The positive events and influences in life.
A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.
To change negative thought patterns and behaviors.
They are used by individuals to process activating events.
They were dissatisfied with the clinical results of psychoanalysis.
Beliefs that are unrealistic and can lead to negative emotions and behaviors.
Cognitive restructuring.
A Russian physiologist who investigated the digestive systems of dogs.
Treatment methods or intentional activities that aim to cultivate positive feelings, behaviors, or cognitions.
Excessive responsibility.
As a computer.
Anxiety, depression, and various mental health disorders.
Happiness, joy, inspiration, and love.
Capacity for love and vocation, courage, interpersonal skill, perseverance, forgiveness, originality, future mindedness, wisdom.
Civic virtues, responsibility, altruism, tolerance, work ethic.
By applying positivity within institutions.
More adaptive responses such as relaxation, exercise, or sexual arousal.
Specifying behaviors and determining whether they should increase, decrease, or be reinforced in appropriate situations.
It emphasizes the beliefs individuals use to process activating events.
To use positive psychology to relieve depression.
By directly building positive emotions, character strengths, and meaning.
For example, head banging can lead to the withdrawal of a special treat.
Muscle relaxation.
Engagement.
Encourage individuals to reflect on positive experiences.
Encouraging individuals to visualize their best self.
To strengthen personal motivation for and commitment to a specific goal.
The person's own reasons for change.
Awareness of self differentiates our experiences from those of others.
The scientific study of what makes life most worth living.
To change negative thought patterns and behaviors.
Activating events, beliefs, and consequences.
Assertiveness and anxiety are incompatible; expressing oneself can inhibit anxieties over rejection, embarrassment, and failure.
PPIs focus on building strengths rather than fixing or remedying pathological issues.
In small steps, aiming for a low hierarchy.
To establish a reference point for comparison after interventions.
The belief that one must be perfect to be worthy.
Rejection by a lover.
Traditional psychology treats illnesses, while positive psychology promotes happiness.
Happiness.
Increased happiness and decreased depressive symptoms for six months.
The exploration of unconscious processes and childhood experiences.
Making the unconscious conscious.
To thrive and grow.
The language of change.
Accomplishments.
Mother.
They are considered a window into the unconscious mind.
The incongruity between a person's total experience and their self-concept.
He believed he could train any healthy infant to become any type of specialist regardless of their background.
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy.
Overgeneralizing.
Codes (changes) information.
Stores information.
As the absence of illness.
The outcomes or feelings resulting from beliefs about activating events.
Sigmund Freud.
A therapeutic process used to reduce anxiety by gradually exposing clients to anxiety-provoking scenarios.
Genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy.
Ranking scenarios from most to least anxiety-provoking.
To address ambivalence in the process of change.
The demand for immediate gratification.
It drives us towards fulfillment and can be derived from religion, work, raising children, and volunteering.
Having goals and ambition helps achieve a sense of accomplishment, pushing us to thrive and flourish.
The basic motivational force is a tendency toward actualization.
A state of congruence.
Finding a response that is incompatible with anxiety to pair with anxiety-evoking stimuli.
By taking average people up to 'great' rather than just moving those who are struggling to 'normal'.
45.
Programs aimed at fixing, remedying, or healing something that is pathological or deficient.
The anxiety at each level will be deconditioned.
Observing behaviors in their natural environment without interference.
Well-being.
Monitor the results and compare them with baseline measures.
It has revealed much about human shortcomings but little about potentialities and virtues.
Id, Superego, and Ego.
Mouth, thumb.
Competence.
Sensing the client’s experience.
Strategies to suppress desires.
An atmosphere of acceptance and compassion.
The projection of feelings and attitudes from one person onto the therapist.
We respond to reality as we experience it, not to some 'real' or 'pure' reality.
To address anxieties with interpersonal interactions.
To help clients become conscious of maladaptive cognitions.
Head banging leads to special attention.
Vulnerability to stress and impulses.
It stimulates the impulses they have been controlling.
Anger, distress, anxiety, depression.
Truthful self-expression.
If they experience anxiety, they should think about a relaxing scene.
As a collaborative, goal-oriented style of communication.
They express impulses without negative consequences, reducing their fear.
3-6 years.
Optimism vs. pessimism.
Well-being, contentment, satisfaction (past); flow and happiness (present); hope and optimism (future).
Strengths instead of weaknesses.
To weaken the bond between anxiety-provoking stimuli and the anxiety response.
The nature and development of psychological disorders.
Anxiety, depression, and various other mental health disorders.
Uses information.
It has an overly narrow focus on the negative aspects such as mental illness and trauma.
Negative symptoms.
Emotional and behavioral consequences.
Instant gratification.
Sigmund Freud.
Free association, confrontation, clarification, interpretation, and working through.
Mother’s breast, own body.
Stinginess vs. overgenerosity.
Father.
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy.
By teaching coping strategies and problem-solving skills.
To increase well-being.
Selective abstraction.
To improve daily activity, increase pleasurable events, and enhance feelings of mastery for those who are depressed.
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequences.
Behaviors that are followed by reinforcement, often leading to negative outcomes.
By reflecting on clients’ feelings so that they become conscious.
It has voluntarily restricted itself to only half of its rightful jurisdiction, focusing on the darker aspects.
Joy, happiness, satisfaction, well-being.
Providing acceptance and support regardless of what the client says or does.
They move up the anxiety hierarchy to a more anxiety-provoking scenario.
It mediates between the Id and the Superego, operating on the reality principle.
Fixation.
A psychologist known for his humanistic approach and received a Ph.D. in clinical psychology.
A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
Self-references.
Avoiding stimuli that elicit problem behavior and introducing stimuli that cue adaptive behavior.
Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, & Schkade.
They can contribute to anxiety, depression, and other psychological issues.
Using cognitive processes to create life, maximize pleasure, and minimize pain.
By introducing or removing reinforcement and teaching adaptive alternative behaviors.
Abraham Maslow.
That neurosis was a result of sexual conflict.
It involves remaining optimistic and viewing one’s past, present, and future constructively.
It denies earthly and immediate pleasures.
Id, Ego, and Superego.
Awareness of their defensive maneuvers, including symptoms.
Patients give up immature defenses and symptoms, leading to a more mature ego.
6-11 years.
Gratitude, resilience, and compassion.
To build the good in life instead of just repairing the bad.
Understanding how thoughts influence emotions and behaviors.
Operationalize target behavior by stating the problem and where it occurs.
By teaching coping strategies and problem-solving skills.
Cognitive restructuring.
They actively challenge irrational beliefs rather than being passive.
Retrieves information.
To increase the congruence between self and experience through a process of integration.
"Rejection was unfortunate."
An approach where clients direct the flow of therapy.
Unconscious reactions reminiscent of childhood experiences, such as parent rejection.
Panic that their impulses may get out of control, leading to fear of punishment.
It floods the body with positive neurotransmitters and hormones, elevating one’s sense of well-being.
Positive relationships are key to overall joy and provide support during difficult times.
Genital primacy and sexual partner.
Free association.
The inherent tendency of the organism to develop all its capacities to enhance itself.
Rarely does a total state of congruence exist.
To develop an effective new philosophy.
Events that trigger thoughts and beliefs in individuals.
Activating events, beliefs, and consequences.
Happiness, well-being, strengths, and flourishing.
Gratitude visit.
Pathological gambling.
Participants who continued performing the exercises maintained benefits for a longer time.
2-3 years.
Vanity vs. self-hatred.
Meaning.
It represents moral standards and ideals acquired from parents and society.
The need for positive regard: to be prized, accepted, and loved.
Weaknesses.
Usually between 5 to 20 sessions.
Problem-oriented, directive, and psychoeducational.
"I will never be successful."
Positive Emotions.
It can increase the likelihood of the behavior occurring again.
Identifying signature strengths.
To compromise between the Id and Superego.
It represents primal desires and operates on the pleasure principle.
Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency period, Genital stage.
Pessimism, due to the belief that needs will not be met.
