不透明
2.5 ～ 3
塊狀、楹柱狀、纖維狀、放射狀、厚板狀、葡萄狀、鐘乳狀、樹枝狀、雞冠狀等。
It has three equal-length axes that are mutually orthogonal.
1.
Cleavage is the tendency to split along specific planes, while fracture occurs in irregular patterns.
用於評估礦物的硬度標準。
4-5.
1. Isometric, 2. Tetragonal, 3. Hexagonal, 4. Orthorhombic, 5. Monoclinic, 6. Triclinic.
單斜、斜方、三斜晶系
3.6 ～ 4.0
具三組完全解理互不直交
1. Granular, 2. Platy or tabular, 3. Columnar or needle-like.
Metallic minerals generally have a higher specific gravity than non-metallic minerals.
The color of the mineral powder.
3.5
硬度愈大。
It has three axes of unequal lengths that are mutually orthogonal.
It shows sharp bumps and hollows, resembling a saw tooth.
Luster is the shine produced when light reflects off the mineral's surface.
By using a nail to scratch them; Calcite will leave a scratch, Quartz will not.
以鐵、鎂氧化物為主成分。
銅灰、鐵黑或紅褐
在硬度較低的礦物上刻鑿出痕跡。
The fracture is rough with significant bumps and hollows.
2.9 ～ 3.8
晶系、晶癖、結晶集合體形態、硬度、顏色、條痕、解理、斷口、光澤、比重、透明度等。
依據晶軸間相互的關係可分為六大晶系。
由許多同一種礦物個體的集合方式。
Conchoidal fracture.
It has three axes that are mutually orthogonal, with two horizontal axes of equal length and one vertical axis that is either longer or shorter.
遇冷稀鹽酸會起氣泡，是辨識上的一大重要特徵。
It has three axes of unequal lengths that are all oblique to each other.
玻璃、絹絲或珍珠光澤
It refers to the degree to which light can pass through the mineral.
造岩礦物是組成岩石的主要礦物，百分之九十以上是矽酸鹽類礦物。
礦物的軟硬程度。
原生礦物是直接源自於岩漿冷凝所成的礦物。
淺黃、棕黃或淺棕
SiO2
The fracture appears soil-like.
由一種或多種造岩礦物組成。
Gypsum.
六方晶系
10.
It has four axes: three horizontal axes of equal length that intersect at 60 degrees, and a fourth axis that is vertical and not equal in length to the horizontal axes.
It has three axes of unequal lengths, with two horizontal axes that are oblique to each other and a third axis that is vertical to the two horizontal axes.
會起氣泡
It is the weight of the mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water.
晶體是由於原子構造通常一定，在適當的生成環境下形成的表面平滑的有規律多面體。
CaCO3
(Mg,Fe)2 SiO4
7.
The fracture is generally flat, despite some roughness.
黃棕
Metallic luster and non-metallic luster.
Transparent, translucent, and opaque.
橄欖石、輝石、角閃石、黑雲母、白雲母、正長石、斜長石和石英。
以矽、鋁氧化物為主要成分。
珍珠或土狀光澤
利用隨身常見的物品，如小刀、銅幣、指甲等。
白或灰
It refers to minerals that have a less pronounced metallic luster.
石英、長石、粘土。
次生礦物是原生礦物經由化學風化之後所形成的新礦物。
兩組良好解理互成直角
The mineral breaks into fine splinters.
礦物是天然產生的均質固體，經由無機作用所生成，具有一定的化學組成及物理性質。
石英、長石、黑雲母。
It refers to the development of a single crystal in three-dimensional space under appropriate formation conditions.
Adamantine, vitreous, resinous, greasy, pearly, silky, and earthy.
輝石、長石、橄欖石。
雖然礦物有二千餘種，但96%以上的地殼是由十餘種常見造岩礦物所組成。
