Stage 2 is characterized by the delivery of the fetus.
The modified endometrium of the uterus after implantation, which supports the developing embryo.
The layer of decidua that surrounds the embryo and is in contact with the chorion, eventually fusing with the decidua parietalis.
The intraembryonic mesoderm is a layer of mesoderm that forms within the embryo and gives rise to various structures, including muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.
A type of umbilical cord attachment where the cord is attached at the margin of the placenta.
A configuration of umbilical vessels where the vessels spread out and are not closely grouped.
Measuring the femur length is a common method used to estimate fetal size and gestational age, as it provides a reliable indicator of growth during pregnancy.
The intervillous spaces of a mature placenta contain approximately 150 ml of blood, which is replenished about 3 or 4 times per minute.
The placenta is a large, rounded, compact, and discoid interstitial feto-maternal vascular tissue that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus.
Tertiary villi develop when fetal blood vessels form within the secondary villi, allowing for direct blood flow between the mother and fetus.
The fetal surface of the placenta is described as smooth, which contrasts with the maternal side's structure.
The formation of the placenta involves the development of structures that facilitate nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the fetus, occurring in three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Amnioblasts are cells that contribute to the formation of the amniotic membrane, which surrounds and protects the developing embryo.
The syncytiotrophoblast is a layer of trophoblast cells that invades the uterine lining and facilitates nutrient exchange between the mother and the developing embryo.
A condition where there is an accessory lobe of placental tissue connected to the main placenta by blood vessels.
A type of placental barrier where maternal blood is separated from fetal tissues by a layer of epithelial cells.
The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane that surrounds the embryo and contributes to the formation of the placenta.
Stage 1 involves the effacement and dilatation of the cervix.
The placenta produces hormones such as hCG, hCS (hPL), hCT, hCACTH, Relaxin, Progesterone, and Oestrogen.
Amniotic fluid contains various substances, including water, electrolytes, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and fetal cells.
An excess of amniotic fluid can result in pressure on the baby and may indicate potential complications such as polyhydramnios.
The maternal side of the placenta is characterized by cotyledons, which are the functional units that facilitate maternal-fetal exchange.
Fetal length is expressed in centimeters (cm) and is correlated with the age of the fetus in weeks.
A condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding during pregnancy.
Chorionic villi are finger-like projections from the chorion that extend into the uterine wall, facilitating nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the developing embryo.
Stage 3 involves the delivery of the placenta and fetal membranes.
Primary villi are the initial projections that form from the trophoblast layer during the early stages of chorionic villi formation.
The part of the decidua that is in contact with the placenta and provides maternal blood supply to the developing embryo.
The part of the decidua that lines the remaining uterine cavity, not in contact with the placenta.
The ectoderm is the outermost layer of the embryo that develops into the skin, nervous system, and other structures.
A condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall but does not penetrate the muscle.
A type of placental barrier where maternal blood is in direct contact with chorionic villi, allowing for efficient nutrient transfer.
After implantation, gastrulation occurs, leading to the formation of three layers.
The umbilical cord is a flexible structure that connects the fetus to the placenta, providing a pathway for nutrients, oxygen, and waste exchange between the mother and the developing fetus.
The umbilical cord is a vital structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta, facilitating nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the fetus.
Implantation is the process of embedding the fertilized egg into the uterine wall, which is essential for the establishment of pregnancy.
The length of the embryo is one criterion for establishing the age of the fetus.
Amniocentesis is a medical procedure in which amniotic fluid is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus for testing, often to assess fetal health and genetic conditions.
The Amnion is formed from Amnioblasts and the inner layer of Extra Embryonic Mesoderm.
Amniotic fluid serves several functions including cushioning the fetus, allowing for fetal movement, maintaining a stable temperature, preventing adhesions, and facilitating lung development.
The Amnion is a thin, tough membrane that surrounds the embryo and forms the amniotic sac, providing a protective environment filled with amniotic fluid.
The Chorion is composed of the Trophoblast and the parietal layer of Extra Embryonic Mesoderm.
The Chorionic Plate is the fetal portion of the placenta that develops by the beginning of the 4th month.
The Decidual Plate is the maternal portion of the placenta that forms alongside the Chorionic Plate by the beginning of the 4th month.
The placenta facilitates the exchange of metabolic and gaseous products between maternal and fetal bloodstreams, including the exchange of gases, nutrients, electrolytes, and the transmission of maternal antibodies.
The Embryonic period is the stage of development from fertilization until the end of the 8th week of gestation, during which the embryo undergoes significant growth and differentiation.
The Exhe-embryonic coelom is a space that forms outside the embryo, contributing to the development of structures such as the umbilical cord and supporting the embryo's growth.
The placental membrane, also known as the placental barrier, is the structure that separates maternal blood from fetal blood in the placenta.
The Fetal period is the stage of development that begins at the 9th week of gestation and continues until birth, characterized by growth and maturation of the structures formed during the embryonic period.
The decidua basalis is the maternal tissue that forms the maternal part of the placenta, providing a site for implantation and supporting the developing placenta.
Chorion laeve, or smooth chorion, is the part of the chorion that does not have villi and is associated with the smooth surface of the placenta.
Chorionic villi are finger-like projections from the chorion that extend into the maternal tissue, facilitating nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the fetus.
Chorion frondosum, also known as bushy or villous chorion, is the part of the chorion that develops into the placenta and contains numerous villi.
The trophoblast is the outer layer of cells surrounding the embryo that contributes to the formation of the placenta and aids in implantation.
A condition where the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes rather than the placenta, leading to potential complications.
A configuration of umbilical vessels where the vessels are closely grouped together.
Amniotic fluid is a clear, watery fluid that fills the amniotic cavity, produced by amniotic cells and primarily derived from maternal blood.
Less than 500 ml of amniotic fluid is considered low and may not provide adequate cushioning for the baby, indicating potential complications.
The embryoblast is a group of cells that will develop into the embryo; it originates from the inner cell mass during the early stages of implantation.
The cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of trophoblast cells that contributes to the formation of the placenta and helps in anchoring the embryo to the uterine wall.
A condition where the placenta has a raised ring around its edge, which can affect fetal development.
A type of placental barrier where the maternal blood vessels are in direct contact with chorionic villi, allowing for nutrient exchange.
Maternal blood enters the lacunae formed in the decidua basalis, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus.
Secondary villi are formed when mesodermal cells invade the primary villi, providing structural support and facilitating nutrient exchange.
Crown Rump Length (C.R.L) is the measurement from the vertex (top of the head) to the buttocks of the fetus, used to assess fetal age.
The extraembryonic coelom is a space that forms outside the embryo, providing a cavity for the development of extraembryonic structures.
A condition where the placenta penetrates through the entire uterine wall and may attach to other organs.
At full term, the placenta is discoid with a diameter of approximately 15 to 25 cm, about 3 cm thick, and weighs around 500 to 600 g.
Crown Heel Length (C.H.L) is the measurement from the vertex (top of the head) to the heel of the fetus, indicating standing height.
If an ectopic pregnancy is not detected, it can lead to severe complications such as internal bleeding and hypovolemic shock due to the rupture of the fallopian tube.
A type of placenta that is thin and membranous, which can lead to complications during pregnancy.
A type of placental barrier where the maternal epithelium is intact and separates maternal blood from chorionic villi.
The zona pellucida is a protective glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte that must disappear for successful implantation to occur.
A condition where the placenta invades the uterine muscle more deeply than in placenta accreta.
Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the embryo implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tubes, leading to complications as the embryo cannot grow properly.
A type of placenta that has one or more additional lobes, which can affect placental function.
