Movement Study & Exercise Science.
Dr. Tim Yam.
Pronation.
A movement toward the midline of the body.
The gastrocnemius and soleus.
A circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
To provide external rotation of the shoulder.
To stabilize the shoulder joint and allow for a range of motion.
A joint formed by the apposition of two relatively flat surfaces.
Adducts the hip joint and, to some extent, flexes it.
A joint formed by a surface having convex condyles and a corresponding concave reciprocal surface.
The socket of the hip joint that receives the head of the femur.
To provide stability and mobility to the lower limb.
The femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis.
A ball-and-socket joint.
It suggests that more information or a story will follow.
Large bending moments including tensile and compressive forces.
Bending of a part so the anterior surfaces come closer together.
The thumb and ankle.
The back side of the body.
Scapula, thumb, and wrist.
Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and adductors.
Abduction moves a limb away from the midline, while adduction brings it back toward the midline.
Dorsiflexion of the talocrural joint.
Anterior talofibular ligament.
0 to 35 degrees.
The inward rotation of the forearm, causing the palm to face down.
To facilitate movement and manipulation of objects.
It provides stability to the outer side of the knee.
The shoulder joint.
Gliding movements.
Movement away from the midline of the body or body part.
Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
Straightening of a part and movement in the opposite direction to flexion.
Limits anterior translation of the tibia on the femur.
0 to 135 degrees.
Flexes the knee joint and rotates it laterally; extends the hip joint.
Divides the body into left and right sections.
Shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
The fibula.
Calcaneofibular ligament.
To allow movement between the thigh and lower leg.
Supination.
The femur, tibia, and patella.
Knee joint: extension.
The area beneath the acromion of the shoulder.
Turning of the anterior surface of a part toward the midline of the body.
Adducts the hip joint.
Abducts the hip and stabilizes the pelvis in the coronal plane.
Sagittal axis (frontal plane).
Helps to keep the knee extended.
Biceps.
Respiration (often referred to as 'cough muscles').
The outward rotation of the forearm, causing the palm to face up.
Transverse and frontal planes.
Medial View and Lateral View.
Flexion, internal rotation, adduction.
0 to 15 degrees.
Backward or downward, depending on the joint.
The tibia, fibula, and talus.
Extension, external rotation, abduction.
Quadriceps and hamstrings.
They stabilize the shoulder joint and allow for a wide range of motion.
The femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis.
Iliac crest.
The bending of a joint, decreasing the angle between two body parts.
The rotator cuff muscles.
Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
Patellar ligament.
Talus.
To support weight and provide balance.
Movement and Function of the Limbs.
It deepens the acetabulum and provides stability to the hip joint.
It is formed by a central bony pivot surrounded by an osteoligamentous ring.
Abduction.
Extends the hip joint, flexes the knee joint, and rotates it medially; can extend the trunk when hip and knee joints are flexed.
Anterior and posterior sections.
Adducts and flexes the hip joint, assists with medial rotation of the hip joint.
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
A movement that increases the angle between two body parts.
Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
Internal rotation.
Glenoid labrum.
Anterior, posterior, and lateral views.
Abduction.
Gluteus maximus and hamstrings.
Common movement terms include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
A group of ligaments located on the medial side of the ankle.
To facilitate movement and stability of the shoulder joint.
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus.
Knee joint: extension.
0 to 45 degrees.
To provide cushioning and stability.
The straightening of a joint, increasing the angle between two body parts.
The quadriceps muscles.
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Elderly individuals, particularly postmenopausal women.
A joint where a ball-shaped surface articulates with a cup-shaped surface.
Turning of the anterior surface of a part away from the midline of the body.
Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes the hip joint.
Rotational movements.
The thumb and ankle.
A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
0 to 20 degrees.
External rotation and weak adduction.
A view that shows the back side of the shoulder joint.
40 to 58 degrees.
Deltoid, rotator cuff muscles, and trapezius.
It provides a consistent frame of reference for anatomical terminology and descriptions.
Posterior talofibular ligament.
It connects the arm to the body and helps stabilize the shoulder.
No, they primarily occur in hinge and ball-and-socket joints.
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
Tibia and fibula.
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
Talocrural Joint.
Posterior cruciate ligament.
Calcaneus.
They stabilize the shoulder joint.
The hamstring muscles.
0 to 45 degrees.
The subacromial bursa.
The front side of the body.
Movement toward the midline of the body or body part.
A joint formed by an oval convex surface in apposition with an elliptical concave surface.
0 to 50 degrees.
To allow movement and support weight-bearing activities.
Axes are perpendicular to the respective plane in which the movement occurs.
Rotates the scapula laterally.
Steadies scapula; draws scapula medially upward.
Vertebral part, scapular part, costal part, and iliac part.
Forward or upward, depending on the joint.
The long bone of the upper arm that connects to the shoulder joint.
Thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
To facilitate movement and stability of the knee joint.
Femur.
A hinge joint.
Lower limb muscles include the quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, and calf muscles.
To extend the knee.
It helps in the elevation, retraction, and rotation of the scapula.
A ball-and-socket joint.
Hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint.
Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and sartorius.
It allows for various activities such as reaching, lifting, and throwing.
Gluteus maximus and hamstrings.
Pectoralis major.
A circular movement around an axis.
Latissimus dorsi.
Rotational movements.
A rotational movement that turns the palm downwards.
Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip joint; flexes the knee joint.
Extends and externally rotates the hip in sagittal and coronal planes.
Frontal axis (sagittal plane).
Subacromial bursa.
Draws the scapula laterally forward and elevates the ribs when the shoulder is fixed.
Each joint surface has a convexity at right angles to a concave surface.
A view that shows the front side of the shoulder joint.
135 to 0 degrees.
Flexes the knee joint and rotates it laterally; extends the hip joint, especially when initiating the walking gait.
Iliotibial Band.
The planes of the human body include the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.
90 degrees.
Axes are imaginary lines around which movement occurs, helping to describe the direction of motion.
It stabilizes the inner side of the knee.
The act of changing physical location or position.
A ball-and-socket joint.
Tibia, Fibula, Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular.
The humerus, scapula, and clavicle.
Flexion, stabilization of the humeral head during deltoid contraction, abduction, and internal rotation of the humerus.
To flex the knee.
Extension.
The tibia to the calcaneus.
A movement away from the midline of the body.
Hamstrings.
It is one of the main weight-bearing bones.
0 to 90 degrees.
Navicular.
The deltoid muscle.
Hinge Joint.
Lowers the raised arm.
Adduction is the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
Assists in hip abduction and stabilization of the pelvis.
Steadies scapula; draws scapula medially upward.
A standard position of the body used as a reference point in anatomy.
Steadies the trunk to the thigh.
Adducts the hip joint.
Upper and lower sections.
Draws scapula medially upward while moving inferior angle medially; inclines neck to the same side.
Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and sartorius.
It is responsible for shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension.
To provide a wide range of motion for the upper limb.
Humerus, radius, and ulna.
Anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament.
Flexion and supination.
A hinge joint.
To protect the knee joint and improve leverage of the thigh muscles.
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
0 to 30 degrees.
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).
Movement away from the midline of the body.
Head of Femur.
The tibia to the navicular bone.
To provide stability and limit excessive movement.
0 to 135 degrees.
Clavicle, scapula, and humerus.
Shoulder internal rotation, adduction, and extension.
External rotation.
Limits posterior glide of the tibia on the femur.
The kneecap.
Glenoid cavity.
Gastrocnemius (medial & lateral) and Soleus.
Adducts the hip joint, flexes the knee joint, and helps rotate it medially.
Plantar flexion.
Hip joint: flexion and knee joint: extension.
Forward.
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
To allow for movement and support the weight of the body.
Knee joint: extension.
0 to 30 degrees.
A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
It helps stabilize the ankle joint.
Subscapularis muscle.
Tensor fasciae latae.
0 to 60 degrees.
It provides stability to the ankle joint from the back.
Sagittal axis, frontal axis, and vertical axis.
It provides stability to the ankle.
Movement in the sagittal plane.
It provides attachment points for muscles and facilitates arm movement.
0 to 120 degrees.
The hip bone (Ilium).
Sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse.
Anterior tibiotalar ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, posterior tibiotalar ligament, and tibionavicular ligament.
Deltoid muscle.
It assists in hip external rotation.
Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, and Vastus intermedius.
Quadriceps.
To connect the foot to the leg and allow for movement.
0 to 45 degrees.
0 to 70 degrees.
Ischial Tuberosity.
0 to 45 degrees.
The glenohumeral joint.
0 to 180 degrees.
To provide stability and mobility to the lower limb.
It connects the patella to the tibia and helps in knee extension.
To enable movement and provide stability.
Anterior cruciate ligament.
Upper limb movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation of the shoulder and elbow.
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
A movement that increases the angle between two body parts.
The lateral and medial ligaments.
Extension and adduction.
The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus.
Movement toward the midline of the body.
To initiate shoulder abduction.
A circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
A rotational movement that turns the palm upwards.
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
Movement in the frontal plane.
A movement that raises a body part.
0 to 180 degrees.
It connects the clavicle to the scapula and allows for shoulder movement.
The circular movement around an axis.
It supports the weight of the body during standing and movement.
A movement that lowers a body part.
