It becomes harder to detect a signal as background noise increases.
Tendencies to make one type of guess over another when uncertain.
Reporting that a sound was heard when it was present.
The sensation experienced is determined by the nature of the sense receptor, not the stimulus.
Vivid sensations of light caused by pressure on the eye's receptor cells.
An illusion where conflicting visual and auditory information produces a different perceived sound.
It integrates visual and auditory information to calculate the most probable sound.
Participants perceive the rubber hand as their own when both hands are stroked simultaneously.
An eerie illusion due to cross-modal effects.
A condition where people experience cross-modal sensations, like hearing sounds when seeing colors.
Sir Francis Galton in 1880.
To sample food before swallowing it, helping us identify safe and unsafe foods.
Culture shapes what we perceive as delicious or disgusting, leading to pronounced differences in food choices.
A taste for fatty foods.
Most people lose some hearing ability, especially for high-frequency sounds, due to the loss of sensory cells and degeneration of the auditory nerve.
They work together to enhance our liking of some foods and our disliking of others.
It views attention as a bottleneck through which information passes, allowing us to focus on important stimuli.
There is a constant proportional relationship between the JND and the original stimulus intensity.
They are specialized cells responsible for converting external stimuli into neural activity for specific sensory systems.
Blindness is the inability to see or having vision less than or equal to 20/200.
By relying more on other senses, particularly touch.
TN was able to navigate an obstacle course despite being cortically blind, demonstrating blindsight.
Their visual cortex becomes activated.
Ben Underwood used clicking noises to navigate his surroundings, demonstrating a form of echolocation.
Prosopagnosia.
Prosopagnosia can result.
By comparing visual frames, similar to frames in a movie.
A disorder where patients cannot perceive ongoing motion due to missing frames of still images.
The ability to see spatial relations in three dimensions.
Stimuli that enable us to judge depth using both eyes.
Research demonstrates that synaesthesia is a genuine condition.
Dogs have a superior sense of smell and can identify people with certain cancers by detecting specific odours.
Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami.
Air-borne chemicals that interact with receptors in the nasal passages.
The fusiform gyrus.
Sprawling networks of neurons are responsible for face recognition.
The process where the response to a stimulus declines after initial detection to conserve energy and attentional resources.
The lowest level of a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
Echolocation is the ability to detect objects by emitting sounds and listening to the echoes, which some blind individuals can use to navigate.
About 1 in 2000 people.
Transduction.
How we perceive sensory stimuli based on their physical characteristics.
The smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that can be detected.
The visual cortex undergoes changes that make it sensitive to touch inputs, allowing for tasks like reading Braille.
Non-facial cues like freckles, weight, eyeglasses, and clothing.
Smell (olfaction) and taste (gustation).
Select one sensory channel and ignore or minimize others.
It demonstrates how participants can focus on one message while ignoring another, revealing the limits of attention.
A theory that helps determine how stimuli are detected under uncertain conditions.
The ability to visualize a face as a whole rather than the sum of its parts.
The illusory perception of movement produced by the successive flashing of images.
Stimuli that enable us to judge depth using only one eye.
The ability to judge the distance of moving objects based on their speed.
More-distant objects appear smaller than closer objects.
They fire selectively in response to celebrity faces.
Cataracts and glaucoma.
Blindsight.
Visual stimuli enhance touch perception in the somatosensory cortex.
Brain plasticity refers to the ability of certain brain regions to take over functions previously assigned to others, such as touch processing in blind individuals.
The idea that each neuron might store a single memory.
Navigating our social worlds and following plots in movies.
As many as 2 percent.
