Question 1

HIV entry inhibitors impair the ability of HIV to fuse with and enter ___ lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

CD4

Question 2

Vaccines act as an ___ that induces the immune system to generate virus-specific antibodies.

Accepted Answer

antigen

Question 3

Adverse effects of integrase inhibitors include myopathy, neuropathy, lipodystrophy syndrome, blood dyscrasias, ___ distress, and immune reactions.

Accepted Answer

GI

Question 4

Tetracycline can cause sensitivity to ___.

Accepted Answer

UV light

Question 5

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) often involves the simultaneous use of at least ___ anti-HIV agents.

Accepted Answer

three

Question 6

A nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) example is ___.

Accepted Answer

Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)

Question 7

HAART increases the risk for drug-drug ___ and metabolic disorders that affect lipid and glucose metabolism.

Accepted Answer

interactions

Question 8

___ are anti-HIV drugs that inhibit the enzyme responsible for integrating viral DNA into the host genome.

Accepted Answer

Integrase inhibitors

Question 9

An objective is to list the medications used as ___ drugs.

Accepted Answer

anti-HIV

Question 10

Certain types of interferons can be administered to treat specific ___.

Accepted Answer

viruses

Question 11

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors prevent the conversion of viral ___ to viral ___.

Accepted Answer

RNA, DNA

Question 12

Current vaccines target viral infections including polio, smallpox, rabies, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A and B, ___ and COVID-19.

Accepted Answer

influenza

Question 13

___ are anti-HIV drugs that prevent the maturation of viral proteins by inhibiting the protease enzyme.

Accepted Answer

Protease inhibitors

Question 14

Vaccines help control viral infections by stimulating the body's ___ response.

Accepted Answer

immune

Question 15

Antifungal drugs often target the synthesis of ___, a key component of fungal cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

ergosterol

Question 16

Interferons are synthesized as part of the ___ response to viral infection.

Accepted Answer

immune

Question 17

Adverse effects of HIV entry inhibitors include myopathy, neuropathy, blood dyscrasias, ___ distress, and immune reactions.

Accepted Answer

GI

Question 18

Adherence to HAART is often difficult because of the potential for ___ effects.

Accepted Answer

side

Question 19

A common adverse effect of protease inhibitors is ___.

Accepted Answer

lipodystrophy syndrome

Question 20

Tetracyclines and erythromycin inhibit ___ synthesis.

Accepted Answer

protein

Question 21

Sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones inhibit ___ synthesis and function.

Accepted Answer

DNA/RNA

Question 22

Interferons are proteins that interfere with viral ___ and boost the immune response.

Accepted Answer

replication

Question 23

Interferons are a group of ___ with beneficial pharmacological and physiological effects.

Accepted Answer

proteins

Question 24

An example of an integrase inhibitor is ___.

Accepted Answer

raltegravir (Isentress)

Question 25

Protease inhibitors block the function of the enzyme ___.

Accepted Answer

HIV protease

Question 26

To manage the adverse effects of anti-HIV drugs, physical therapists should implement exercise interventions to maintain ___ and ___.

Accepted Answer

muscle strength, function

Question 27

Systemic antifungal drugs can cause ___ distress if absorbed.

Accepted Answer

GI

Question 28

Excessive use of antifungal drugs may cause ___.

Accepted Answer

resistance

Question 29

One common adverse effect of antiviral drugs is ___ toxicity.

Accepted Answer

renal

Question 30

Antiviral drugs are usually ___ rather than virucidal.

Accepted Answer

virustatic

Question 31

___ is an antifungal drug that inhibits the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase.

Accepted Answer

Fluconazole

Question 32

___ is an antifungal drug that disrupts microtubule function, inhibiting fungal cell division.

Accepted Answer

Griseofulvin

Question 33

Control of viral infection with vaccines is mostly conducted by administering small amounts of the ___ virus.

Accepted Answer

modified

Question 34

Integrase inhibitors inhibit HIV integrase, an enzyme that splices viral DNA into ___ DNA.

Accepted Answer

host cell

Question 35

One of the risks associated with HAART is the development of ___ to anti-HIV drugs.

Accepted Answer

resistance

Question 36

Healthcare providers should be informed about adverse effects such as myopathy, neuropathy, and ___ syndrome when using integrase inhibitors.

Accepted Answer

lipodystrophy

Question 37

Common adverse effects of antifungal drugs include ___ and ___ problems.

Accepted Answer

headache, GI

Question 38

Fluoroquinolones can cause ___ damage.

Accepted Answer

tendon

Question 39

One objective is to understand the ___ of action and adverse effects of various categories of antiviral drugs.

Accepted Answer

mechanism

Question 40

Listing the advantages and disadvantages of ___ is an objective.

Accepted Answer

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Question 41

An example of an HIV entry inhibitor is ___.

Accepted Answer

enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

Question 42

The initial treatment of HIV infection often involves the use of two nucleoside RTIs and one ___ RTI.

Accepted Answer

nonnucleoside

Question 43

Common adverse effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors include ___ and ___.

Accepted Answer

myopathy, neuropathy

Question 44

For both HIV entry inhibitors and integrase inhibitors, it is important to implement exercise interventions to maintain ___ strength and function.

Accepted Answer

muscle

Question 45

HAART may cause toxicity of the ___, kidneys, and other organs.

Accepted Answer

liver

Question 46

An example of a protease inhibitor is ___.

Accepted Answer

Amprenavir (Agenerase)

Question 47

Serious side effects of antifungal drugs can include ___ and ___.

Accepted Answer

hepatotoxicity, blood dyscrasias

Question 48

Antiviral drugs work by inhibiting the ___ of viruses.

Accepted Answer

replication

Question 49

Antiviral drugs typically inhibit ___ enzymes.

Accepted Answer

viral

Question 50

Echinocandins inhibit the synthesis of ___, an essential component of the fungal cell wall.

Accepted Answer

β-glucan

Question 51

Interferons allow healthy cells to resist infection from a wide array of ___.

Accepted Answer

viruses

Question 52

It is easier to develop ___ that prevent viral infection than to develop drugs that destroy the virus once it has infected human cells.

Accepted Answer

vaccines

Question 53

HAART can successfully delay the progression of ___ disease in people infected with the virus.

Accepted Answer

HIV

Question 54

Vaccines stimulate the endogenous production of immune factors that selectively destroy the ___ virus.

Accepted Answer

invading

Question 55

A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) example is ___.

Accepted Answer

Delaviridine (Rescriptor)

Question 56

One category of anti-HIV drugs is ___, which inhibit the enzyme responsible for converting viral RNA into DNA.

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs)

Question 57

Penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit ___ synthesis and function.

Accepted Answer

cell wall

Question 58

___ are a class of anti-HIV drugs that block the virus from entering host cells.

Accepted Answer

HIV entry inhibitors

Question 59

A common adverse effect of antibacterial drugs is ___ reactions.

Accepted Answer

allergic

Question 60

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug commonly used to treat infections caused by ___ viruses.

Accepted Answer

herpes

Question 61

Amphotericin B binds to ___ in the fungal cell membrane, creating pores that lead to cell death.

Accepted Answer