What is tuberculosis?
A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs.
p.44
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is a thermal agent?
A modality used in therapy that applies heat or cold to the body.
p.42
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the goal of remodeling in tissue healing?
To form the most structurally functional tissue possible at the injured area.
p.36
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What follows hemostasis in the tissue repair process?
Inflammation, where the body responds to injury and prevents infection.
p.32
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What triggers eczema flare-ups?
Allergens, irritants, stress, and weather changes.
p.36
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the role of the proliferation phase in tissue repair?
It involves the formation of new tissue and blood vessels.
p.42
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What does the Induction Theory suggest about tissue healing?
Internal and external stresses placed on the injured area during the maturation phase determine the final tissue structure.
p.47
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is convention in the context of fluid or gas?
It occurs when a portion of the fluid or gas moves from one place to another.
p.64
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What factor affects heat penetration related to the hot pack?
Temperature of the hot pack.
p.40
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What causes an increase in vascularity during inflammation?
Physical pressure or chemical irritation.
p.15
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is a major issue with research-based evidence in evidence-based practice?
There is little to no research-based evidence.
p.23
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Can you give an example of a contraindication?
Pregnancy may be a contraindication for certain therapies.
p.53
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is the primary role of cutaneous thermoreceptors?
To signal temperature sensation, allowing conscious perception of warming or cooling of the skin.
p.49
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is an example of a process that utilizes evaporation?
The use of vapocoolant spray.
p.46
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What factors affect the rate of heat transfer in conduction?
The difference in temperature between regions or materials in contact.
p.26
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What should be done to prevent infection in an open wound?
Clean the wound and apply a sterile dressing.
p.8
Course Overview and Structure
What are the components of the timetable?
Lecture, Practical, Mandatory open lab.
p.51
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is thermoregulation?
A mechanism by which humans maintain body temperature with tightly controlled self-regulation independent of external temperature.
p.25
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What are common symptoms of Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Swelling, pain, and redness in the affected leg.
p.26
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is an open wound?
A break in the skin that exposes underlying tissue.
p.48
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
Can you give an example of radiation?
The exchange of energy between skin and air.
p.48
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What causes radiation to occur?
A temperature difference between two surfaces.
p.9
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
When is it suggested to start practicing in the Open Lab?
After the practical session to avoid confusion.
p.35
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What type of skin condition requires special attention in therapy?
Chronic wounds and fragile skin.
p.25
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What is Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
A condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
p.15
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
How is the quality of existing research-based evidence described?
The body of research-based evidence is of poor quality.
p.6
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What are the key components of the practical test assessment?
Contraindication/precaution, skin sensation test, application of selected modality, and documentation.
p.58
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is the effect of heating muscles to a temperature between 40 ºC and 45 ºC?
It results in a reduction of spasm.
p.31
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are common causes of impaired sensation?
Nerve damage, neurological disorders, or injuries.
p.36
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the first phase of the tissue repair process?
Hemostasis, which involves stopping the bleeding.
p.41
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What does fibroplasia refer to?
The formation of fibrous tissue during the healing process.
p.27
Course Overview and Structure
What are the three trimesters of pregnancy?
First trimester, second trimester, and third trimester.
p.13
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What types of energies are used in EPA treatment procedures?
Electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical energies.
p.11
Required Texts and References for the Course
Which publisher released 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
Butterworth Heinemann, Elsevier.
p.52
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What types of temperature changes do cutaneous thermoreceptors respond to?
Both hot and cold stimuli.
p.41
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is angiogenesis?
The formation of new blood vessels during the healing process.
p.32
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
How does eczema differ from psoriasis?
Eczema is primarily itchy and inflamed, while psoriasis has thick, scaly patches.
p.5
Assessment Methods and Weighting
Which content will be assessed in the mid-term written test?
Content from Week 1 to Week 4.
p.43
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What are systemic factors that influence healing?
Age; infection or disease; metabolic status; nutrition; hormones; medication; oxygen.
p.51
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How is thermoregulation integrated in the body?
By a controlling mechanism in the CNS that responds to the heat of the tissues.
p.49
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is evaporation?
The transformation of liquid to gaseous state.
p.26
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is a critical first step in managing an open wound?
Controlling the bleeding.
p.15
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What concern is raised about the passive delivery nature of Electrophysical Therapy (EPT)?
It may be harmful to patients.
p.15
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What ethical concern is associated with practitioners of EPT?
They may be committing fraud.
p.57
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is the function of cutaneous thermoreceptors?
They detect temperature changes in the skin.
p.31
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is impaired cognition?
A decline in mental functions such as memory, attention, and reasoning.
p.13
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is the primary purpose of EPA?
To evaluate, treat, and prevent impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.
p.30
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is a cardiac pacemaker?
An implanted device that helps regulate the heartbeat.
p.57
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is chronic pain?
A type of pain that persists for a long time, often lasting beyond the normal healing period.
p.45
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What are the three primary methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, and radiation.
p.56
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is metabolism in relation to cellular activity?
Metabolism refers to the biochemical processes that occur within cells.
p.50
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is homeothermy?
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of external environmental conditions.
p.10
Required Texts and References for the Course
Who are the authors of the required textbook?
Watson, T. and Nussbaum, E.L.
p.30
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is the purpose of the leads in a cardiac pacemaker?
To deliver electrical impulses to the heart muscle.
p.32
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
Can eczema and psoriasis be treated with therapy?
Yes, various therapies can help manage symptoms.
p.56
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How does heat affect the rate of destructive processes in tissues?
Heat increases the rate of destructive processes.
p.65
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
How do hot packs affect the therapist's time?
They require brief use of the therapist’s time.
p.25
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What are the risks associated with Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
It can lead to serious complications like pulmonary embolism.
p.23
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Why is it important to identify contraindications in therapy?
To prevent harm and ensure patient safety during treatment.
p.21
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What model is emphasized in patient care?
The ICF model (International Classification of Functioning).
p.31
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What does impaired sensation refer to?
A reduced ability to perceive stimuli through the senses.
p.59
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
How can heat be used in relation to stiff joints?
To more effectively mobilize a stiff joint.
p.32
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is eczema?
A skin condition characterized by inflamed, itchy, and red patches.
p.5
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What types of questions will the mid-term written test include?
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and short questions.
p.37
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What follows hemostasis in the tissue repair process?
Inflammation, where the body responds to injury and begins healing.
p.12
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What types of modalities are commonly used in Electrophysical Therapy?
Ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and laser therapy.
p.30
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What conditions might require the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker?
Bradycardia, heart block, or other arrhythmias.
p.65
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is a disadvantage of hot packs regarding patient comfort?
The patient may not tolerate the weight of the hot pack.
p.12
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
Who can benefit from Electrophysical Therapy?
Patients with musculoskeletal injuries, chronic pain, and post-surgical recovery.
p.65
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
Why are hot packs considered cost-effective?
They use inexpensive materials.
p.11
Required Texts and References for the Course
What is the focus of the book 'Physical Agents in Rehabilitation'?
An evidence-based approach to practice.
p.16
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is the lowest level of evidence in the hierarchy?
Expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experience of respected authorities (Level IV).
p.37
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What factors can affect the healing process?
Age, nutrition, blood supply, and presence of infection.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Why is poor thermal regulation a precaution in therapy?
It can lead to adverse reactions to heat or cold treatments.
p.52
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is the role of cutaneous thermoreceptors in pain perception?
They can contribute to the sensation of pain when extreme temperatures are detected.
p.25
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What treatments are commonly used for Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Anticoagulants and compression therapy.
p.48
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is radiation in the context of thermal energy?
The exchange of electromagnetic energy due to temperature differences between two surfaces that are not in contact.
p.23
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What role do contraindications play in patient assessment?
They help clinicians determine the appropriateness of a treatment for a specific patient.
p.59
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
How can the properties of collagen change?
They can change with heat.
p.64
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is a key factor regarding the duration of heat application?
The duration of heat application influences the depth of heat penetration.
p.11
Required Texts and References for the Course
Who are the authors of 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
Robertson, V., Ward, A., Low, J. & Reed, A.
p.12
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is Electrophysical Therapy?
A therapeutic approach that uses electrical energy to promote healing and alleviate pain.
p.37
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the first phase of the tissue repair process?
Hemostasis, which involves stopping the bleeding.
p.31
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
How can impaired cognition affect therapy?
It can hinder a patient's ability to follow instructions or engage in rehabilitation.
p.30
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
How does a cardiac pacemaker function?
It sends electrical impulses to the heart to maintain a normal rhythm.
p.37
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the role of fibroblasts in tissue repair?
Fibroblasts produce collagen and extracellular matrix to support tissue regeneration.
p.32
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
Is psoriasis a chronic condition?
Yes, it is a chronic autoimmune condition.
p.13
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What levels do EPA treatment procedures target for biophysical effects?
Cellular, tissue, organic, and whole body levels.
p.42
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What are the components of the Tension Theory in tissue healing?
Muscle tension, joint movement, soft tissue loading, and fascial gliding.
p.52
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do cutaneous thermoreceptors contribute to thermoregulation?
They help the body maintain a stable internal temperature by signaling temperature changes.
p.38
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What does vasoconstriction do in the context of haemostasis?
It prevents excessive bleeding.
p.45
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is radiation?
The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves without the need for a medium.
p.30
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is the typical lifespan of a cardiac pacemaker battery?
5 to 15 years, depending on usage.
p.53
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do cutaneous thermoreceptors contribute to body temperature regulation?
They contribute to the unconscious regulation of body temperature.
p.26
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What are the risks associated with current bleeding tissue?
Infection and further tissue damage.
p.21
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is the main goal in patient care?
To competently function within the Patient Centred Safety Practice.
p.35
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What safety considerations should be taken for elderly patients?
Considerations include sensation and cognition.
p.22
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What happens if a drug is administered outside the therapeutic window?
It may lead to ineffective treatment or increased risk of toxicity.
p.22
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
How is the therapeutic window determined?
Through clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies.
p.16
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is the highest level of evidence in the hierarchy of evidence?
Systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs (Ia).
p.35
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What condition should be considered when treating acute inflammation?
Acute inflammation itself requires careful management.
p.13
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What evaluation procedures are involved in EPA?
Ultrasound imaging and electroneurophysiological testing.
p.7
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What are the key components assessed in the practical examination?
Contraindication/precaution, skin sensation test, selection of modality, application of selected modality, and documentation.
p.16
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What characterizes a well-designed controlled study without randomization?
It is classified as level IIa in the hierarchy of evidence.
p.7
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What should students perform during the practical examination?
Self-introduction, interview to obtain relevant information, and corresponding assessment and intervention on their peers.
p.10
Required Texts and References for the Course
What is the title of the required textbook for the course?
Electrotherapy: Evidence-based Practice.
p.45
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is conduction?
The transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.
p.27
Course Overview and Structure
What major changes occur in a woman's body during pregnancy?
Hormonal changes, physical changes, and increased blood volume.
p.38
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What processes are auto-triggered during haemostasis?
Blood clotting and vasoconstriction.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What is a precaution related to impaired circulation?
Avoid using thermal agents.
p.44
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do thermal agents affect blood flow?
They can increase or decrease blood flow depending on whether heat or cold is applied.
p.50
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What mechanisms do organisms use to maintain homeothermy?
Thermoregulation through processes like sweating, shivering, and altering blood flow.
p.17
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What type of patients does the PICO question focus on?
Patients with symptoms due to soft tissue shortening.
p.20
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is a physiological effect of EPT?
Heating effect and vascular dilatation.
p.46
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is conduction?
The exchange of thermal energy when there is direct physical contact between two surfaces.
p.23
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What is a contraindication?
A condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment.
p.40
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Increase vascularity, blockage of lymphatic drainage, physical pressure or chemical irritation, pain, and swelling.
p.64
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What role does vascularity play in heat penetration?
Vascularity of tissues affects how heat is distributed and absorbed.
p.9
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What should you do after leaving the lab?
Tidy up and clean the lab.
p.63
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What material is a typical hot pack made of?
Bentonite (a silicate gel) covered with canvas.
p.57
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is acute pain?
A type of pain that is short-term and usually results from injury or illness.
p.66
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What should be reviewed regarding safety in Practical Session 1?
General contraindications and precautions.
p.12
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are the main goals of Electrophysical Therapy?
To reduce pain, improve function, and facilitate tissue healing.
p.58
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What types of heating agents can cause a decrease in muscle strength and endurance?
Both deep and superficial heating agents.
p.39
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What happens if the inflammatory phase is absent?
No tissue healing is possible.
p.58
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is the relationship between motor neuron activity and muscle tone?
Motor neuron activity influences muscle tone.
p.63
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What are some disadvantages of electric and microwavable heating pads?
They may have inconsistent heat distribution and can cause burns if not monitored.
p.55
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is vasodilatation?
The widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow.
p.27
Course Overview and Structure
What is the significance of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus.
p.13
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are the intended physiological and clinical effects of EPA?
To maintain and optimize health.
p.44
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is a common application of heat agents?
To relax muscles and improve flexibility.
p.50
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How does sweating help in maintaining homeothermy?
Sweating cools the body through evaporation, helping to lower body temperature.
What is the risk of not treating tuberculosis?
It can lead to severe health complications and spread to others.
p.38
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What type of response is involved in haemostasis besides clot formation?
Cellular and immune responses.
p.43
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
How does nutrition affect the healing process?
Proper nutrition provides the necessary building blocks for tissue repair.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What effect do heat agents have on cellular activity?
They increase cellular activity.
p.25
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
How is Active Deep Vein Thrombosis diagnosed?
Through ultrasound imaging and clinical evaluation.
p.28
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Why is recent radiated tissue considered a contraindication?
It may be more susceptible to damage and complications.
p.22
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is the therapeutic window?
The range of drug dosages which can treat disease effectively while staying within the safety range.
p.22
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
Why is the therapeutic window important?
It helps to maximize therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse effects.
p.6
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What should students perform during the practical test?
Self-introduction, interview to obtain relevant information, and corresponding assessment and intervention on their peers.
p.41
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is epithelialization?
The process of new epithelial tissue forming over a wound.
p.32
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are common symptoms of psoriasis?
Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales.
p.59
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the significance of heating collagen in therapy?
It facilitates stretch to a certain extent.
What are common symptoms of tuberculosis?
Cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
p.44
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What are the two main types of thermal agents?
Heat agents and cold agents.
p.63
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
At what temperature should hot packs be kept in a hydrocollator?
Approximately 70 to 80 ºC.
What type of bacteria causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
p.50
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
Why is maintaining homeothermy important?
It is crucial for optimal physiological functioning and metabolic processes.
p.67
Required Texts and References for the Course
Who are the authors of the 2023 article on electrophysical agents?
Belanger, A. Y., Selkowitz, D. M., & Lawson, D.
p.56
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What happens to cells and tissues at temperatures of 45 ºC or greater?
The magnitude of protein damage results in destruction of cells and tissues.
p.33
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Why should the eyes be considered in local area safety?
Due to their sensitivity and vulnerability.
What is the standard treatment for tuberculosis?
A course of antibiotics over several months.
p.10
Required Texts and References for the Course
Which publisher released the required textbook?
Elsevier Health Sciences.
p.44
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is a common application of cold agents?
To reduce inflammation and numb pain.
p.64
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
How does tissue composition affect heat penetration?
Different tissues (skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles) have varying thickness and volume.
p.21
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What type of documentation is important in patient care?
Evidence-based documentation.
p.57
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is the gate control theory?
A theory that explains how non-painful stimuli can inhibit the perception of pain.
p.9
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What should you report to Ming/Zang?
If equipment is broken or out of order.
p.11
Required Texts and References for the Course
What is the title of the book by Cameron published in 2021?
Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach to Practice.
p.52
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What are cutaneous thermoreceptors?
Sensory receptors in the skin that detect temperature changes.
p.42
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What does the scar attempt to mimic during the healing process?
The characteristics of the tissue it is healing.
p.57
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
How does acute pain differ from chronic pain?
Acute pain is short-term and often linked to a specific injury, while chronic pain is long-lasting and may not have a clear cause.
p.33
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What are important local area considerations for safety during therapy?
Anterior neck, eyes, reproductive organs, chest/heart, and implants.
p.44
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is the primary purpose of using thermal agents in therapy?
To promote healing and relieve pain.
p.43
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What are local factors affecting the healing process?
Type, size, and location of injury; infection; vascular supply; movement/excessive pressure; temperature deviation; topical medications; electromagnetic energy.
p.65
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is a limitation of hot packs in terms of application?
They may not maintain good contact with small and contoured areas.
p.27
Course Overview and Structure
What is the role of folic acid during pregnancy?
To help prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
p.65
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is a drawback of using hot packs during treatment?
Dynamic movements are not persisted during treatment.
p.56
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the difference between healing and destroying in the context of tissue response?
Healing involves repair and regeneration, while destroying refers to damage and cell death.
p.65
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What area coverage can hot packs provide?
They can be used to cover moderate to large areas.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do heat agents influence metabolic rate?
They increase metabolic rate.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What role do past experiences play in evidence-based practice?
They inform clinical expertise and decision-making.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is the importance of clinical expertise in evidence-based practice?
It combines skills and knowledge to make informed clinical decisions.
p.19
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What are adjustable parameters in electrotherapy?
Settings such as intensity, frequency, and duration that can be modified during treatment.
p.6
Assessment Methods and Weighting
How will the practical test be rated?
According to the level of safety, accuracy, and effectiveness.
p.41
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is proliferation in the context of tissue repair?
Formation and proliferation of new and immature repair tissues to replace damaged tissues.
p.63
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is the purpose of different sizes of hot packs?
To accommodate different treatment areas.
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
Through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
p.39
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the role of inflammation in tissue healing?
Inflammation continues until infection is eradicated and prepares the tissue for new deposition.
p.13
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
How does EPA assist in physical therapy?
By guiding treatment procedures and evaluating treatment outcomes.
p.31
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What types of therapies may be used for patients with impaired sensation or cognition?
Electrophysical therapies, occupational therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation.
p.38
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the primary function of haemostasis?
To stop bleeding at the injured site.
p.41
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is wound contracture?
The process where the edges of a wound pull together to reduce its size.
p.7
Assessment Methods and Weighting
How are students rated in the practical examination?
According to the level of safety, accuracy, and effectiveness.
p.30
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are the components of a cardiac pacemaker?
A pulse generator and one or more leads.
p.37
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the final phase of tissue repair?
Remodeling, where the tissue matures and strengthens over time.
What is the primary method for diagnosing tuberculosis?
Tuberculin skin test or chest X-ray.
p.3
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What should you do if you need to take sick leave?
Inform the coordinator via email and provide a sick leave letter from a doctor.
p.67
Required Texts and References for the Course
What is the title of the 2010 article in Physiotherapy Canada?
Electrophysical Agents - Contraindications And Precautions: An Evidence-Based Approach To Clinical Decision Making In Physical Therapy.
p.55
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What characterizes blood flow in the chronic stage of injury?
In the chronic stage, blood flow may be reduced or altered due to prolonged inflammation or tissue damage.
p.43
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What role does infection play in the healing process?
Infection can hinder the healing process and lead to complications.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
How does cardiac insufficiency affect therapy precautions?
It may limit the use of certain thermal agents.
p.50
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How does blood flow regulation contribute to homeothermy?
By adjusting blood flow to the skin, the body can either release or conserve heat.
p.10
Required Texts and References for the Course
What is the title of the F.A. Davis PT Collection?
F.A. Davis PT Collection.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What should be avoided over areas with topical counterirritants?
The application of additional thermal agents.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is clinical reasoning?
The process of applying clinical expertise and knowledge to patient care.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What conditions can heat agents help alleviate?
Movement restriction and muscle spasm.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are examples of electrical currents stimulation?
TENS, Electrical stimulation, IFT.
p.19
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are the methods of application in electrotherapy?
Techniques used to deliver electrical energy, such as electrodes placement and modality selection.
p.36
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the final phase of the tissue repair process?
Remodeling, where the tissue matures and strengthens.
p.45
Thermal Agent Methods of Heat Transfer
What is convection?
The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
p.55
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
How does blood flow differ in the acute stage of injury?
In the acute stage, blood flow increases to the injured area to promote healing.
p.20
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are the underlying principles of Electrophysical Therapy (EPT)?
How energy and effects are created.
p.43
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
How does age affect the healing process?
Age can influence the body's ability to heal effectively.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What should be considered when treating areas with oedema?
Thermal agents may exacerbate the condition.
p.3
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
When will lecture and practical materials be available?
Prior to the lesson on OLE.
p.67
Required Texts and References for the Course
What is the focus of the book 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
It covers the principles and practice of electrotherapy.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What is a precaution for active epiphysis?
Avoid applying thermal agents to these areas.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Why is the presence of metal in the area a precaution?
It can conduct heat and cause burns.
p.17
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is the desired outcome stated in the PICO question?
Increased range of motion.
p.20
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What does progression of treatment in EPT involve?
Advancing the treatment based on patient response.
p.36
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What factors can affect the healing process?
Age, nutrition, blood supply, and presence of infection.
p.42
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the significance of collagen synthesis in tissue healing?
It is crucial for the formation and orientation of collagen fibers in the healing tissue.
p.27
Course Overview and Structure
What are common symptoms experienced during pregnancy?
Nausea, fatigue, and mood swings.
p.56
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What are some conditions associated with destructive processes in tissues?
Carcinoma, infection, and acute inflammatory processes.
p.38
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What is the role of vasodilatation in the healing process?
It allows increased blood flow to the area.
p.67
Required Texts and References for the Course
What is the main subject of 'Therapeutic Electrophysical Agents: Evidence Behind Practice'?
The evidence supporting the use of therapeutic electrophysical agents.
p.62
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What is the concern with demyelinated nerves in therapy?
They may be more susceptible to injury from thermal agents.
p.20
Assessment Methods and Weighting
How is outcome evaluation conducted in EPT?
By assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do heat agents affect muscle tone?
They decrease muscle tone.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do heat agents facilitate stretching and mobilization?
By increasing collagen extensibility.
p.19
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What are the physiological effects of electrotherapy?
Changes in tissue function and cellular activity due to energy delivery.
p.61
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What devices are contraindicated for shortwave therapy?
Pacemaker / electronic implant / metal implant.
p.33
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What local area consideration is crucial for individuals with implants?
Safety precautions must be taken around the implant site.
p.50
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What role does shivering play in homeothermy?
Shivering generates heat through muscle activity, helping to raise body temperature in cold conditions.
p.43
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
Why is vascular supply important for healing?
Adequate vascular supply is essential for delivering nutrients and oxygen to the injury site.
p.33
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What local area consideration is important for reproductive health?
Safety precautions around reproductive organs.
p.3
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What should you do after leaving the lab?
Tidy up and clean the lab.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is the effect of heat agents on cutaneous thermoreceptor firing?
They increase cutaneous thermoreceptor firing.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
Why is patient knowledge important in evidence-based practice?
It helps tailor care to individual patient needs and preferences.
p.19
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is meant by 'therapeutic effect' in electrotherapy?
The intended health benefits achieved through the application of electrical energy.
p.61
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Which infectious condition is a contraindication?
Infection / Tuberculosis.
p.61
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What is a contraindication for using infra-red therapy?
Application to the eyes region.
p.39
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What types of responses are involved in the inflammatory process?
Cellular response and immune response.
p.55
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is the primary purpose of vasodilatation during the acute stage?
To facilitate healing by increasing the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the injured tissue.
p.55
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What role does vasodilatation play in the chronic stage of injury?
It may be less effective, as the body may not respond as strongly to inflammation.
p.3
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What is expected regarding materials before the lesson?
Download and pre-read them.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
How do beliefs and values influence evidence-based practice?
They shape the clinician's approach and patient care decisions.
p.61
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What is a contraindication for therapy related to tissue bleeding?
Recent or potential tissue bleeding.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
How do patient preferences impact clinical decisions?
They guide the choice of interventions and treatment plans.
p.19
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What is the importance of progression in electrotherapy?
To ensure the treatment adapts to the patient's response and recovery.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are examples of water therapy?
Whirlpool, Contra bath, Hydrotherapy.
p.20
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What are therapeutic effects of EPT?
Pain reduction and increased tissue extensibility.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do heat agents affect blood flow?
They increase blood flow.
p.43
Tissue Repair Process and Factors Affecting Healing
What impact do hormones have on healing?
Hormones can influence various physiological processes that affect healing.
p.19
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is the primary focus of electrotherapy?
The delivery of energy to achieve physiological and therapeutic effects.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are examples of superficial heating agents?
Hot pack, Infra-red, Wax.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What types of therapies fall under the electromagnetic category?
Light therapy, Laser, Magnetic therapy.
p.19
Assessment Methods and Weighting
How is dosage calculated in electrotherapy?
Based on the patient's condition, treatment goals, and the specific parameters of the therapy.
p.27
Course Overview and Structure
What are some lifestyle changes recommended during pregnancy?
Avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, and maintaining a balanced diet.
p.20
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What is an indication for the use of EPT?
Muscle treatment and control of swelling.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is evidence-based practice?
A practice that integrates clinical expertise, patient values, and the best available research evidence.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
How do heat agents contribute to pain control?
They utilize pain gate control mechanisms.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is practice-generated knowledge?
Knowledge gained from clinical practice and patient interactions.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What cooling agents are used in thermal therapy?
Ice pack, Cold compression device.
p.3
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What is the dress code for practical sessions?
Appropriate dressing is required.
p.20
Practical Session Guidelines and Requirements
What should be considered in methods of application for EPT?
Set up procedures for the patient.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What types of research contribute to evidence?
Both published and unpublished research.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are the categories of Electrophysical Agents (EPA)?
Thermal, Electromagnetic, Mechanical, Water, Compression, Endermotherapy, Extracorporeal shockwave.
p.19
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What factors determine patient indication for electrotherapy?
Patient's condition, treatment goals, and individual response to therapy.
p.19
Assessment Methods and Weighting
How is evaluation conducted in electrotherapy?
By assessing the patient's response to treatment and adjusting as necessary.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are examples of compression therapy?
Stocking, Pneumatic compression.
p.20
Assessment Methods and Weighting
What are adjustable parameters in EPT?
Settings that can be modified during treatment.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What effect do heat agents have on motor neuron activity?
They decrease motor neuron activity.
p.54
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Heat Agents
What is the effect of heat agents on collagen extensibility?
They increase collagen extensibility.
p.14
Electrophysical Therapy Definition and Categories
What are examples of deep-heating agents in the thermal category?
Short-wave diathermy, TECAR.
p.18
Evidence-Based Practice in Electrophysical Therapy
What is the significance of interaction in evidence-based practice?
It fosters collaboration between clinician and patient for better outcomes.
p.61
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
What type of tumor is a contraindication for therapy?
Malignant tumour / Recent radiated tissue.
p.61
Contraindications and Precautions in Therapy
Is pregnancy a contraindication for therapy?
Yes, pregnancy is a contraindication.
