An aroused, motivated state that arises from a physiological need, such as hunger or thirst.
Socio-cultural influences refer to the effects that society and culture have on individuals' attitudes and behaviors, particularly regarding sexuality.
Roughly 3-4% of people report same-sex attraction in the US and Europe.
Environmental factors influence both when to eat and what to eat, including taste preferences.
Early searches for environmental influences on sexual orientation offered little insight, showing that factors like parental relationships, childhood sexual experiences, peer relationships, and dating history did not differ significantly between gay, lesbian, and heterosexual individuals.
Physiology and biology, along with significant psychological and socio-cultural influences.
Unlike hunger, sex is not an actual need; we need food, but we want sex.
Some studies have shown that painkillers targeting physical pain can lessen our experience of social pain.
A basic requirement for human survival, such as food or water, that creates a psychological drive to fulfill it.
Arousal Theory posits that human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels of arousal.
Hypovolemic Thirst is signalled by decreased extracellular fluid volumes, often experienced after exercising, which causes loss of water and electrolytes.
Hunger is the physiological sensation that prompts an individual to seek food, driven by the body's need for energy and nutrients.
Hunger is the physiological sensation that prompts an individual to seek food, driven by the body's need for energy and nutrients.
Sex hormones initiate sexual maturation, which includes the development of sex characteristics and sexual interest.
Sex hormones fall in both men and women during aging, with a more pronounced decrease in women, particularly during menopause.
Intrinsic motivation is the desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.
The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is an area within the central nervous system that regulates appetite by surveying the bodily environment and signaling hunger when blood glucose levels decrease.
Sexual orientation refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels towards individuals of the same or different genders.
Hunger is influenced not only by physiological and chemical regulation but also by psychological factors.
The main male sex hormone that plays a significant role in sexual behaviors.
The benefits of belonging include increased social support, enhanced emotional well-being, and a sense of security and identity, which can make individuals feel more powerful and capable.
Psychological states can influence our food preferences, and our food choices can influence our psychological states.
At low levels of arousal, performance is typically suboptimal.
When given more selections, people eat larger quantities.
Loss of appetite indicates a decrease in the desire to eat, which can be influenced by various physiological and psychological factors.
Sexual Orientation refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels towards individuals of the same or different genders.
In the plateau stage, excitement peaks with rising breathing, pulse, and blood pressure; the penis becomes fully erect and may secrete some semen at its tip.
The process of satisfying a physiological need, such as eating when hungry or drinking when thirsty.
When all biological needs are met, humans will seek out stimulation.
Instinct Theory is a motivation theory that suggests certain behaviors are innate and genetically predisposed in species, influencing actions such as fears, prosocial behavior, romance, and attraction.
Attachment bonds motivated caregivers to keep children close and foster their development.
Peer influence has little to no effect on sexual orientation, although it can predict teens' sexual attitudes and behavior.
We eat more with friends and less on a date.
The Psychology of Hunger refers to the study of how psychological factors influence eating behaviors, including emotional responses to food consumption.
Historically, homosexuality was often viewed as a psychological disorder, leading to various psychiatric approaches aimed at 'curing' it.
Homosexuality was removed as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-3) in 1987.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs prioritizes survival-based needs and then social needs more than the needs for esteem and meaning.
Body cues are physiological signals that indicate the need for food, influencing when to eat.
Most children raised by gay or lesbian parents display gender-typical behaviors and are heterosexual, growing up with health and emotional wellbeing similar to or better than children with straight parents.
Sexual attitudes and behaviors vary dramatically based on culture and era, reflecting the changing norms and values of society.
A pyramid of human needs that outlines which needs must be satisfied before individuals can fulfill higher-level needs.
It implies that community and social connections are essential for the upbringing and development of children.
PYY is a digestive tract hormone that sends signals to the brain to decrease hunger.
The older brother effect is a phenomenon where men with several older biological brothers are more likely to identify as gay, potentially due to a maternal immune system reaction.
Instinct Theory suggests that there is a genetic basis for unlearned, species-typical behavior, such as birds building nests or infants rooting for a nipple.
A theory that proposes that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, which can vary from person to person.
A theory that prioritizes some needs over others in motivating behavior.
External stimuli are anything you see, hear, or read that contains erotic or arousing content, such as physical content, watching erotic scenes, or implied sexual situations.
Motivation is the needs or desires that energize and direct our behaviours.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a balanced or steady internal state in the body, often using biological feedback systems.
Sociality refers to the tendency of individuals to associate and form social bonds with others, often leading to cooperative behaviors and group living.
The Need to Belong is a fundamental human motivation that drives individuals to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships and social connections.
Instincts are viewed as the source of our motivations, but this perspective is largely insufficient to describe the full host of human physiological needs and psychological wants.
Sex can be a very powerful motivator.
Peers' attitudes predict teens' sexual attitudes and behavior, but do not predict same-sex attraction.
Larger portion sizes result in larger consumption.
Attraction to the opposite gender.
Being Satiated refers to the state of feeling full and having no desire to eat, indicating that the body's energy needs have been met.
During the excitement stage, genital areas become engorged with blood, the clitoris or penis swell, a woman's vagina expands and secretes lubricant, and breasts and nipples may enlarge.
Bisexuality refers to the sexual attraction to both males and females.
The main female sex hormones that influence sexual behaviors.
Research indicated that gay and lesbian individuals were no more likely than heterosexual individuals to have experienced excessive maternal love or paternal neglect.
Ostracism is the act of being socially excluded, which threatens the need to belong.
Extrinsic motivation refers to behaving in certain ways to gain external rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
Gifted children are able learners who demonstrate advanced abilities in specific areas.
The direction of our sexual attractions, as reflected in our longings and fantasies.
Attraction to the same gender.
Having no sexual attraction to anyone.
In the Incan Empire, sexual orientation was less documented, but there were instances of same-sex relationships, particularly among the nobility, which were sometimes accepted.
The Need to Belong refers to the fundamental human desire to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships, as humans are inherently social beings.
A complex behavior that is rigidly engrained into a species.
Feeling part of a group boosts people’s health and well-being.
Chemical substances that play a crucial role in sexual development, maturation, and behaviors.
They prompt sexual maturation.
At high levels of arousal, performance decreases.
American football fans tend to increase their consumption of foods high in caloric content and saturated fatty acids after their team experiences a loss.
A psychological theory that suggests that motivation arises from the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
The sexual response cycle consists of defined physiological stages including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
In the Han Dynasty, sexual orientation was often influenced by Confucian values, which emphasized family lineage and procreation, leading to a complex view of same-sex relationships.
During the resolution stage, the body gradually returns to its unaroused state, with genital blood vessels releasing accumulated blood. For men, this happens quickly after orgasm, leading to a refractory period, while women have a shorter refractory period allowing for additional orgasms if restimulated.
Sexuality refers to the capacity for sexual feelings, encompassing a range of behaviors, identities, and orientations related to sexual attraction and relationships.
An integrated approach to health/wellness that incorporates biological, psychological, and socio-cultural influences.
Carbohydrate rich foods cause the secretion of serotonin, which can have calming effects.
Ghrelin is a hormone secreted by an empty stomach that sends signals to the brain to increase hunger.
Leptin is a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that, when abundant, causes the brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger.
Sexual orientation refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels towards individuals of the same or different genders.
The order that food is presented in a buffet impacts proportional consumption.
Drive-Reduction Theory explains that physiological needs, such as hunger and thirst, create an aroused state that drives us to reduce the need, for example, by eating or drinking.
Homosexuality is the sexual attraction to individuals of the same gender.
A theory that suggests physiological needs create an aroused, motivated state that pushes us to reduce that need, known as a drive.
A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for control; and for attaining a high standard.
Osmotic Thirst is signalled by decreased intracellular fluid reserves and is induced by eating or drinking things high in mineral or salt concentrations, which draws water out of your cells.
Adults who formed attachments were more likely to survive and reproduce.
Social isolation elicits activity in the same areas of the brain as real pain.
The Physiology of Hunger refers to the biological processes and mechanisms that regulate the sensation of hunger and the physiological responses associated with it, including hormonal signals and neural pathways.
Accomplished adults are characterized as tenacious doers who persist in their efforts to achieve success.
The Set Point is a biological control method that actively regulates weight towards a predetermined set weight for each unique individual, influenced by energy intake and energy expenditure.
Responses to inner pushes that motivate behavior.
Attraction to either gender.
Heterosexuality is the sexual attraction to individuals of the opposite gender.
Asexuality is the lack of sexual attraction to others, or low interest in sexual activity.
Grit is defined as passionate dedication to an ambitious, long-term goal.
The need to build and maintain relationships and to feel a part of a group.
Increased social acceptance leads people to be more likely to report their sexual orientation accurately.
Orexin is a hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.
They facilitate sexual behaviors.
Moderate levels of arousal are considered optimal for performance.
Children given adult-sized utensils will eat more than when given children-sized utensils.
Being Hungry refers to the physiological state where the body signals a need for food intake due to energy deficits.
In Ancient Greece, sexual orientation was more fluid, with same-sex relationships being socially accepted and often idealized, particularly between older men and younger boys.
Physiological responses associated with sexual arousal include elevated heart rate, increased blood flow, and hormonal release.
The evolutionary perspective has largely replaced Instinct Theory, emphasizing the role of genes in shaping species-typical behavior.
They direct sexual development during the prenatal stage.
Genetics and biology play a role in sexual orientation, as same-sex orientation appears to run in families and is more common among identical twins than fraternal twins.
When the body detects decreased blood glucose, it signals an increase in hunger to encourage food consumption.
The Jacksonville Jaguars have a win percentage of .410, with 128 wins and 182 losses since 2003.
The main types of Sexual Orientation include heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality.
The intrinsic motivation to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships.
Imagined stimuli refer to stimuli in our imagination that are not rooted in a physical sensory experience, including sexual fantasies and dreams.
It means that a person can pursue needs within each level simultaneously, but achieving higher-tier needs is challenging when lower-tier needs are unmet.
The Psychology of Hunger involves the mental and emotional factors that influence eating behavior, including psychological triggers, emotional states, and learned associations with food.
Prenatal hormonal conditions can impact a fetus' sexual orientation, with evidence suggesting a stronger effect on females.
Genetically predisposed behaviors that drive motivation.
The theory that suggests there are right levels of stimulation for optimal motivation.
Attraction not tied to any specific gender.
Sexual attraction in fruit flies can be altered by manipulating a single gene, indicating a biological basis for sexual orientation.
Perpetual consumption refers to the continuous intake of food, which can occur when appetite regulation is disrupted.
Sexual Orientation refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels towards individuals of the same or different gender.
A motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.
The orgasm stage is characterized by muscle contractions throughout the body, further increases in breathing, pulse, and blood pressure, and pleasurable feelings that are difficult to distinguish between the sexes.
Conversion therapies are practices aimed at changing an individual's gender identity or sexual orientation, often involving psychological interventions.
Arousal Theory posits that our need to maintain an optimal level of arousal motivates behaviors that meet no physiological need, such as our yearning for stimulation and our hunger for information.
Set Point Theory is the concept that the body has a predetermined weight that it actively regulates through mechanisms controlling energy intake and expenditure.
In Ancient Egypt, sexual orientation was not strictly defined, and there are records of same-sex relationships, particularly in the context of religious practices and mythology.
