p.2
Cheilitis and Actinic Keratosis
What is a significant risk associated with Cheilitis?
It is a precancerous condition that increases the risk of skin cancer.
p.5
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
What are the types of pemphigus mentioned?
Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigus foliaceus, and Paraneoplastic Pemphigus.
p.2
Periodontal Disease Overview
What are the two main processes involved in periodontal disease?
Gingivitis and periodontitis.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
What is lichen planus?
A chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
What are the six etiopathological forms of lichen planus?
Reticular, atrophic, bullous, erosive, papular, and plaque-like forms.
p.3
Gingivitis and Its Stages
Does chronic gingivitis affect the periodontal ligament or bone?
No, it does not, making it reversible.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
What syndrome includes ulcers in children?
Periodic fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis, and adenopathy (PFAPA) syndrome.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
What is the demographic predilection for recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Slight female predilection, commonly seen in teenagers and early adulthood.
p.5
Erythema Multiforme and Associated Conditions
What are common lesions associated with erythema multiforme?
Multiple oral ulcers and red macules with a bluish cyanotic center.
p.2
Cheilitis and Actinic Keratosis
What are the histopathological changes observed in the vermilion border due to Cheilitis?
Atrophy to hyperplasia, varying degrees of keratinization, increased mitotic activity, and intact basement membrane.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
What is the appearance of the basal cell layer in oral lichen planus?
Typically bulbous or 'saw-tooth'.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
What triggers lichenoid reactions?
Known triggers such as certain drugs.
p.4
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
What characterizes pemphigus?
Groups of serous chronic skin diseases with vesicles and bullae.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
What is the etiology of lichen planus?
Unknown, but associated with cell-mediated immune response.
p.5
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
What is the consequence of antibodies binding to desmosomes in pemphigus vulgaris?
Detachment of the epithelium, leading to vesicle formation with fluid.
p.5
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
What remains attached to the basement membrane in pemphigus vulgaris?
The layer of basal cells.
p.5
Erythema Multiforme and Associated Conditions
What triggers erythema multiforme?
An immune-mediated abnormal T-cell response.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Describe minor aphthae.
The most common type, shallow ulcers 3-7mm across with an erythematous margin and yellowish floor, can be one or several.
p.2
Cheilitis and Actinic Keratosis
What is Cheilitis also known as?
Actinic keratosis, solar cheilosis, or cheilitis.
p.5
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
What do antibodies in pemphigus vulgaris target?
Desmoglein 1 or 3, which are parts of the desmosomes.
p.5
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
What type of cells are found in the fluid of vesicles in pemphigus vulgaris?
Acantholytic or Tzanck cells.
p.5
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
What characterizes the inflammation in pemphigus vulgaris?
Almost without inflammation and without damage to the connective tissue.
p.5
Erythema Multiforme and Associated Conditions
What infections are associated with erythema multiforme?
HSV (61-100% in adults and 35% in children) and Mycoplasma pneumonia with Epstein-Barr.
p.2
Pathogenesis of Oral Ulcers
What are the histopathological features of non-specific ulceration?
Formation of fibrin clot with granulation tissue, acute and chronic inflammation, pustules, intraepithelial hemorrhage, and degradation of superficial skeletal muscle fibers.
p.3
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What is the nature of chronic gingivitis?
It is asymptomatic with low-grade inflammation.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Which diseases are associated with recurrent aphthous ulcers?
Behcet disease, Crohn disease, HIV, hematinic deficiencies, cyclic neutropenia, hypersensitivity reactions.
p.3
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What characterizes initial gingivitis?
Supragingival, thin gram+ plaque, vasodilation, and infiltration of neutrophils.
p.3
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What characterizes established chronic gingivitis?
Gram-, anaerobic plaque with species like Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
What characterizes major aphthae?
Uncommon, large ulcers several centimeters across, may mimic malignant ulcers, persist for several months, and can cause scarring.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
What are Civatte bodies?
Apoptotic or necrotic keratinocytes at the basement membrane.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
What are the features suggesting a lichenoid reaction?
Onset associated with potential cause, unilateral lesions, unusual severity, widespread skin lesions, localized lesions in contact with potential cause.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
What are the three patterns of recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Minor aphthae, major aphthae, and herpetiform aphthae.
p.4
Lichen Planus and Its Forms
In which demographic is lichen planus more prevalent?
Women in their 60s, with a 1.5 to 3 fold increase.
p.2
Cheilitis and Actinic Keratosis
What is solar elastosis?
Degradation of connective tissue affecting DNA, leading to basophilic degeneration.
p.2
Periodontal Disease Overview
What structures are affected by periodontal disease?
Gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone.
p.2
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What is the primary cause of gingivitis?
Dental plaque accumulation, which can form tartar.
p.4
Pemphigus and Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
How do pemphigus lesions develop?
In cycles, getting better then worse.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
What are herpetiform aphthae?
Uncommon, small ulcers 1-2 mm across, may merge to form irregular ulcers, with widespread bright erythema around them.
p.3
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What are the three stages of gingivitis?
Initial gingivitis, early gingivitis, and established chronic gingivitis.
p.3
Periodontitis Classification
What is periodontitis?
An inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of the tooth.
p.1
Pathogenesis of Oral Ulcers
What is a key aspect of the pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous ulcers?
Cross-reactions of antigens of Streptococcus mutans with mitochondrial HSP.
p.3
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What induces chronic gingivitis?
Bacterial plaque affecting the edges of the gums.
p.1
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
What is complex aphthosis?
Lesions associated with syndromes affecting the skin.
p.3
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What happens during early gingivitis?
Gram+ plaque grows, with Actinomycetes spp. becoming predominant.
p.5
Erythema Multiforme and Associated Conditions
What percentage of erythema multiforme cases are drug-related?
10-50% (including NSAIDs, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals).
p.3
Periodontal Disease Overview
What is a periodontal abscess?
Acute inflammation in the periodontal pocket, resulting from host-bacterial imbalance.
p.2
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What are the determinants of oral health?
Behavioral factors, environmental risk factors, genetic factors, and epigenetic factors.
p.2
Gingivitis and Its Stages
What are the clinical features of gingivitis?
Increased redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gingiva.
p.3
Periodontitis Classification
What are the classifications of periodontitis?
Chronic, aggressive, and as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
p.3
Chronic Periodontitis and Tooth Loss
What are common symptoms of chronic periodontitis?
Minimum symptoms and common cause of halitosis.
