p.14
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
What does the grey fundal reflex indicate in retinal examination?
It indicates a detached retina becoming apparent as an opalescent sheet ballooning into the vitreous.
p.21
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is scleral buckling?
A surgical procedure used to treat retinal detachment.
p.7
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is the choroid?
A membrane dense with blood vessels that supplies the retina.
p.12
Types of Retinal Detachment
What is exudative retinal detachment?
A condition resulting from the production of serous fluid under the retina from the choroid.
p.2
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What are the clinical manifestations of retinal detachment?
Symptoms and signs that indicate retinal detachment.
p.2
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What diagnostic procedures are used for retinal detachment?
Methods to identify and confirm retinal detachment.
p.21
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What does the scleral buckling procedure involve?
Placing a silicone band around the eye to indent the sclera.
p.8
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What are the symptoms of retinal detachment?
Flashes of light, floaters, and a shadow or curtain over vision.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What does blurred vision indicate?
A potential clinical manifestation of retinal detachment.
p.11
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What happens to fragile vessels in traction retinal detachment?
Fragile vessels bleed and fibrous tissue is formed.
p.17
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is the goal of scleral buckling?
To bring the choroid into contact with the retina.
p.18
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
In which condition related to retinal detachment is vitrectomy indicated?
Retinal detachment with scar formation.
p.3
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is retinal detachment?
A condition where the retina separates from the underlying supportive tissue.
p.20
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is the primary purpose of scleral buckling?
To reattach the retina to the back of the eye.
p.7
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What happens during retinal detachment?
The retina separates from the choroid and the pigmented epithelium.
p.9
Types of Retinal Detachment
What is a combination retinal detachment?
A type that involves both rhegmatogenous and traction mechanisms.
p.24
Post-operative Nursing Management
What is the purpose of the gas bubble in retinal detachment surgery?
To act as a tamponade for the retinal break.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What is photopsia?
A sensation of a flashing light.
p.19
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
How does Pneumatic Retinopexy work?
By injecting a gas bubble into the eye to push the retina against the wall of the eye.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What does a shadow or curtain-like effect in vision indicate?
A possible sign of retinal detachment.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What are fundal signs?
Clinical signs observed during a fundoscopic examination that may indicate retinal issues.
p.23
Pre-operative Nursing Management
What is a key aspect of pre-operative nursing management for retinal detachment?
Bed rest to prevent further detachment.
p.9
Types of Retinal Detachment
What is rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?
A type of retinal detachment caused by a tear or break in the retina.
p.9
Types of Retinal Detachment
What characterizes traction retinal detachment?
It occurs when fibrous tissue pulls on the retina, causing it to detach.
p.22
Post-operative Complications
What is a common post-operative complication related to eye pressure?
Increased intraocular pressure (IOP).
p.8
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is retinal detachment?
A condition where the retina separates from the underlying supportive tissue.
p.4
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is a common treatment for retinal detachment?
Surgical procedures such as scleral buckle or vitrectomy are common treatments.
p.8
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
How is retinal detachment diagnosed?
Through a comprehensive eye examination, including dilated fundus examination.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What does progressive deterioration of vision mean?
A gradual decline in visual acuity, often associated with retinal issues.
p.17
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is scleral buckling?
A procedure that involves depressing the eye from the outside with a silicone sponge or band sutured in place permanently.
p.18
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What procedure can be performed during vitrectomy for diagnostic purposes?
Vitreous tap for microscopy and culture.
p.10
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What causes rhegmatogenous detachment?
A tear or hole in the retina.
p.5
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What types of layers make up the retina?
1 epithelial layer and 9 neural layers.
p.2
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is the etiology of retinal detachment?
The causes or factors leading to retinal detachment.
p.20
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
How does scleral buckling work?
By placing a silicone band around the eye to indent the sclera.
p.6
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is the outermost layer of the retina?
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
p.7
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What occurs when the retina detaches?
It is deprived of its blood supply and source of nourishment, losing its ability to function.
p.8
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What are common causes of retinal detachment?
Trauma, aging, and certain eye diseases.
p.15
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
How do overlying retinal vessels appear in cases of retinal detachment?
They appear black with loss of central reflexes.
p.8
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What are the surgical options for retinal detachment?
Scleral buckle, vitrectomy, and pneumatic retinopexy.
p.17
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
How long does it take for the gas bubble used in pneumatic retinopexy to be absorbed?
Over the next 1 or 2 weeks.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
Is retinal detachment typically painful?
No, it is usually painless.
p.16
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What is indirect ophthalmoscopy used for?
To examine the retina and optic nerve in detail.
p.3
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is the primary surgical management for retinal detachment?
Surgical options include scleral buckle, vitrectomy, and pneumatic retinopexy.
p.3
Pre-operative Nursing Management
What is important in pre-operative nursing management for retinal detachment?
Ensuring patient education and preparing the patient for surgery.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
How quickly can rhegmatogenous detachment progress?
It can become detached over a period of hours to years.
p.14
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
What happens to the folds of the retina during eye movements in cases of retinal detachment?
The folds oscillate with eye movements.
p.14
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
What is usually visible in the retina when there are holes or tears?
Bright red choroid shining through the breaks.
p.14
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
How do overlying retinal vessels appear in cases of retinal detachment?
They appear black with loss of central reflexes.
p.19
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is the primary purpose of Pneumatic Retinopexy?
To reattach the retina to the underlying tissue.
p.17
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is the purpose of pneumatic retinopexy?
To inject a small gas bubble into the vitreous body that presses against the retina.
p.16
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What does a fundus examination evaluate?
The health of the retina and other structures at the back of the eye.
p.3
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What are common symptoms of retinal detachment?
Symptoms may include flashes of light, floaters, and a shadow or curtain over the visual field.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What fluids enter the hole in rhegmatogenous detachment?
Sub-retinal fluid or vitreous fluids.
p.7
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is the function of the retina?
Contains photoreceptors that allow the perception of light and initial processing of images.
p.4
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What are common symptoms of retinal detachment?
Symptoms may include sudden flashes of light, floaters, and a shadow or curtain over the visual field.
p.4
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What are some potential causes of retinal detachment?
Causes can include trauma, aging, and certain eye diseases.
p.15
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
What is visible when there are holes or tears in the retina?
The bright red choroid shines through the breaks.
p.11
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What occurs during traction retinal detachment?
The neural retina is pulled off the epithelial layer by vitreous traction.
p.19
Post-operative Nursing Management
What is a key consideration after Pneumatic Retinopexy?
Patients must maintain a specific head position to ensure the gas bubble is in the correct location.
p.11
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What are the causes of traction retinal detachment?
Diabetes mellitus, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal hemorrhage, and vitreous hemorrhage.
p.18
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is vitrectomy?
A surgical operation that involves removing some or all of the vitreous from the deeper part of the eye.
p.16
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What is the purpose of an ultrasound in eye diagnostics?
To visualize the eye's internal structures, especially when the view is obstructed.
p.10
Types of Retinal Detachment
What is the most common form of retinal detachment?
Rhegmatogenous detachment.
p.10
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What are some causes of rhegmatogenous detachment?
Trauma, high myopia, retinal degeneration, and aphakia after cataract surgery.
p.10
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What condition is associated with proliferative retinopathy?
Diabetic neovascularization.
p.20
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is scleral buckling?
A surgical procedure used to treat retinal detachment.
p.12
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What are some causes of exudative retinal detachment?
Uveitis and macular degeneration, which lead to the production of serous fluid.
p.21
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is the main goal of scleral buckling surgery?
To reattach the retina to the back of the eye.
p.6
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
Which layer of the retina is responsible for processing visual information?
The inner plexiform layer.
p.15
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
What is the significance of the grey fundal reflex?
It indicates the presence of a detached retina.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What is a visual field defect?
A loss of vision in a specific area of the visual field.
p.16
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What is the purpose of a visual acuity test?
To assess the clarity or sharpness of vision.
p.16
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What information does a Fundus Fluorescein Angiogram (FFA) provide?
It shows the circulation of blood in the retina and identifies any abnormalities.
p.3
Post-operative Complications
What are potential post-operative complications of retinal detachment surgery?
Complications may include infection, bleeding, and re-detachment.
p.12
Types of Retinal Detachment
How does fluid or exudate affect the retina in exudative retinal detachment?
It pushes the retina forwards and separates the layers of the retina.
p.24
Post-operative Nursing Management
Why is positioning of the head critical after retinal surgery involving a gas bubble?
The injected bubble must remain in position over the area of detachment to provide consistent pressure for reattachment.
p.9
Types of Retinal Detachment
What is exudative retinal detachment?
A type of detachment caused by fluid accumulation beneath the retina without a tear.
p.11
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What causes vitreous traction in the eye?
Vitreous traction occurs when new blood vessels grow into the vitreous humour.
p.11
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
How do fibrous bands contribute to traction retinal detachment?
Fibrous bands contract, pulling the neural layer away from the retina.
p.17
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
How is contact maintained during scleral buckling?
With a local implant on the sclera or an encircling strap or buckle.
p.3
Types of Retinal Detachment
What are the types of retinal detachment?
There are three main types: rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative.
p.10
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What happens to the neural layers in rhegmatogenous detachment?
They float off the epithelial layer.
p.4
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is retinal detachment?
A condition where the retina separates from the underlying supportive tissue.
p.2
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is involved in the management of retinal detachment?
The treatment approaches for retinal detachment.
p.15
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
What is the appearance of a detached retina in fundal signs?
It appears as an opalescent sheet ballooning into the vitreous.
p.4
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
How is retinal detachment diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made through a comprehensive eye exam, including visual acuity tests and retinal examination.
p.6
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What is the function of the ganglion cell layer in the retina?
It contains the cell bodies of ganglion cells that transmit visual information to the brain.
p.17
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is laser photocoagulation used for in surgical management?
To seal the retina against the choroid when the retina is torn.
p.8
Post-operative Complications
What are potential post-operative complications of retinal detachment surgery?
Infection, bleeding, and re-detachment.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What happens to central vision if the macula is involved?
There is a loss of central vision.
p.19
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What is Pneumatic Retinopexy?
A surgical procedure used to treat retinal detachment.
p.13
Clinical Manifestations of Retinal Detachment
What are floaters?
Floating spots or irregular, dark lines in the field of vision.
p.19
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What type of retinal detachment is Pneumatic Retinopexy typically used for?
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
p.11
Etiology of Retinal Detachment
What role do scars or bands of fibrous materials play in traction retinal detachment?
They provide traction on the retina, contributing to the detachment.
p.18
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment
What condition in diabetic patients may require vitrectomy?
Fibrovascular tissue in diabetic retinopathy.
p.3
Fundal Signs in Retinal Detachment
What are fundal signs in retinal detachment?
Fundal signs include the presence of retinal tears or holes observed during examination.
p.16
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What does Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provide?
Cross-sectional images of the retina.
p.3
Diagnostic Procedures for Retinal Detachment
What diagnostic procedures are used for retinal detachment?
Common procedures include visual acuity tests, ultrasound, and fundus examination.
p.3
Post-operative Nursing Management
What should be monitored in post-operative nursing management for retinal detachment?
Monitoring for signs of complications and ensuring proper recovery.
p.9
Types of Retinal Detachment
A type of retinal detachment that involves both rhegmatogenous and traction is known as ___.
A combination of rhegmatogenous and traction
