What does the James-Lange theory of emotion propose?
Autonomic responses occur rapidly and are the basis for emotional experience.
p.14
Obesity and Health Risks
What does the theory of 'Set Point' refer to?
A natural point of stable body weight.
What are the main reasons we eat or do not eat?
Various factors including biological, psychological, and environmental influences.
p.20
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What does the parental investment theory explain?
It explains the evolutionary basis for parental behaviors and the investment parents make in their offspring.
p.28
Emotions and Adaptation
Can we have complete control over our emotions?
No, but we can manage them.
Are there different subregions in the hypothalamus?
Yes, there are different subregions with specific functions.
p.18
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
How do pheromones affect female animals?
They seem to synchronize ovulation cycles.
p.18
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
Can any substances reliably increase sexual desire in humans?
No known substances can reliably increase sexual desire in humans.
p.19
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What is a common behavior of female partners in many species?
Females can be very selective on sexual partners.
p.20
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What factors influence parental investment according to the theory?
Factors include the sex of the offspring, the availability of resources, and the potential for future reproduction.
p.24
Emotions and Adaptation
What are the fundamental emotions that aid in adaptation?
Fear, anger, joy, disgust, interest, surprise, contempt, shame, sadness.
What is sexual motivation?
The drive or reasons behind sexual behavior and desire.
What are biological motives?
Motives that satisfy bodily needs for survival.
What are social motives?
Motives acquired through learning and socialization.
p.26
Emotions and Adaptation
What physiological system is activated by emotions?
The autonomic nervous system.
Do stomach sounds indicate hunger?
Stomach sounds (contractions) can indicate hunger, but they are not the only factor.
p.23
Emotions and Adaptation
How can a fearful response affect behavior?
It can lead to avoidance of certain situations or stimuli associated with fear.
p.24
Emotions and Adaptation
What is the result of combining different fundamental emotions?
It generates a great variety of emotions.
What triggers feelings of hunger?
Physiological signals, hormonal changes, and environmental cues.
What is eating motivation?
The drive or reasons behind why individuals eat.
p.33
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What does the brain do in response to arousal according to the experiment?
It interprets the arousal and gives a label to the feeling.
What factors are involved in the regulation of hunger?
A mixture of biological and environmental factors.
What external factor influences people's desire to diet?
Peer pressure regarding body shape.
p.15
Environmental Factors in Eating
What methods are commonly used by people who are dieting?
Using 'healthy' food or commercial slimming services.
p.15
Obesity and Health Risks
Is there a question about the effectiveness of dieting methods?
Yes, it is questioned whether these methods work.
What are some examples of traits that may attract partners?
Ornaments, such as feathers.
p.29
Emotions and Adaptation
What is an implication of the facial-feedback theory?
Feeling happy can lead to laughing more.
Is sex essential for the survival of an individual?
No, it is not essential for the survival of an individual.
What triggers the release of Leptin into the bloodstream?
The presence of fat cells.
p.13
Obesity and Health Risks
How does increased fat and sugar intake affect obesity rates?
It contributes to higher rates of obesity.
p.26
Emotions and Adaptation
What is the purpose of increased blood flow to muscles during emotional responses?
To prepare for the fight/flight response.
p.17
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What is the impact of erotic materials on sexual desire?
They can stimulate arousal and enhance sexual interest.
How do autonomic responses relate to emotions according to the James-Lange theory?
They are the physiological reactions that lead to the experience of emotions.
What are the biological factors involved in hunger regulation?
Brain regulation, digestive regulation, and hormonal regulation.
What are biological motives related to?
Hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, excretory needs, sleep, rest, sex, and aggression.
What are some social motives?
Affiliation, achievement, nurturance, dominance, order, and play.
p.33
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What was the main purpose of the experiment by Dutton and Aron?
To test how arousal affects attraction.
p.29
Emotions and Adaptation
How are emotions expressed according to the behavioral aspect?
Through body language, including facial expressions, gestures, and postures.
p.30
Emotions and Adaptation
How do people of different cultures express emotions?
They express emotions in similar ways.
p.30
Emotions and Adaptation
What is a key difference in how cultures categorize emotions?
Some emotions in the Western world have no equivalent labels in other cultures.
p.30
Emotions and Adaptation
What are display rules in the context of emotions?
Different cultures have different display rules for emotions.
What do neurons on the stomach wall detect?
The stretch of the stomach.
p.15
Obesity and Health Risks
What issue do some underweight individuals face regarding their body image?
They want to be even slimmer despite being underweight.
p.13
Obesity and Health Risks
What factors contribute to the increase in obesity in modern society?
Abundance in domestic crops and animals, and increased fat and sugar intake.
p.23
Emotions and Adaptation
What role does fear play in survival?
Fear triggers fight-or-flight responses that help individuals respond to threats.
p.25
Emotions and Adaptation
How do cultural aspects influence emotions?
They shape how emotions are expressed and understood in different societies.
p.17
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What psychological factors can determine sexual desire?
Attraction to a partner and erotic materials.
p.12
Environmental Factors in Eating
What role does quantity play in eating?
Quantity refers to the amount of food consumed, which can influence satiety and overall intake.
Why is sex considered essential for a species?
It is essential for the survival of a species.
What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion propose?
Autonomic responses are not sufficient to trigger emotion.
What physiological changes occur when you are hungry?
The body signals the need for food, leading to increased appetite and cravings.
p.28
Emotions and Adaptation
What is the nature of emotion according to the subjective-cognitive aspect?
Emotion is highly personal and individualized.
What happens in the body when you are full?
The body signals satiety, reducing appetite and cravings.
p.23
Emotions and Adaptation
What is a fearful response?
A reaction to a perceived threat or danger, often involving physiological and emotional changes.
p.23
Emotions and Adaptation
What physiological changes occur during a fearful response?
Increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness.
p.25
Emotions and Adaptation
What role do neural aspects play in emotions?
They involve brain activity and neurotransmitter release.
p.25
Emotions and Adaptation
What are behavioral aspects of emotions?
They include expressions and actions that reflect emotional states.
p.17
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What role do hormones play in sexual desire?
They regulate various aspects of sexual function and attraction.
p.33
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What did the young woman ask the participants to do?
Fill out an irrelevant questionnaire.
p.12
Environmental Factors in Eating
How does taste influence eating behavior?
Taste affects food choices and preferences, impacting what individuals are likely to eat.
p.22
Emotions and Adaptation
What are the three components of emotions?
Subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral response.
p.12
Environmental Factors in Eating
Why is variety important in food choices?
Variety can enhance enjoyment and satisfaction, potentially leading to increased consumption.
p.13
Obesity and Health Risks
What health risks are associated with obesity?
Increased risk of many types of illness and mortality.
p.28
Emotions and Adaptation
What influences the impact of emotions?
How we label and evaluate them, which is a cognitive process.
p.21
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
Why is parental investment important in evolutionary terms?
It affects the survival and reproductive success of offspring.
p.21
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
How does parental investment theory relate to mate selection?
It suggests that individuals may choose mates based on their potential for providing investment in offspring.
p.12
Environmental Factors in Eating
How does the presence of others affect eating behavior?
Eating in social settings can lead to increased consumption and influence food choices.
p.12
Environmental Factors in Eating
What impact does stress have on eating habits?
Stress can lead to emotional eating or changes in appetite, affecting food choices.
p.12
Environmental Factors in Eating
What are food cues?
Food cues are stimuli that trigger thoughts or cravings for food, influencing eating behavior.
p.18
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What are pheromones?
Chemicals secreted by one animal that affect the behavior of another.
Where is hunger primarily originated?
Hunger is not solely originated from the stomach.
p.20
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
Why is parental investment important in evolutionary terms?
It affects the survival and reproductive success of offspring.
p.25
Emotions and Adaptation
What are the physiological aspects of emotions?
They involve bodily responses such as heart rate and sweating.
p.21
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What does parental investment theory explain?
It explains the evolutionary basis for the investment parents make in their offspring.
p.21
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What factors influence parental investment according to the theory?
Factors include the sex of the offspring, the availability of resources, and the potential for future reproduction.
p.17
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
How does attraction to a partner influence sexual desire?
It enhances emotional and physical connection, increasing desire.
p.30
Emotions and Adaptation
How do cultures differ in interpreting emotions?
They are similar in how they interpret or evaluate emotions.
p.24
Emotions and Adaptation
How do emotions contribute to survival?
Emotions help us to adapt and survive, for example, fear helps us avoid danger.
p.26
Emotions and Adaptation
What are some physical responses to emotions?
Pupil dilation, dry mouth, sweating, goosebumps, increased heart rate.
Can people who have had their stomach removed still feel hungry?
Yes, they can still feel hungry.
p.22
Emotions and Adaptation
What are emotions?
Complex psychological states that involve a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response.
p.22
Emotions and Adaptation
What role do emotions play in adaptation?
Emotions help individuals respond to environmental challenges and opportunities.
p.25
Emotions and Adaptation
What are subjective-cognitive aspects of emotions?
They involve personal interpretations and feelings about experiences.
p.29
Emotions and Adaptation
What does the facial-feedback theory suggest?
Muscular changes in facial expressions help the brain recognize emotion.
p.17
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
How do pheromones affect sexual desire?
They are chemical signals that can influence attraction.
What is a common preference among males in many species?
Males often prefer many partners.
p.33
Biological and Psychological Factors in Sexual Desire
What did the young men participants do in the experiment?
They crossed one of the bridges.
p.12
Environmental Factors in Eating
What are learned preferences and habits in relation to eating?
They are behaviors and choices developed over time based on experiences and cultural influences.
p.22
Emotions and Adaptation
How do emotions influence behavior?
Emotions can motivate actions and influence decision-making.
