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the action of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Extends and abducts wrist joint; extends carpometacarpal joints.
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
Where does the Abductor digiti minimi originate?
Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Internal oblique?
Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the primary action of the Internal oblique?
Compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate trunk.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Intermediate
What actions does the Flexor digitorum superficialis perform?
Flexes wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Deep
Which nerves innervate the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Lateral part (to digits 2 and 3): median nerve (C8, T1); Medial part (to digits 4 and 5): ulnar nerve (C8, T1).
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Muscles of the Shoulder
What actions does the Trapezius muscle perform?
Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula; rotates glenoid cavity superiorly.
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?
Toe flexion at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1; plantar flexion at talocrural joint.
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Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the origin of the Gluteus medius?
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the action of the Flexor carpi radialis?
Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist.
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Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the insertion point of the Gluteus minimus?
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur.
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
Which nerve innervates the Abductor hallucis?
Medial plantar nerve (S1-S3).
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What action does the Gastrocnemius perform?
Plantarflexes the ankle joint when the knee joint is extended.
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Muscles of the Arm - Anterior
What is the origin of the Coracobrachialis muscle?
Tip of the coracoid process of the scapula.
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial and Deep
What is the action of the plantaris muscle?
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle joint; mainly proprioceptive.
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Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the origin of the Levator scapulae muscle?
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1–C4 vertebrae.
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Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the insertion point of the Gluteus maximus?
Most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the innervation of the Pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1).
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
What is the primary action of the Abductor hallucis?
Toe abduction and toe flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint 1.
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
Which nerve innervates the Flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial plantar nerve (S1-S3).
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Muscles of the Arm - Posterior
What is the origin of the Long head of the Triceps brachii?
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
Where does the Pronator teres insert?
Middle of the convexity of the lateral surface of the radius.
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Muscles of the Shoulder
What is the origin of the Rhomboid minor muscle?
Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Palmaris longus?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
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Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the innervation of the Piriformis?
Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Pronator quadratus?
Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius.
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Muscles of the Foot - Dorsum
Which nerve innervates the Extensor digitorum brevis?
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1).
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the innervation of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8).
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the action of the Pronator teres?
Pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow joint.
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
Where does the Tibialis posterior originate?
Posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of fibula, and interosseous membrane.
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Muscles of the Foot - Dorsum
Where does the Extensor digitorum brevis originate?
Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, and stem of inferior extensor retinaculum.
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the origin of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal.
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Muscles of the Gluteal Region
What is the origin of the Piriformis?
Anterior surface of 2nd–4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament.
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm - Superficial
What actions does the Flexor pollicis longus perform?
Flexes wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb.
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
What joint actions are associated with the Tibialis posterior?
Foot plantarflexion at the talocrural joint and foot inversion at the subtalar joint.
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What is the insertion point of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal.
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
What is the primary action of the Abductor digiti minimi?
Toe abduction and toe flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint 5.
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Muscles of the Foot - Plantar Superficial - 1st Layer
What is the primary action of the Flexor digitorum brevis?
Toe flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5.
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm - Superficial
What action does the Extensor carpi radialis brevis perform?
Extends and abducts wrist joint; active during fist clenching.
