p.5
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What type of force does Earth exert on objects?
An attractive gravitational force towards Earth's surface.
p.5
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What does the gravitational force near Earth's surface produce?
A constant acceleration downward.
What is the focus of Chapter 3 in the lecture notes?
Falling Objects and Projectile Motion.
p.4
Acceleration Due to Gravity
Does the mass of an object affect its behavior when dropped?
No, all objects accelerate at the same rate regardless of mass in a vacuum.
p.2
Acceleration Due to Gravity
How does gravity influence motion?
Gravity affects the acceleration and trajectory of moving objects.
p.4
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What happens to a dropped object's speed as it falls?
The object accelerates due to gravity.
p.4
Effects of Air Resistance
How do different shapes of objects affect their fall?
Different shapes can affect air resistance, causing them to fall at different rates.
p.5
Inclined Plane Experiment
How did Galileo measure gravitational acceleration?
By rolling objects down an inclined plane to slow the motion.
p.42
Throwing a Ball Downward
What type of motion does a ball coming straight down exhibit?
It has a wider range of possible paths.
p.34
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
Does the bullet fall during its flight?
Yes, the bullet falls due to gravity while it travels horizontally.
p.7
Tracking a Falling Object
What does a stroboscope do in the context of a falling ball?
It illuminates the ball at equal time intervals.
p.15
Effects of Air Resistance
How does a dropped object behave in a vacuum?
All objects fall at the same rate regardless of mass or shape.
p.32
Acceleration Due to Gravity
If three balls leave the tabletop at the same time, which will hit the floor first?
They would all hit at the same time.
p.25
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What is the rate of change of velocity?
-10 m/s² (decreasing 10 m/s each second).
p.34
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
If a rifle is fired directly at a target in a horizontal direction, will the bullet hit the center of the target?
No, the bullet will not hit the center due to the effects of gravity.
p.10
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What type of graph is being referred to in the text?
A velocity vs. time (v-t) graph.
p.11
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What does a constant acceleration imply about the slope of the line?
The slope of the line is constant.
p.16
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What happens when a feather and a brick are dropped in a vacuum?
They reach the ground at the same time.
p.27
Trajectory of Projectiles
What is a key reason the trajectory described is unrealistic?
The coyote would not go straight horizontally, pause, and then fall straight down.
p.6
Inclined Plane Experiment
Does the marble pick up speed as it rolls down the incline?
Yes, the marble picks up speed as it rolls.
p.11
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What is the relationship between the slope of a velocity-time graph and acceleration?
The slope of the v-t graph equals acceleration.
p.22
Throwing a Ball Downward
What happens to a ball when it is thrown upward?
It experiences gravitational acceleration directed downward.
p.29
Trajectory of Projectiles
What happens to the horizontal velocity in projectile motion?
It remains constant because there is no acceleration in that direction.
p.17
Tracking a Falling Object
How long does it take for the ball to reach the ground?
This depends on the height from which it is dropped.
p.20
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What does it mean if the velocity vs. time graph is curving upward?
The slope (and the acceleration) is increasing.
p.6
Inclined Plane Experiment
Is the marble moving faster at the bottom of the incline than it was halfway down?
Yes, it is moving faster at the bottom of the incline.
How does the highest angle affect the time of flight?
The time of flight is longer.
p.13
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What indicates that the ball is not accelerating?
The ball moves an equal distance during each 0.10-sec interval.
p.15
Effects of Air Resistance
What happens to a feather and a brick when dropped?
The feather falls more slowly than the brick.
p.10
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What does it mean when velocity values steadily increase?
It indicates that the object is accelerating.
p.43
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
What determines the time of flight for a projectile?
The initial vertical velocity component.
p.41
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
Are the factors determining the best trajectory the same for different situations?
No, they can vary depending on the situation.
p.22
Throwing a Ball Downward
How does gravitational acceleration affect the ball's upward motion?
It acts in the opposite direction to the original upward velocity.
p.10
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
How are points plotted on a velocity vs. time graph?
Each point is plotted at the midpoint between two times.
p.24
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What is the ball's acceleration at the top of its path?
The acceleration is -10 m/s².
p.41
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
What is the key factor that affects the success of a free-throw trajectory?
The control of the ball player.
p.8
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
How is average velocity calculated?
By dividing the distance traveled by the time interval.
p.43
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
What does the initial vertical velocity component influence?
The maximum height reached by the projectile.
p.16
Acceleration Due to Gravity
Does gravitational acceleration depend on the weight of the object?
No, it does not depend on the weight of the object.
p.24
Acceleration Due to Gravity
Does gravity turn off at the top of the ball's path?
No, gravity does not 'turn off' at the top.
p.38
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
What is the height of the ball when thrown at the lowest angle?
The ball does not go very high.
p.19
Tracking a Falling Object
How does the distance of a falling object change over time?
The distance increases in proportion to the square of the time.
What happens to the initial vertical velocity at the highest angle?
It is much greater than the horizontal velocity.
p.29
Trajectory of Projectiles
How is the total velocity at any point in projectile motion determined?
By adding the vertical component of the velocity to the horizontal component at that point.
What is the trade-off when throwing a ball at the highest angle?
The ball goes higher but does not travel very far horizontally.
p.7
Tracking a Falling Object
What can be inferred about the velocity of the falling ball based on the increasing distance covered?
The velocity must be increasing.
p.38
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
What is the time of flight for a ball thrown at the lowest angle?
The time of flight is short.
p.17
Tracking a Falling Object
How does the velocity of the ball change each second?
It increases by 10 m/s each second.
p.30
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
What is the importance of vector components?
They allow for the analysis of vectors in perpendicular directions, typically horizontal and vertical.
p.30
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
What is the formula for calculating the resultant vector from components?
Resultant = √(Rx² + Ry²), where Rx and Ry are the components in the x and y directions.
p.28
Trajectory of Projectiles
What happens to the distance fallen in each successive time interval?
It falls a greater distance than in the previous time interval.
p.11
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What does a constant slope of the line indicate?
It indicates that the acceleration is constant.
p.13
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
Is the ball accelerated based on its movement?
No, the ball is not accelerated.
p.38
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
What is the relationship between horizontal and vertical velocity at the lowest angle?
The horizontal velocity is much greater than the initial vertical velocity.
p.22
Throwing a Ball Downward
In which direction is gravitational acceleration when a ball is thrown upward?
Downward, toward the center of the Earth.
p.24
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What happens to the ball's velocity at the top of its path?
The velocity is momentarily zero as it changes direction.
p.19
Tracking a Falling Object
What is the formula that represents the relationship between distance and time for a falling object?
d = 1/2 * g * t^2, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
p.40
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
What is the horizontal velocity of a ball at a 45-degree angle compared to high angles?
It travels with a greater horizontal velocity than at high angles.
p.31
Trajectory of Projectiles
What is the relationship between initial velocity and trajectory for a ball rolling off a table?
Different initial velocities result in different trajectories.
p.23
Throwing a Ball Downward
What effect does gravity have on the ball after it reaches its highest point?
It increases the downward velocity.
p.13
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What type of motion is the ball exhibiting?
Constant speed in a straight line.
p.29
Trajectory of Projectiles
What happens to the downward (vertical) velocity in projectile motion?
It gets larger and larger due to the acceleration due to gravity.
p.17
Tracking a Falling Object
What is the acceleration of the ball as it falls?
9.8 m/s², approximately 10 m/s².
p.31
Trajectory of Projectiles
What happens to the horizontal distance traveled by a ball when projected with a larger initial horizontal velocity?
The ball travels greater horizontal distances.
p.17
Tracking a Falling Object
How fast is the ball traveling when it reaches the ground?
This depends on the time it has been falling and the initial height.
p.14
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What are the possible answers regarding the acceleration of the two balls?
a) Ball A is accelerated; b) Ball B is accelerated; c) Both balls are accelerated; d) Neither ball is accelerated.
p.28
Trajectory of Projectiles
How does vertical velocity change in projectile motion?
It increases downward, similar to a falling ball.
p.27
Trajectory of Projectiles
What are examples of unrealistic trajectories often seen in media?
Many examples in movies and on television.
p.20
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What would be required for constant acceleration in a velocity vs. time graph?
The v vs. t curve must be a straight line.
p.14
Acceleration Due to Gravity
Is Ball B accelerated?
Yes, Ball B is also considered accelerated because it is slowing down, covering less distance with each interval.
p.21
Throwing a Ball Downward
What happens when a ball is thrown downward instead of being dropped?
It has a starting velocity different from zero.
p.14
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What does it indicate if a ball covers less distance in equal time intervals?
It indicates that the ball is slowing down and is also considered to be accelerated.
p.21
Throwing a Ball Downward
What is the velocity of the ball when it reaches the ground if thrown downward?
It will have a larger velocity when it reaches the ground.
p.14
Acceleration Due to Gravity
Is Ball A accelerated?
Yes, Ball A is accelerated because it covers an increasing distance in each 0.05-sec interval, indicating it is speeding up.
p.19
Tracking a Falling Object
What does the variable 'd' represent in the context of a falling object?
The distance fallen by the object.
p.25
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What is the nature of the slope in the velocity vs. time plot?
Constant and negative (indicating constant downward acceleration).
p.30
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
How do you add two vectors?
By placing them head to tail and drawing a resultant vector from the tail of the first to the head of the second.
p.31
Trajectory of Projectiles
What remains constant in the trajectory of a ball rolling off a table?
v x (horizontal velocity).
p.28
Trajectory of Projectiles
What contributes to the parabolic path of a projectile?
Constant horizontal velocity and accelerating vertical velocity.
p.32
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What is the reason all three balls hit the floor at the same time?
They all undergo the same downward acceleration and start with a vertical velocity of zero.
p.8
Velocity vs. Time Graphs
What is the distance traveled by the ball between the 2nd and 3rd flashes?
4.8 cm - 1.2 cm = 3.6 cm.
p.28
Trajectory of Projectiles
What is the acceleration of horizontal motion in projectile motion?
Zero (in the absence of air resistance).
p.40
Hitting a Target in Projectile Motion
How does a 45-degree angle affect the time a ball stays in the air?
The ball stays in the air longer than at low angles.
p.15
Effects of Air Resistance
Do different masses affect the behavior of falling objects?
In a vacuum, no; but in the presence of air, yes due to air resistance.
p.30
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
What is a vector?
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
p.17
Tracking a Falling Object
What assumption is made regarding air resistance in this scenario?
Air resistance effects are assumed to be small.
p.30
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
What is the graphical representation of a vector?
An arrow, where the length represents magnitude and the direction indicates the vector's direction.
What happens to an object thrown horizontally under the influence of gravity?
It is accelerated downward.
p.15
Effects of Air Resistance
Do different shapes affect the behavior of falling objects?
Yes, different shapes can lead to varying effects of air resistance.
p.21
Throwing a Ball Downward
How does throwing a ball downward affect its time to reach the ground?
It will reach the ground more rapidly.
What is the relationship between horizontal and vertical motion in projectile motion?
Horizontal motion is constant while vertical motion is accelerating downward.
What does the equation 'Projectile motion = Parabolic path = const. v x + accel. v y' represent?
The combination of constant horizontal velocity and vertical acceleration in projectile motion.
p.5
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What did Galileo establish about gravitational acceleration?
That it is uniform, or constant with time.
How does gravitational acceleration affect a projectile?
It behaves the same as for any falling object, causing downward acceleration.
p.19
Tracking a Falling Object
If an object falls for 5 seconds, how does the distance relate to time?
The distance is proportional to the square of 5 seconds.
What is the key to understanding projectile motion?
Treating vertical motion independently of horizontal motion and then combining them.
p.30
Factors Affecting Projectile Trajectories
How do vectors differ from scalars?
Vectors have direction, while scalars only have magnitude.
p.28
Trajectory of Projectiles
How does an object move horizontally in projectile motion?
With constant horizontal velocity.
p.23
Trajectory of Projectiles
What happens to the ball's velocity at its highest point?
It changes direction from upward to downward, passing through 0 m/s.
What does projectile motion involve?
The trajectories and velocities of objects that have been launched, shot, or thrown.
p.32
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What factor causes all three balls to fall the same distance in the same time?
The same downward acceleration due to gravity.
p.14
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What does it indicate if a ball covers an increasing distance in equal time intervals?
It indicates that the ball is speeding up and is therefore accelerated.
p.23
Acceleration Due to Gravity
What is the acceleration due to gravity experienced by the ball?
Approximately 10 m/s² downward.
