What initiated the relations between China and the US?
Backchannel negotiations.
What significant event did President Kennedy convene on October 16, 1962?
The Executive Committee of the National Security (ExComm).
p.21
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What are proxy wars?
Interventions by major powers to support their policy goals.
p.17
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What was a point of competition between the First and Second World?
Which development model was more effective at providing prosperity and technological advancement.
p.2
Cultural Revolution in China
What cultural phenomenon emerged in the late 1960s, influencing music and art?
The counterculture movement.
p.21
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was the trend regarding the threat of nuclear war during this period?
The threat of nuclear war seemed to be decreasing despite the increase in nuclear weapons.
p.19
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What is the primary focus of José Luis Ricón's article?
The GDP growth of the Soviet Union.
p.21
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was significant about the US mission to the moon?
It was a peak of space exploration but did not lead to increased efforts to send people across the solar system.
p.26
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What significant recognition occurred in 1972 between West Germany and East Germany?
They mutually recognized each other and sent separate representatives to the UN.
Why did many Cubans oppose Batista's government?
It was seen as repressive and offered little hope for the future.
What was a consequence of Vietnam removing the Khmer Rouge from power?
The 1979 war between Vietnam and China.
p.40
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What economic changes occurred after the end of the Bretton Woods system?
It led to floating currencies and contributed to the growth of global private investment.
How did Cuba position itself in the Sino-Soviet Split?
Cuba attempted to mediate but ultimately sided with the Soviet Union.
p.38
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What was Secretary Kissinger's view on preventing the MPLA's success?
He believed that with discipline and equipment, the FNLA and UNITA could be trained to prevent MPLA's success.
How did China view the US in relation to the Soviet Union?
As a counterweight to the Soviet Union.
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What laws existed in some US states into the 1960s regarding African Americans?
Separate laws that prevented them from participating in society as mandated by the US Constitution.
p.17
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What are the two main development models discussed?
The state and the market.
p.18
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What is the primary focus of José Luis Ricón's article?
The GDP growth of the Soviet Union.
p.39
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What common goals do China and the US have in the region?
Stability and economic growth.
p.36
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What event in 1978 led to the establishment of a socialist government in Afghanistan?
A coup that removed Afghanistan's monarch.
p.37
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What complicating factor did Vice Premier Teng mention in the conversation?
The involvement of South Africa, which offended the whole of black Africa.
p.40
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What was a common strategy of major powers in local wars?
Intervening to support favored political parties to ensure friendly allies.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What happened to Vietnam after the French withdrawal?
Vietnam was divided into a northern government and a southern government.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
Who led the communist insurgency in South Vietnam?
The Viet Cong (NLF), assisted by North Vietnam.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
What did the Communist Party of China focus on in the 1950s?
Consolidating power and introducing communist-led development.
p.36
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What were two significant challenges faced by the Soviet Union during the Afghan war?
Lack of specific goals for the war and instability of the Afghan government.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
What major campaign was launched in 1957 by the CPC?
The Anti-Rightist Campaign.
p.17
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What was the significance of the 1959 kitchen debate?
It symbolized the US and Soviet Union showcasing their competing development models.
p.2
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What was a significant environmental event that began to gain attention in the late 1960s?
The modern environmental movement.
p.39
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What conclusion can be drawn about the nature of international relations from the shift from enemies to collaboration?
International relations can evolve and improve through diplomacy and mutual interests.
What was a major fear for the US regarding Latin America in the 20th century?
That communism would lead Latin American countries away from US-led development.
p.23
Cultural Revolution in China
How did the Cultural Revolution influence relations between socialist states?
It created divisions and tensions, particularly between China and the Soviet Union.
What was the nature of the correspondence between Kennedy and Khrushchev during the crisis?
They communicated about the events of the crisis.
What did US intelligence report regarding Russian ships during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
They reported that Russian ships carrying supplies for missile sites appeared.
p.37
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What did President Ford emphasize about the timing of actions against the Soviet Union?
He stated that time is of the essence.
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What was the outcome of Rosa Parks' arrest?
It led to Martin Luther King Jr. organizing a boycott of public transportation in Montgomery.
p.37
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was Chairman Mao's prediction about the MPLA's success?
He seemed to believe that the MPLA would not be successful.
p.9
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What decision did US President Lyndon Johnson make in 1968 regarding the presidential election?
He decided not to run for president.
What were some issues that caused tension between China and the Soviet Union?
International relations and border disputes, including those with India.
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What action did the federal government take in 1957 regarding school desegregation?
Sent federal soldiers to keep the peace while schools were being desegregated.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
Who were the prominent leaders supporting privatization in the 1970s and 1980s?
US President Ronald Reagan and UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What decision did OPEC make after the Yom Kippur War?
To cut oil production, driving prices incredibly high.
p.9
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What did Vietnamization entail?
Shifting military responsibility from the US to South Vietnam.
What does the CIA report from 1965 indicate about the Socialist Bloc?
It shows both cooperation and growing competition.
What was a major theme regarding the relationship between Beijing and Moscow?
Unity to Division in the Communist World, highlighting competing power centers.
What was Batista's relationship with the United States?
He was friendly and provided economic opportunities for US businesses.
p.39
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What challenges do both parties expect in their relationship?
Geopolitical tensions and differing political ideologies.
p.24
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What significant political movement gained momentum in the late 1960s and 1970s?
The Civil Rights Movement in the US.
p.37
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was Chairman Mao's stance on the Soviet Union's influence?
He was in favor of driving the Soviet Union out.
p.24
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What economic trend began to emerge in the late 1970s?
Neoliberalism and economic restructuring.
What led to US interventions in Latin America?
Fear of left-leaning politicians and revolutionaries.
p.38
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What was the concern regarding Mozambique's support?
Mozambique supports the MPLA, making it difficult to gain their assistance.
What new alliances formed between major powers?
China and the US moved closer, while the socialist world faced competing influences from China and the Soviet Union.
p.40
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What characterized the cooling of the Cold War?
Agreements between the US and Soviet Union to limit nuclear weapons and resolve early Cold War issues.
What does the Mao Group aim to achieve through 'equal struggle'?
To become the third great power in the world.
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
A 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba.
p.23
Cultural Revolution in China
What other sources could be useful for this topic?
Historical accounts, diplomatic correspondence, and analyses of Sino-Soviet relations during the Cultural Revolution.
p.23
Cultural Revolution in China
What could be a main idea for a body paragraph in the essay?
The impact of the Cultural Revolution on Sino-Soviet relations, highlighting key events that led to increased tensions.
What triggered the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba by U.S. reconnaissance flights.
Which countries are categorized as agreeing with Soviet policies?
Bulgaria, Hungary, GDR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Mongolia.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What action did Egypt take in 1973 regarding the Sinai Peninsula?
Launched an attack to regain it.
What was a key takeaway from the actions of both the US and the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Both showed they wanted to avoid a war.
p.2
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What major social movement gained momentum in the late 1960s?
The Civil Rights Movement.
p.39
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was agreed to between China and the US?
Specific agreements were made regarding cooperation in various areas.
p.25
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was the US policy regarding the decision to use nuclear missiles as early as Truman's administration?
The decision should be made by political leaders, making these weapons unique from others.
p.39
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What can both parties provide to each other?
Economic opportunities and strategic partnerships.
p.25
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What were the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) I aimed at?
To limit nuclear weapons created in the US and Soviet Union.
p.40
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
How did OPEC demonstrate the value of oil as a political weapon?
Through its actions that highlighted oil's power in global politics.
p.36
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What relationship did the Soviet Union have with Afghan military officers before the invasion?
The Soviet Union had trained Afghan military officers, leading to support for socialism.
p.37
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was President Ford's view on South Africa's actions?
He believed they were fighting to prevent Soviet expansion, which he found admirable.
How did the US attempt to combat communism in Latin America?
By bolstering right-wing conservatives and dictators.
p.37
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What did President Ford say about Cuba's involvement in Angola?
He was violently opposed to Cuba's substantial participation, noting they had five to six thousand troops there.
p.23
Cultural Revolution in China
How can the source be used to support the thesis?
It can illustrate specific instances of conflict and cooperation between China and other socialist states during the Cultural Revolution.
What significant action did the Soviet Union take in 1960 concerning China?
The Soviet Union removed its advisors from China.
p.31
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What was the outcome of the protests against the Shah in 1979?
The Shah was overthrown and the Islamic Republic of Iran was formed.
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What types of activism were used to pressure the federal government during the Civil Rights Movement?
Boycotts, sit-ins, and protests.
What was a key aspect of US-China relations during the 1970s and 1980s?
Increased collaboration in conflicts like Afghanistan and Angola.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What characterized the Soviet leadership during the period of political stagnation?
Much of the leadership came from a generation that did not want to accommodate much reform.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
What were some challenges faced during the reform process in China?
Peasant uprisings, resistance movements, party purges, violent class struggle, and a massive famine.
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
Why was the Civil Rights Movement important for America's credibility abroad?
The US appeared hypocritical when criticizing repression in the socialist world.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What proposal was made regarding oil profits to aid struggling countries?
The UN managing oil profits to aid countries hit hardest by rising oil prices.
What was the U.S. response to the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The U.S. imposed a naval blockade around Cuba and demanded the removal of the missiles.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What power did the US Congress grant President Lyndon Johnson after the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
The ability to use military force without a formal declaration of war.
What happened when the Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty was up for renewal in 1979?
Both sides opted not to renew the treaty.
What was the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
It was a pivotal moment in the Cold War that brought the world close to nuclear conflict.
What was President Kennedy's reaction to the Bay of Pigs failure?
He was unhappy with the CIA.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What regulatory changes did Ronald Reagan advocate for?
Less regulation in finance and lower tax rates.
p.1
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What is the significance of the Mid-Cold War in the context of the Cold War?
It is often referred to as Cold War Part 2.
p.26
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What treaty was signed in 1970 between West Germany and the USSR?
A treaty recognizing the borders of Germany.
How did Fulgencio Batista come to power?
He took dictatorial power in a coup in 1952.
What was one result of the Sino-Soviet Split?
Socialist countries were split between power centers.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
Who led the insurgency against French forces in Vietnam after World War II?
Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh.
p.25
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was a notable aspect of the agreements made during the SALT negotiations?
They were made while the US and Soviet Union were competing on different fronts and in various proxy conflicts.
p.24
Cultural Revolution in China
How did the events of the late 1960s and 1970s influence global culture?
They led to widespread social movements and changes in cultural norms.
p.36
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Who did the Soviet Union battle against in Afghanistan until 1989?
Mujahedeen insurgent forces backed by the United States.
What happened to most Russian ships during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Most ships turned back, but one pressed on.
What significant acknowledgment did the US make regarding China in 1979?
Recognition of Beijing over Taipei as the capital of China.
p.36
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What was one of the factors contributing to the fall of the Soviet Union?
The financial and human toll from the Afghan war.
How did Beijing view the Soviet Union after the advisors were removed?
Beijing declared the Soviet Union as a 'revisionist' power.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What led to Ngo Dinh Diem's unpopularity?
His authoritarian tendencies and persecution of parts of the population.
p.30
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What sparked the Angolan Civil War?
The MPLA's control of Angola and the presence of competing factions.
What agreement did the US make in exchange for the dismantling of missile installations in Cuba?
The US agreed to remove their missiles from Turkey.
p.10
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What kept government officials who opposed reform in power during the 1960s?
A combination of general prosperity and fear of Soviet intervention.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What are Samizdat and Tamizdat?
Literature published in the Soviet Union and abroad, respectively, that criticized the government.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
What happened to the intelligentsia during the Cultural Revolution?
They were sent off to the countryside.
How did the Cuban Missile Crisis end?
The Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba and the removal of U.S. missiles from Turkey.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
What was the significance of the Cultural Revolution for Chinese leadership?
It was formative for many of today's leaders in China.
What competition arose between China and the Soviet Union as a result of the split?
They competed for leadership of the socialist world.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
How did the oil shocks contribute to the growth of global finance?
Banks raced to the Middle East to provide investment opportunities for newly wealthy countries.
p.30
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What factors contributed to the Angolan Civil War?
A mixture of Cold War, nationalist, ethnic, and regional tensions.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What major financial commitments did the Soviet Union have?
Military spending and supporting other communist states.
Why was the presence of missiles in Cuba considered unacceptable?
Because they were in range of major American cities.
p.26
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
How was Berlin represented in the treaty signed in 1970?
Represented by West Germany but not officially part of the country.
p.25
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was the purpose of the 1968 Non-proliferation Treaty?
To limit the spread of nuclear weapons.
p.24
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What was a key outcome of the Détente policy during the 1970s?
Improved relations between the US and the Soviet Union.
How did the relationship between Cuba and the Soviet Union change after Castro's rise?
It strengthened due to local communists assisting Castro and US opposition to his actions.
p.23
Cultural Revolution in China
Is the source useful for understanding the Cultural Revolution's impact on socialist relations?
Yes, it provides insights into the ideological rifts and political dynamics.
What characterized Chinese-Soviet relations during the 1950s?
They were close, working together on development projects and in the Korean War.
p.23
Cultural Revolution in China
What could be a potential thesis statement regarding the Cultural Revolution's influence on socialist relations?
The Cultural Revolution exacerbated ideological divisions among socialist states, leading to a significant realignment in international relations.
p.34
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What was a significant consequence of US spending on the Vietnam War?
A large amount of USD left the country.
p.38
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What did Secretary Kissinger suggest about Mozambique's influence?
He suggested that Mozambique might stay out of the conflict despite its support for MPLA.
How was the moon landing perceived in terms of US technological ability?
It was seen as a major boost for the United States.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What event triggered several Middle Eastern countries to stop oil exports in 1973?
Western support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War.
p.34
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
How did capital behave in relation to state systems during the Bretton Woods era?
Capital moved across borders and functioned independently from the state.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What was the consequence of the Sinai Peninsula being taken by Israel?
The Suez Canal closed, forcing ships to go around Africa to reach Europe.
What collaboration occurred between China and the Soviet Union in the 1960s despite tensions?
They collaborated in Vietnam.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
How did Brezhnev's approach to reform differ from Khrushchev's?
Brezhnev was more conservative and targeted potential reformers and dissidents.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What does the term 'Neoliberalism' generally refer to?
Policies favoring private sector-led development over state-led development.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What economic issue began in the mid-1970s in the Soviet Union?
Economic improvements began to stagnate.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What concerns did non-Russian areas have during Soviet political stagnation?
Concerns about the levels of Russian migration.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What was the policy regarding Soviet Jews during this period?
Soviet Jews were allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union.
p.9
Vietnam War and US Involvement
Which countries provided assistance to Vietnam during the war?
The Soviet Union and China.
p.2
Vietnam War and US Involvement
How did the late 1960s influence global politics?
It led to increased anti-war protests and a questioning of authority.
p.37
Détente and Nuclear Arms Control
What concern did President Ford express regarding the Soviet Union?
He was concerned about the Soviet Union gaining a stronghold in Angola.
p.31
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What was the purpose of the White Revolution initiated by the Shah of Iran?
To modernize the economy.
What was the Sino-Soviet Split viewed as by the US?
A golden opportunity to isolate the Soviet Union.
p.40
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What can a small determined military force achieve against a larger force?
It can hold out against a larger, better-equipped force.
What organization received increased funding after Kennedy's speech?
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
p.10
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What event contributed to the loss of confidence in Khrushchev?
The Cuban Missile Crisis.
p.10
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
A hard-line approach to defending socialist governments and supporting socialist movements abroad.
p.34
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What happened to currency after the end of the Bretton Woods system?
It became a floating currency.
What happened to the popularity of space missions after the moon landing?
Missions to space were not as popular or a high priority for the US.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What happened to Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963?
He was overthrown and assassinated.
What operation did the US undertake in 1961 to remove Castro?
The failed Bay of Pigs operation.
p.10
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What was the outcome of the Prague Spring reforms?
The Warsaw Pact sent military forces to remove the reform government.
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
How did civil rights activism in the 1950s and 1960s compare to earlier efforts?
There was increased activism during the 1950s and 1960s compared to earlier efforts.
What is the Mao Group's stance towards North Vietnam and North Korea?
They are supported in their struggle against imperialism.
p.10
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What exacerbated the growing economic problems in Eastern European countries during the 1960s?
The avoidance of reforms.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What was the impact on oil-consuming countries due to the oil shocks?
They had to ration and pay high prices for oil.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What events in 1972 and 1975 affected food supplies in the Soviet Union?
Crop failures put pressure on food supplies.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
How did the Soviet Union benefit from the oil shocks?
By reaping profits as an oil-producing country and using that money to help Eastern Bloc countries.
Why were the missile building sites in Cuba easy to find?
They were not covered by trees.
p.2
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What technological advancement began to shape society in the late 1960s?
The rise of television as a dominant medium.
Was Fidel Castro ideologically a communist at the start of his reign?
No, he was not ideologically a communist early on.
What action did Castro take in February 1960 regarding American investments?
He nationalized a billion dollars worth of American investments and property in Cuba.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What significant event marked the defeat of French forces in Vietnam?
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954.
p.31
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What was a major consequence of the Shah's authoritarian policies?
Corruption and public dissent against his government.
p.31
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What type of identity did Islamism promote in the Middle East?
Religious identity and adoption of religious law.
What did Mao Zedong disagree with regarding Khrushchev's policies?
Mao disagreed with Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin and his reform policies.
What pretext did the Mao Group use to accuse the Soviet leadership?
The events in Czechoslovakia.
p.23
Cultural Revolution in China
What limitations does the source have?
It may lack comprehensive coverage of all socialist states' perspectives and could be biased.
Who overthrew Salvador Allende in 1973?
General Augusto Pinochet.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1974 to promote wealth equality?
The New International Economic Order (NIEO).
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What significant legislation was passed between 1964 and 1968?
Civil Rights legislation that banned most forms of discrimination.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What combination led to the real revolution in economic reform during the 1970s?
Oil profits, relaxed banking rules, and a focus on private development.
What was a characteristic of Pinochet's rule?
Violent repression of dissent.
p.8
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What incident in 1964 led to the full deployment of US forces in Vietnam?
The Gulf of Tonkin incident.
p.34
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What became easier with floating currency rates and reduced regulations on foreign capital flows?
Private-led development around the world.
What was the goal of the Bay of Pigs operation?
To organize resistance against Castro using Cuban refugees.
p.30
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What was the outcome of the military support from Cuba and the USSR?
They succeeded in stopping the South African advance by November 1975.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What was the trend in living standards in the Soviet Union during the 1950s and 1960s?
There was an increase in living standards.
What is the Mao Group's strategy towards the Soviet Union?
To provoke armed conflicts and slander it as a colonial power.
What significant event occurred on 14 October 1962?
A U2 spy plane discovered a missile site in Cuba.
p.9
Vietnam War and US Involvement
How did Vietnam's regional influence change after the war?
It confronted China over Vietnam's involvement in Cambodia.
p.16
Civil Rights Movement in the US
What significant event occurred in 1955 involving Rosa Parks?
Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white person on a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
p.31
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
How did Iran's relationship with the United States change after the 1979 revolution?
Iran moved from being a strong supporter to an enemy of the United States.
What action did the US encourage in response to Allende's presidency?
Encouraged the military to replace him.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What did developing countries call for in the 1960s and 1970s?
A more equal distribution of wealth around the world.
Why did the US allow one Russian ship to pass through the blockade?
Because it was carrying oil and no weapons.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
What was the Great Leap Forward?
A campaign initiated in 1958 aimed at rapidly transforming China into a socialist society.
What decision did Khrushchev make on October 28 regarding Cuba?
He decided to dismantle all installations in Cuba.
p.10
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What did the new leadership in Czechoslovakia promise in 1968?
Reforms including elements of a private market and more freedom of speech.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
How did the Soviet Union's limitation on freedom of speech differ from Stalin's era?
It was less restrictive, leading to increased dissent from state policies.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
What was the purpose of the Cultural Revolution launched by Mao in 1966?
To solidify his power over the party and remake society according to his vision of socialist revolution.
What was Operation Condor?
A US-backed program for dictators to coordinate anti-communist activities.
p.34
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What economic challenges did the world face despite Bretton Woods institutions?
Economic shocks, bank collapses, and an unstable Euro Dollar market.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What tactic did the Soviet leadership use to combat dissent?
Labeling dissidents as 'mentally ill'.
Why does the Mao Group want to exploit Yugoslavia's influence?
To gain leverage in the Third World.
p.30
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What role did Cuba and the Soviet Union play in the Angolan Civil War?
They actively defended communist governments.
p.30
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What was the US government's stance on supporting private groups in Angola?
They voted to ban support for 'private groups', indicating discontent with global intervention.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
How did the Soviet Union's economic changes relate to neoliberal policies?
The Soviet Union moved to a free market system and privatized based on advice from supporters of neoliberal policies.
p.38
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What was the purpose of the financial support approved by President Ford?
To help the FNLA and UNITA meet the challenge of the Soviet Union and defeat the MPLA.
p.34
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What role did private investment play in colonial spaces?
It contributed to development where national tax laws did not apply.
What did Khrushchev instruct Castro regarding the agreement?
He told Castro not to disrupt the agreement.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
How did the Cultural Revolution impact China's foreign policy?
Diplomats were caught in chaos, and supporters of Mao organized pro-Cultural Revolutionary activities abroad.
What was one significant outcome of the Sino-Soviet split?
It allowed the US and China to begin to reconcile and move closer.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What was the state of the Soviet economy during this period?
The economy was slowing, but leadership was unwilling to make reforms.
p.9
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What happened to Saigon in 1975?
It fell to North Vietnam and the Viet Cong.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What did the Soviet Union need to do due to food supply issues?
Import grain to feed the population.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What economic advantage did the Soviet Union miss in the 1970s?
Increased oil prices due to a lack of focus on developing other parts of the economy.
p.10
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
What was the reaction of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact nations to the reforms in Czechoslovakia?
They opposed the reforms and feared the spread of calls for reform.
p.32
Middle Eastern Revolutions and Oil Shocks
What was a major economic effect of the oil price increase on oil-producing countries?
They experienced windfall profits.
Who were the key leaders during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.
What did Castro agree to in 1961 regarding missiles?
To install missiles in Cuba as a deterrent against US actions.
p.9
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What can long wars do to the resources of a large country?
They can drain the resources.
p.28
Rise of Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
Who was Yuri Andropov?
The head of the KGB during this period.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What limited the implementation of reforms in the Soviet Union?
The influence of hard-liners in the party.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What was one of Margaret Thatcher's notable actions regarding unions?
She is famous for breaking up a strike in the coal industry.
p.15
Cultural Revolution in China
How was the Cultural Revolution perceived globally?
It had both supporters and critics of Mao's policies around the world.
p.9
Vietnam War and US Involvement
What was a significant outcome of small determined military groups in the Vietnam War?
They may not win but can hold out long enough for the larger army to leave.
p.27
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
What measures did Brezhnev take to counteract economic issues?
Allowed farmers to grow surplus grain and created competition among state-owned enterprises.
p.35
Economic Changes and Neoliberalism
What stance did Ronald Reagan take on socialized health care?
He urged Americans to reject socialized health care.
