Question 1

The impact of ___ on generalizability refers to how the specific location or environment of the study can influence the applicability of the results to other settings.

Accepted Answer

setting

Question 2

Internal validity refers to the potential for ___ factors to interfere with the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Accepted Answer

confounding

Question 3

Confounding factors are variables that the researcher failed to control or eliminate, which can damage the ___ validity of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

internal

Question 4

___ is an internal validity threat that involves changes in the measurement instruments that might affect the study outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Instrumentation

Question 5

A threat to ___ validity occurs when the experimental conditions do not adequately represent the real-world conditions they are intended to simulate.

Accepted Answer

external

Question 6

One potential threat to statistical conclusion validity is ___ statistical power.

Accepted Answer

low

Question 7

A threat to external validity related to sampling is when the sample doesn’t represent the ___ ___.

Accepted Answer

target population

Question 8

Methods to enhance ___ validity include randomization, control groups, and blinding.

Accepted Answer

internal

Question 9

___ bias occurs when the sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn.

Accepted Answer

Selection

Question 10

___ is a method used to ensure each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

Randomization

Question 11

The internal validity threat known as ___ refers to the effects of taking a test on the outcomes of taking a second test.

Accepted Answer

testing

Question 12

___ validity is concerned with whether the results of a study can be generalized to other settings, people, times, and measures.

Accepted Answer

External

Question 13

The Hawthorne Effect refers to the impact of subjects' ___ that they are part of a study on their performance.

Accepted Answer

knowledge

Question 14

Violating assumptions of ___ tests can threaten statistical conclusion validity.

Accepted Answer

statistical

Question 15

A threat to external validity related to history/time questions whether the result can be generalized to different ___ in ___.

Accepted Answer

periods, time

Question 16

___ subjects and investigators helps to prevent bias and enhance internal validity.

Accepted Answer

Blinding

Question 17

Reliability and ___ are important factors in maintaining statistical conclusion validity.

Accepted Answer

variance

Question 18

Experimental design validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure. There are two main types of validity: ___ validity and ___ validity.

Accepted Answer

internal, external

Question 19

Statistical conclusion validity refers to the appropriate use of ___ procedures to assess the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Accepted Answer

statistical

Question 20

Failure to use ___ to treat analysis can be a threat to statistical conclusion validity.

Accepted Answer

intention

Question 21

___ validity refers to the degree to which an experiment is methodologically sound and confound-free.

Accepted Answer

Internal

Question 22

The ___ Effect is a type of experimental bias where subjects' knowledge that they are part of a study affects their performance.

Accepted Answer

Hawthorne

Question 23

One internal validity threat is ___, which refers to changes in participants over time that may affect the study outcome.

Accepted Answer

maturation

Question 24

A threat to external validity related to setting can occur when comparing ___ vs. ___.

Accepted Answer

military, civilian

Question 25

Statistical conclusion validity refers to the extent to which the conclusions about the relationship among variables based on the data are correct or 'reasonable.' Threats to this type of validity include low statistical power and ___ error rates.

Accepted Answer

high

Question 26

___ context in research refers to how the time period in which a study is conducted can affect its findings and their applicability to other times.

Accepted Answer

Historical

Question 27

___ validity threats include factors such as maturation, history, testing, instrumentation, statistical regression, selection, experimental mortality, and selection-maturation interaction.

Accepted Answer