p.3
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
p.3
Brain Structure and Function
What are the major components of the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord.
p.22
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the function of the visceral system in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Regulates involuntary bodily functions to maintain homeostasis.
p.26
Neural Communication and Reflex Actions
What should you do if you have questions?
Send an email to Iobazie@uclan.ac.uk.
p.4
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the two main parts of the nervous system mentioned?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System.
p.21
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) include?
31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, the autonomic nervous system, and associated ganglia.
p.13
Brain Structure and Function
What is the primary function of the brain?
To process information and control bodily functions.
What role does the nervous system play in memory?
The nervous system encodes, stores, and retrieves memories through complex neural pathways and synaptic connections.
p.24
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What part of the nervous system do cranial nerves belong to?
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
p.25
Neurons and Neuroglia
Why is it important to master vocabulary unique to neuroscience?
To effectively communicate and understand concepts in the field.
What degrees does Mr. Izuchukwu Obazie hold?
BSc., M.Sc. in Human Anatomy.
p.3
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
What is a key difference between cranial and spinal nerves?
Their structural and functional characteristics.
p.4
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems
What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems.
p.14
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Which cranial nerves are housed in the cerebrum?
Cranial Nerves I (olfactory) and II (optic).
p.24
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
What do spinal nerves carry?
Mixed bundles of motor and sensory nerves.
p.12
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Cerebrum, brainstem, spinal cord, and cerebellum.
p.10
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What is the primary function of the Central Nervous System?
To process and transmit information throughout the body.
p.12
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
What is the role of cranial nerves?
They connect the brain to various parts of the head, neck, and body.
p.15
Brain Structure and Function
What cranial nerves are associated with the Medulla oblongata?
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal), CN X (Vagus), CN XI (Accessory), and CN XII (Hypoglossal).
p.6
Neural Communication and Reflex Actions
How does the nervous system facilitate precise hand-eye coordination?
The nervous system integrates sensory information and motor commands to control fine motor skills, allowing for tasks like threading a needle or playing a musical instrument.
p.14
Brain Structure and Function
What are the four main lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe.
p.11
Brain Structure and Function
What are the main functions of the cerebrum?
It is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing.
What is the primary function of neurons?
To transmit information throughout the nervous system.
p.13
Brain Structure and Function
What role does the cerebrum play in the brain?
It is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, and emotion.
p.24
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
How do spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?
Through the intervertebral foramen.
p.14
Brain Structure and Function
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain.
p.16
Brain Structure and Function
How does the cerebellum contribute to learning?
It is involved in motor learning and adapting movements.
p.25
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
p.4
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System?
It connects the Central Nervous System to the limbs and organs.
p.4
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What does the Autonomic Nervous System regulate?
Involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.
p.13
Brain Structure and Function
What is a brainstem?
The part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions.
p.22
Somatic and Visceral Nervous Systems
What does the somatic system control?
Voluntary muscle movements and transmits sensory information to the CNS.
p.21
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What system is included in the PNS that regulates involuntary functions?
The autonomic nervous system.
p.1
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
The brain and spinal cord.
p.16
Brain Structure and Function
What role does the cerebellum play in motor control?
It fine-tunes motor activity and helps with precision.
p.1
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
To connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
p.14
Brain Structure and Function
What does the temporal lobe primarily handle?
Auditory information and memory.
p.16
Brain Structure and Function
What happens if the cerebellum is damaged?
It can lead to coordination problems and balance issues.
p.10
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What is the role of the spinal cord in the CNS?
To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
p.15
Brain Structure and Function
Which cranial nerves are associated with the Pons?
CN V (Trigeminal), CN VI (Abducens), CN VII (Facial), and CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear).
p.6
Neural Communication and Reflex Actions
What happens at the neural level when you touch a hot object?
A reflex action occurs, where sensory neurons send signals to the spinal cord, which then quickly activates motor neurons to pull the hand away.
p.25
Brain Structure and Function
What are the major components of the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord.
p.25
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
What is a key difference between cranial and spinal nerves?
Cranial nerves emerge directly from the brain, while spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord.
What is Mr. Izuchukwu Obazie's role at the University of Central Lancashire?
Teaching fellow in Anatomy.
p.16
Brain Structure and Function
What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
To coordinate voluntary movements and maintain balance.
p.13
Brain Structure and Function
What are the main components of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
p.22
Neurons and Neuroglia
What do sensory (afferent) neurons do?
Carry sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS.
p.14
Brain Structure and Function
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Involved in reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and emotional control.
p.18
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the main components of the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord.
p.20
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
To regulate involuntary bodily functions.
p.14
Brain Structure and Function
What is the main function of the occipital lobe?
Responsible for visual processing.
p.18
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What role does the brain play in the CNS?
It serves as the control center for processing sensory information and coordinating responses.
p.9
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the main function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Regulation of visceral function.
p.12
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What does PNS stand for?
Peripheral Nervous System.
What is one of the primary functions of neurons?
To receive and integrate incoming information from sensory receptors and other neurons.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the primary function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)?
Activates 'rest and digest' responses.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Where is the Enteric Nervous System located?
Within the walls of the gut.
What is essential to master in the field of neuroscience?
Terms and vocabulary unique to neuroscience.
p.1
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
p.20
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?
Nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.
p.12
Cranial and Spinal Nerves
What is the function of spinal nerves?
They transmit signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body.
p.9
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
The brain and the spinal cord.
What is the function of neurons?
To transmit nerve impulses.
Do neuroglial cells participate directly in information processing?
No, they do not participate directly in information processing like neurons.
What role do neuroglial cells play in the nervous system?
They maintain normal functioning and ensure efficient neural communication.
p.20
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What types of functions does the ANS control?
Heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and reflexes.
p.10
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What are the main components of the Central Nervous System?
The brain and spinal cord.
p.16
Brain Structure and Function
Where is the cerebellum located in the brain?
At the back of the brain, beneath the cerebrum.
p.11
Brain Structure and Function
What are the two hemispheres of the cerebrum called?
The left hemisphere and the right hemisphere.
p.22
Neurons and Neuroglia
What is the role of motor (efferent) neurons?
Transmit signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles, enabling voluntary movements.
p.13
Brain Structure and Function
What is the function of the cerebellum?
To coordinate voluntary movements and maintain posture and balance.
p.18
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What is the primary function of the CNS?
To process and transmit information throughout the body.
p.20
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What are the two main divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems.
What is neuroglia?
A major cellular component of the nervous system that supports neurons.
What is a neuron?
The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
p.20
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems
What is the function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
It promotes 'rest and digest' activities.
p.18
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What is the function of the spinal cord in the CNS?
To relay messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
p.9
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Where is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) located?
Partly within the CNS and partly within the PNS.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the Enteric Nervous System primarily involved in?
Controlling peristalsis and gastrointestinal secretions.
p.10
Central Nervous System (CNS)
How does the CNS interact with the Peripheral Nervous System?
The CNS receives sensory information from the PNS and sends motor commands back to it.
p.11
Brain Structure and Function
What is the role of the cerebral cortex?
It is involved in complex functions such as perception, cognition, and voluntary movement.
p.18
Central Nervous System (CNS)
How does the CNS communicate with the rest of the body?
Through the peripheral nervous system.
p.20
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems
What role does the Sympathetic Nervous System play?
It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What is the primary function of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?
Activates 'fight or flight' responses.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Where are the neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System located?
In the spinal gray between the thoracic and upper lumbar levels.
p.20
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What is the role of ganglia in the PNS?
They act as relay points for nerve signals.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Which cranial nerves are associated with the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
The 3rd, 7th, 9th, and 10th cranial nerves.
p.10
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What role does the brain play in the CNS?
It serves as the control center for processing sensory information and coordinating responses.
p.9
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What components make up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia associated with cranial and spinal nerves, and peripheral receptor organs.
What is the function of neuroglia?
To support and protect neurons.
p.20
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
How does the PNS communicate with the CNS?
Through sensory and motor neurons.
What do neurons do with the information they receive?
They integrate information from various sources.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What physiological changes does the PNS induce?
Slows heart rate, constricts pupils, and promotes digestion.
How do neuroglia compare to neurons in number?
They outnumber neurons by about ten times.
p.1
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What system regulates the body's hormonal activities?
The neuroendocrine system.
p.23
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What physiological changes does the SNS induce?
Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood flow to muscles.
What do neurons transmit information to?
Other neurons and non-neural structures such as muscles, organs, and glands.
