p.10
Chemical Reaction Products and Reactants
What is the reactant in the reaction involving 𝑁𝑂₃⁻ and CH₃COO⁻?
𝑁𝑂₃⁻ (nitrate ion) and CH₃COO⁻ (acetate ion).
p.5
Half Reactions in Redox Reactions
What is the role of electrons in balancing redox reactions?
They are defined as emerging or used.
How many moles of acetate are involved in the sulfate reduction reaction?
2 moles of CH3CH(OH)COO−.
p.11
Denitrification Process
What is the overall reaction for denitrification involving nitrate and acetate?
8 NO3− + 5 CH3 COO− + 13 H+ → 4 N2 + 10 CO2 + 14 H2O + 5 O.
p.11
Denitrification Process
What is the role of acetate (CH3 COO−) in the denitrification process?
It acts as a carbon source for the reduction of nitrate.
p.10
Chemical Reaction Products and Reactants
What are the products of the reaction 𝑁𝑂₃⁻ + CH₃COO⁻?
𝑁₂ (nitrogen gas) and 𝐶𝑂₂ (carbon dioxide).
What is the role of water in the sulfate reduction reaction?
Water (H2O) is produced as a byproduct.
What is the overall reaction for sulfate reduction involving sulfate and acetate?
SO4^2− + CH3CH(OH)COO− → HS− + CH3COO− + CO2.
p.3
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is the role of water in the balanced equation for methane combustion?
It accounts for the hydrogen atoms lost during the reaction.
p.1
Smallest Whole-Number Coefficients
What do stoichiometric coefficients represent?
The relative amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
p.8
Balancing Chemical Reactions
How do we check the balance of the final equation?
By ensuring the number of each atom on both sides is equal.
p.1
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is a common mistake when writing stoichiometric equations?
Failing to balance the equation properly.
What is the process of sulfate reduction?
It involves sulfate-reducing bacteria oxidizing lactate incompletely to acetate and CO2.
p.11
Denitrification Process
What is the significance of hydrogen ions (H+) in the denitrification reactions?
They are involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas.
What type of reaction is represented by the equation CH3CH2OH + Cr2O7^2- → CH3COOH + Cr^3+?
Oxidation of ethanol to acetate.
p.6
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is the correct balanced equation for the combustion of ethane using fractional coefficients?
C2H6 + 7/2 O2 ⟶ 3 H2O + 2 CO2.
p.7
Smallest Whole-Number Coefficients
What is the rule applied in the reaction 3N2 + 9H2 ⟶ 6NH3?
Use of the smallest whole-number coefficients.
p.4
Stoichiometric Equations
What do coefficients represent in a chemical equation?
The relative numbers of reactant and product species.
p.6
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is the alternative correct balanced equation for the combustion of ethane using whole-number coefficients?
2C2H6 + 7 O2 ⟶ 6 H2O + 4 CO2.
p.3
Balancing Chemical Reactions
How do you verify the balance of the combustion equation?
By checking that the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides.
p.1
Stoichiometric Equations
What are stoichiometric equations used for?
To represent the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
What type of bacterium is involved in the oxidation of lactate?
Sulfate-reducing bacterium.
p.5
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What should be balanced first in a redox reaction?
All elements except O and H.
p.8
Balancing Chemical Reactions
Why do we need more water in the reaction?
To balance the hydrogen atoms from NH3.
p.8
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is the significance of having even numbers of nitrogen in the reaction?
N2 dictates that we have even numbers of N: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
What is the charge balance in the sulfate reduction reaction?
Charge: 3- on the left and +6 on the right.
p.1
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is the importance of balancing stoichiometric equations?
To ensure that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
p.1
Stoichiometric Equations
How can stoichiometric equations help in calculating reactants needed?
By using the coefficients to determine the proportions of substances required for a reaction.
p.6
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What rule is applied when balancing chemical equations?
Use of the smallest whole-number coefficients.
p.9
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is the balanced equation for the reaction involving ethanol and dichromate?
3 CH3CH2OH + 2 Cr2O7^2- + 16 H+ → 3 CH3COOH + 4 Cr^3+ + 11 H2O.
p.6
Balancing Chemical Reactions
What is the incorrect balanced equation for the combustion of ethane?
C2H6 + O2 ⟶ 3 H2O + 2 CO2.
